scholarly journals La Orientación para la carrera y las jóvenes musulmanas en Inglaterra: una reflexión sobre la justicia social

Author(s):  
Barrie A. Irving ◽  
Vivienne Barker ◽  
Marie Parker-Jenkins ◽  
Dimitra Hartas

RESUMENEn este artículo, se reflexiona sobre la atención a la diversidad cultural en los Servicios de Orientación para la Carrera en Inglaterra, y cómo, a pesar del discurso vigente sobre igualdad de oportunidades, se está excluyendo de forma sistemática a ciertos grupos. Las intervenciones parten de un sistema de valores occidental, orientado al individuo frente a la colectividad, lo que entra en conflicto con la forma de actuar de ciertos grupos. Se ejemplifica dicha situación con el caso de las jóvenes musulmanas, un grupo muy numeroso en Inglaterra. En la primera sección se exponen las limitaciones del actual discurso liberal referido a la «igualdad de oportunidades», en la sociedad inglesa. Los autores argumentan que este discurso es demasiado individualista y no tiene en cuenta las dimensiones sociales presentes en una sociedad culturalmente diversa. Proponen cambiar este concepto por el de justicia social, crítica detrás para que no se quede en un mero concepto de corte paternalista. Consideran que para sentar las bases de una sociedad más dinámica y justa que busque dar respuesta a las necesidades de todos sus ciudadanos, de forma individual y colectiva, es preciso adoptar un enfoque más amplio y crítico como es el de la justicia social, postura que defienden a lo largo de todo el artículo. En la segunda parte, se menciona brevemente la transformación sufrida por los Servicios de Orientación en Inglaterra a partir de 1993 (de ser públicos a entrar en un «mercado de libre competición»), y las distintas prioridades con respecto a los destinatarios según los gobiernos sucesivos. En cualquier caso, y a pesar de que el de centro-izquierda pusiera el énfasis en la atención a grupos en desventaja social, se sigue ignorando el contexto social como variable moduladora de los procesos vocacionales y de elección ocupacional, y se sigue aplicando un modelo de orientación basado sólo en premisas occidentales. Se hace referencia además a los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo por los autores, para averiguar cómo los servicios de orientación estaban atendiendo las necesidades de orientación para la carrera de las jóvenes musulmanas en los últimos años de la escolaridad obligatoria, y si se tenía en cuenta la influencia que ejerce la cultura (y en concreto la religión) en sus decisiones. Mediante una encuesta a los servicios de orientación, y entrevistas a algunos, se les preguntó sobre su interpretación del concepto de «igualdad de oportunidades», qué medidas estaban adoptando para atender a la diversidad étnica en general, y si realizaban actividades concretas dirigidas a jóvenes musulmanas. Por último, en la tercera sección, proporcionan un marco de referencia para reflexionar sobre la atención a las necesidades vocacionales de los diversos grupos culturales, y concretamente de las jóvenes musulmanas. Parten de tres dimensiones que afectan el desarrollo de la carrera y la elección ocupacional: la existencia de influencias comunes que afectan a todas las personas que viven en una sociedad Occidental, independientemente de su cultura o religión de origen; que la forma de interpretar estas influencias es singular a su propio contexto cultural, y las características individuales, que también  entran  en  juego,  según  la  importancia  relativa  que  se  les  conceda  en  relación  a  la  afiliación cultural. Se centran sólo en la segunda, puesto que los Servicios de Orientación atienden a la primera y tercera, y consideran que es fundamental tener en cuenta la dimensión social. Identifican así cuatro ejes de influencia que afectan tanto el nivel de autonomía de las jóvenes musulmanas como su acceso a distintos recursos: los padres y la familia, la comunidad, los centros escolares y las instituciones de educación superior, los empresarios y formadores (en el trabajo). Concluyen sugiriendo que se debe revisar el actual discurso sobre la igualdad de oportunidades, que no está dando lugar a una verdadera igualdad de resultados proponiendo el enfoque crítico de justicia social como alternativa que facilite una mayor conciencia y comprensión sobre los diversos grupos culturales, y un cambio de actitud con respecto a la «diferencia» «diversidad» como rasgos permanentes y deseables de nuestra sociedad. El reto consistirá en asegurar que personas pertenecientes a comunidades diversas que pueden diferir en función de su raza/etnicidad, género o clase social, obtengan el apoyo y los recursos necesarios que respondan a sus distintas necesidades.ABSTRACTFor many years, a liberal discourse of «equal opportunities» has continued to dominate challenges to racist, sexist and inequitable practices. The desire to treat «everyone the same» is a common strand in which the universal needs of the «many» are set against the differentiated needs of the «few». The authors suggest that this discourse is too individualistic and inward looking, failing to acknowledge and adequately accommodate the social dimensions which exist within a culturally diverse society. It is  argued  that  a  broader  social  justice  philosophy  should  be  adopted  which  is  critically  located, politically informed and sensitive to cultural diversity and differentiated needs. This article considers how  the  «equal  opportunities»  discourse  has  influenced  much  careers  guidance  practice  amongst English Careers Services in relation to the career guidance needs of Muslim girls. Finally it draws upon recent research, to highlight the possibilities presented by the adoption of a critical social justice approach.

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802098690
Author(s):  
Ashokkumar Manoharan ◽  
Michael J. Gross ◽  
Shruti R. Sardeshmukh

The topic of cultural diversity in hospitality firms has been somewhat neglected in the abundant research on cultural diversity in organizations. To overcome the gap, the purpose of the research was to examine the antecedents and outcomes of employing a culturally diverse workforce in hotels. Results from semistructured interviews showed there are four antecedents for the increase in cultural diversity and outcomes reflect significantly more benefits than challenges. Our findings suggest the benefits of cultural diversity come from the informational advantages, supporting the processing perspective. The challenges of diversity are rooted in the social categorization and in-group-out-group dynamics, lending support to the social identity theory. This study advances diversity literature based on research evidence of the various antecedents and outcomes in employing a culturally diverse workforce. Implications for diversity management are offered so the benefits may be sustained, and the challenges may be minimized in hospitality firms.


2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elan Lazuardi ◽  
Christy E. Newman ◽  
Irma Anintya Tasya ◽  
Emily Rowe ◽  
D. N. Wirawan ◽  
...  

The globally recognized test and treat approach underpins Indonesian national strategies to reduce and prevent HIV among key populations, including men who have sex with men. More comprehensive understanding of how engagement with HIV prevention is shaped by social and community practices will support these efforts. Between 2015 and 2016, focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 54 men who have sex with men in three urban settings in Indonesia to elicit their views on, and experiences of, HIV prevention and care. Focused on data relating to testing, findings documented the important influence of informal peer networks, community-based organizations and outreach workers. Some social dimensions of service access complicated this, particularly fear of stigma or lack of confidentiality in large service settings. The many differences between men challenges assumptions that a single set of HIV prevention strategies will work to engage all men who have sex with men living in Indonesia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 583-589
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Bragta

Baba Sahib Bhim Rao Ambedkar views on social justice are the very basis of the Indian Constitution. The social justice means providing equal social opportunities to everyone to develop their personalities, associated with equality and social rights. In every state it becomes important to secure a social order based on justice and creating an equal opportunity available to everyone. Mostly, the people are being treated with discrimination in size, color, caste, religion, race in the society because of they are mostly uneducated and from marginalized sections of the society that creates a social disorder and inequality among them. Hence, the need of the social justice is an inevitable and is the only weapon to prosper the people towards their active participation in the development and mainstream of the society. However, it becomes important to establish an egalitarian social, economic and political order in diverse society like India. It’s in this backdrop the article tries to explore the concept of social justice and Ambedkar view on it. How far Ambedkar’s reflection is visible in Indian Constitution and its relevance in the present times.


Author(s):  
Peter J. Robertson ◽  
Nick Cimini ◽  
Jouke Post ◽  
James Corry

This paper argues that trade unions represent natural allies for career services, as they have shared interests in addressing issues of social justice at work. This potentially valuable partnership has been under-developed. Two case studies of innovative practice will be presented, one relating to guidance practice in the Netherlands, the other related to career education proposals in Scotland. The challenges to be overcome in union involvement in careers work are explored. Working with unions represents a pragmatic approach to career guidance practice that is responsive to the social justice implications of new employment relationships.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesip Demirbilek ◽  
Fulya Atila ◽  
Celalettin Korkmaz

The aim of this study is to reveal how university students conceptualize their perceptions of social justice. 393 university students were included as the sample of the research. An interview form was sent to the students online. The content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. As results, it was stated that every student is equal, opportunities are provided equally, there is no discrimination, social activities are equally benefited, every student is given the same rights, interests and needs are cared for, and every student is treated fairly. They expressed as the most unjust incidents are "necessity of distance education due to the Covid-19 pandemic," "getting unworthy points," "discrimination," "lack of justice in scoring," "unfair scholarship distribution" and "no course exemption." In addition, since it is not in the literature, a scale can be developed regarding the social justice perception levels of students studying in higher education.


2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL HABER

In the light of recent events, the once widely accepted Marxist distinction between “scientific” and “utopian” socialism is fading rapidly. For it has become increasingly difficult to believe that any form of socialism is inherent in the workings of history, as the Marxists had claimed for their “scientific” variety. Today Marxism, in its own terms, turns out to be “utopian.” One can now more readily recognize the kinship of the many different socialisms as well as the significance of their link to the social ideals of the past. What had previously been a somewhat antiquarian literature on “precursors,” “forerunners,” and “schismatics” of socialism suddenly appears as especially pertinent and perhaps even central. Today, without difficulty, one turns away from the various contradistinctions developed in this scholarship and toward the interconnections implicit in it.1Surveying this literature, we can recognize three preeminent social ideals that went into the making of the various socialisms – the call for social justice, the aspiration toward a society of brotherly love, and the belief that one could rid society of poverty. It was the eighth-century prophets of the Hebrew Bible who advanced the audacious demand for justice in society. They urged an end to oppression, cruelty, abuse, and more generally that people be given what was rightfully theirs. This demand recurs in almost all the socialist programs. In the Marxist scheme, it takes the form of the theory of surplus value which describes capitalist profit as a surplus product stolen (“entwandt”) from the worker who creates it.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Sharon Traweek ◽  
Duygu Kaşdoğan ◽  
Kim Fortun

In the 2020 Prague Virtual Conference of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Sharon Traweek was awarded the society’s John D. Bernal Prize jointly with Langdon Winner. The Bernal Prize is awarded annually to individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the field of STS. Prize recipients include founders of the field of STS, along with outstanding scholars who have devoted their careers to the understanding of the social dimensions of science and technology. This is an edited transcription, which accompanies the full audio file also available in this issue of the journal. The interview supplements the text of Traweek’s 2020 Bernal lecture. In this interview, Traweek discusses her research, academic career, the many influences on her life, and her thoughts on STS—in the past and in the future.


2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Kwong Kam

Social changes and professionalization have moved social work away from advancing social justice and into the domination of individual therapies. This article redirects social workers’ attention to the importance of the ‘social’ in social work by presenting a six-social dimensions framework, and suggests that this refocusing helps to revive the profession’s contribution to promoting social justice.


Author(s):  
Sandra Edmonds Crewe ◽  
Julie Guyot-Diangone

This article provides an overview of the phenomenon of labeling and stigma. Research studies are used to illuminate the many ways devalued or discredited identities negatively affect the health and well-being of stigmatized groups and additionally burden the socially and economically marginalized. In addition to conveying an understanding of the social process by which a stigma is developed and the role that culture plays in defining and determining any given stigma, this article offers ways in which social work professionals may counter stigma through education/awareness campaigns and in routine client interactions. Anti-stigma work is presented from social justice and ethical perspectives. Stigma as a social construct is discussed, along with its link to discrimination and prejudice. The article helps to unpack the meaning of stigma, including descriptions of the various forms, levels, and dimensions it may take, affecting all spheres of life, including the social, psychological, spiritual, and physical.


Politics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Tyler

This paper assesses the special difficulties faced by a liberal democratic system which seeks to maintain its democratic credentials when governing a culturally diverse society. The argument focuses upon the analysis of cultural pluralism developed in two recent pieces of Bhikhu Parekh. After clarifying the nature of Parekh's culturally pluralistic society, the cultural specificity of liberal democracy is examined Finally, Parekh's attempt to reconcile the two through ‘operative public values’ is shown to be inadequate in such a manner that the ability of a liberal democratic system to ever bring lasting well-being in a situation of cultural diversity is thrown into doubt.


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