First-Generation Women in Short Films

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-102
Author(s):  
Leslie Kealhofer-Kemp
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Women's Experience ◽  
Potential Channels

This chapter examines key short films featuring Maghrebi migrant women in France through an analysis of objects such as letters, a play script, food, photographs, and clothing items. It highlights the extent to which such objects are crucial to giving expression to the experiences of Maghrebi women through this particular medium, where meaning must necessarily be communicated in a short period of time. These objects have multi-layered meanings and serve as potential channels for communication and understanding between first-generation women and people who are different from them, most notably because they have not shared the women’s experience of migration and exile and in many cases do not speak the women’s mother tongue. This analysis highlights the ways in which the women negotiate, navigate, and cross various cultural, linguistic, psychological, and spatial boundaries or barriers that exist in their lives. The cultural productions discussed in this chapter include films directed by Fejria Deliba, Ismaël Ferroukhi, Faïza Guène, and Catherine Bernstein.

Muslim Women in French Cinema

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Kealhofer-Kemp
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
French Cinema ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Short Films

Muslim Women in French Cinema: Voices of Maghrebi Migrants in France is the first comprehensive study of cinematic representations of first-generation Muslim women from the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) in France. Situated at the intersection of post-colonial studies, gender studies, and film studies, this book uses the multi-layered concept of ‘voice’ as an analytical lens through which to examine a diverse corpus of over 60 documentaries, short films, téléfilms (made-for-television films), and feature films released in France between 1979 and 2014. In examining the ways in which the voices, experiences, and points of view of Maghrebi migrant women in France are represented and communicated through a selection of key films, this study offers new perspectives on Maghrebi migrant women in France. It shows that women of this generation, as they are represented in these films, are far more diverse and often more empowered than has generally been thought on the basis of the relatively narrow range of media and cultural productions that have so far reached mainstream audiences. The films examined in this study are part of larger contemporary debates and discussions relating to immigration, integration, and what it means to be French.

Maghrebi Migrant Women in France and French Cinema

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Leslie Kealhofer-Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
French Cinema ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Short Films ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Gender

The introduction provides a general overview of the place of Maghrebi migrant women in France and outlines the book’s purpose, scope, and methodology. The study adopts the concept of ‘voice’ as a framework through which to critically examine the representations of Maghrebi women in a diverse corpus of documentaries, short films, téléfilms, and feature films, and the introduction draws on scholarship in post-colonial, film, and gender studies. It sets out the book’s key questions, including: In what ways do cinematic depictions of first-generation women challenge dominant perceptions about this generation, and notably the idea that the women are silent and disempowered? Do films depicting Maghrebi women invite audiences to come to a better understanding of the women’s subjective perspectives, and if so, by what means? What opportunities and constraints do the formal conventions characteristic of the four types of films present in representing first-generation women? To what extent is the question of Islam raised, and can it be said that this shapes the representations of Maghrebi women in a particular way? The introduction concludes with a description the fieldwork undertaken to construct the study’s cinematic archive.

The MLE Teacher: An Agent of Change or a Cog in the Wheel?

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Urmishree Bedamatta
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Eastern State ◽  
Multilingual Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agent Of Change

This article examines the role of the multilingual education (MLE) teacher in the mother tongue-based MLE program for the Juangas, a tribe in Odisha, an eastern state of India, and is part of a broader study of the MLE program in the state. For the specific purpose of this article, I have adopted Welmond's (2002) three-step process: identifying culture-specific knowledge about the role of a teacher; examining the state's education objectives that influence teachers’ behaviour and experiences; and focusing on the behaviour and experience of teachers at the local level. These three steps constantly merged into one another during the examination of the subject under discussion. The paper recognises that the MLE teachers are not only first-generation teachers, but also first-generation practitioners of MLE, and therefore need to be resourceful and experimental in their classroom practices. However, given the national imperative to achieve universal elementary education by 2015, within the para-teacher framework adopted by the Government of India, the MLE teacher seems to be just a means to an end.

Comparison of Cognitive Performance Between Two Generations of Immigrant School-Aged Children: Child Development Change Over Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-140
Author(s):  
Sandra Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Primary And Secondary Education ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Development Change ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Difference

The objective of this research is to comparatively analyze the performance of two generations of children (as first generation of immigrants) attending primary and secondary education in different geographical areas, evaluated in different decades but with equivalent age brackets. Two samples of 169 immigrant school populations in Portugal, with fair immigration criteria, were evaluated for the same verbal reasoning and auditory discrimination tasks in different periods (cohort 1—2001–2009 and cohort 2—2013–2017). The aim is to verify if age remains a differentiating variable of the performance and acuity, as maintained by the critical period hypothesis. That performance referring to two samples evaluated in second language decoding tasks, in different periods. Additionally, to evaluate the emergence of other factors that explain proficiency, cognitive and linguistic discrimination behaviors of two generations of immigrant students in Portugal. The results contribute to a new direction in the analysis and intervention for school groups that are highly diverse in terms of mother tongue and nationalities. The data point to a greater divergence of performance and difficulties not according only to the disparity of ages, but considering the nationality (country of origin and respective educational system). It is also clear, despite just the difference of a decade, how subjects are changing their immigration routes and their cognitive and social development.

scholarly journals Preparation of new textbooks for Azerbaijan primary schools in the years of 1920-1931

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3 (136)) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Aytakin Mammadova
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
National Language ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Methods Textbooks ◽  
Latin Script ◽  
Solution Methods

The proclaming of the Azerbaijani language as the main language was one of the most important changes in the reform of new schools in Azerbaijan in the 1920s. Preparation of textbooks in the native language for primary schools has become one of the actual issues. The development of national culture depended on the application level of the mother tongue. The purpose of the research is to study preparation of new textbooks for Azerbaijan primary schools in the years of 1920-1931. It was not possible to develop national schools without creating textbooks and additional teaching resources in the national language. It was difficult to develop new textbooks in all subjects for all groups (classes) in a short period. There were various reasons of the difficulties: 1) lack of professionals and teaching staff for designing textbooks in all subjects; 2) lack of scientific terminology in Biology, Physics, Mathematics other subjects; 3) lack of experience in the field of printing and publishing issues; 4) lack of professional translators; 5) the Arabic alphabet which hinders cultural progress, etc. The article identifies the nature of these difficulties and analyzes the solution methods. Textbooks for primary schools based on the new Turkish alphabet (Latin script) are analyzed in the article. In 1922, the New Turkish Alphabet Committee was established under the Central Excutive Commission (CEC) of Azerbaijan. Then Jalil Mammadzadeh, Mammadagha Shahtakhtli and others were also appointed to the committee. The committee organized its activities in three directions: 1) editorial and publishing department; 2) training and science department; 3) organizational department. As a result, a lot of issues regarding the compatibility of the new Latin alphabet with our language, harmony, and pronunciation were discussed; and finally, on July 22, 1922, it was decided to switch from the Arabic alphabet into the new Latin alphabet.

A Chinese Australian family’s language use and attitudes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
Bo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Family Communication ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Family Language

Abstract This paper presents a qualitative case study of a Chinese Australian family’s multilingual experiences in Melbourne. Couched in the framework of family language policy, I examine language shift patterns and mother tongue attitudes and analyse reasons and consequences. The findings show that the first generation uses Mandarin for general family communication, while relegating regional Chinese to functions that are, typically, private and familial and for use with older generations. The second generation uses English the most. While their Mandarin use is enhanced through community-based schooling and can be activated depending on the communicative environment, regional Chinese does not play an active role. This nested, hierarchical ecology of language shift with two dominant language constellations causes parental confusion about the children’s mother tongue and problematises grandparent-grandchild communication with a possible decrease of family intimacy.

Makavejev, Dušan (1932–)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Leskosky
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Found Footage ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Artistic Freedom ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Stage Play ◽  
Sexual Repression

Dušan Makavejev is an avant-garde Marxist Serbian filmmaker whose film techniques, exuberant black humour, and sexual and political transgressive themes made him one of the most radical directors of the European New Wave during the 1960s and 1970s. Born in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Belgrade, Serbia), he was a member of the first generation of anti-Stalinist communists, and he studied psychology at Belgrade University (where he began making short films). While some of Makavejev’s documentary shorts and a 1962 stage-play were politically suppressed, he was nonetheless permitted to advance into feature production. Along with his earlier writings and shorts, his first feature, Čovek nije tica [Man Is Not a Bird] (1965), established him as a leader in the novi film [new film] movement, which championed artistic freedom and experimentation within a Marxist context. Makavejev’s films were characterised by violent outcomes of sexual repression, outrageous humour, variety/carnival acts, satires of both western capitalism and Soviet authoritarianism, surreal images, a philosophy linking sexuality with politics, and a multi-layered mixture of styles and forms which included documentary, found footage, and clips from older features.

The Voices of Maghrebi Migrant Women in French Téléfilms

2016 ◽  
pp. 103-142
Author(s):  
Leslie Kealhofer-Kemp
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
European Cinema

This chapter considers the theme of agency in French téléfilms featuring first-generation women that were broadcast between 1993 and 2012. These include Yamina Benguigui’s Aïcha series and films by Philippe Faucon, Rachid Bouchareb, and Malik Chibane. The chapter first outlines the specificity of French téléfilms and gives and overview of the representations of first-generation women on French television more broadly. Then, it considers the extent to which Maghrebi women appear to achieve agency in French téléfilms and identifies factors that constitute barriers to agency. When taken together, these films present a vision of agency that is to a very large extent equated with behaving in a ‘Westernized’ fashion, conforming to norms of individualism dominant in France, whereas an absence of agency is associated with the perpetuation of traditions associated with the country of origin that are portrayed as patriarchal and oppressive to women. The families of the first-generation women in these films play a prominent role in the respective narratives and impact the treatment of the question of agency, and the readings of these films are supported by Berghahn’s work on ‘diasporic families’ in contemporary European cinema.

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