The Interaction of Field Dependence/Independence and the Level of Guidance of Mathematics Instruction

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verna M. Adams ◽  
Douglas B. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Teachers ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Retention Test ◽  
Mathematics Instruction ◽  
Mathematical Achievement ◽  
Prospective Elementary Teachers ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the cognitive style variable of field dependence/independence and instructional treatments was investigated using high or low guidance in a unit on networks. The 97 prospective elementary teachers were tested on cognitive style (using the Group Embedded Figures Test) and on mathematical achievement (a measure of crystallized ability), and randomly assigned to treatments. Following instruction, students were tested for immediate achievement and then retested 5 weeks later. There were no interactions with field dependence/independence, but there was a significant (p < .05) interaction with crystallized ability on the retention test.

Use of the Group Embedded Figures Test with Children

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Thompson ◽  
Murray M. Pitts ◽  
Joan P. Gipe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test

Extensive previous research suggests that the cognitive style of field-independence/field-dependence has important implications for teaching and guidance. However, studies of the validity of group-administered measures which can be used with younger children are limited. The present study assessed the feasibility of using a widely recognized style measure, the Group Embedded Figures Test, with 45 fourth-, 42 fifth-, and 42 sixth-graders. The results were generally favorable with respect to the test's applicability to these age groups.

Field Dependence-Independence and the Discrimination of Musical Parts

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Significant Variance ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Music And Gender ◽  
Main Effects

The association of the cognitive style known as field dependence–independence and 168 subjects' correct detection of the number of parts in 24 musical items was investigated. Each item was arranged in one of three textures. With the effects of general mental ability, experience in music, and gender held constant, scores on the Group Embedded Figures Test explained significant variance in discrimination (7.5%). Factorial analysis showed significant main effects for cognitive-style groups, number of parts, and texture. The interaction between the effects of part and texture was also significant. In some cases an individual's cognitive style may influence perception of “what's going on” in music.

scholarly journals (Ne)závislosť na poli: kognitívny štýl či schopnosť?

TESTFÓRUM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Lenka Krajčíková
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Valid Method ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Definition Of

Predkladaný krátky článok pojednáva o testovaní kognitívneho štýlu závislosti/nezávislosti na poli podľa Witkina. Tento kognitívny štýl popísaný v 50. rokoch bol v niekoľkých posledných dekádach vystavený kritike, ktorá sa na jednej strane týka samotnej definície kognitívneho štýlu, na strane druhej i metód, ktoré sú k testovaniu tohto štýlu používané. V práci sa čitateľ dozvie ako o metódach testovania závislosti/nezávislosti na poli tak o kritike tohto konceptu. Hlavným zámerom článku je poskytnúť historický exkurz do testovania kognitívneho štýlu závislosti/nezávislosti na poli pomocou testu k tomu pôvodne určenému (Embedded Figures Test). Čitateľ sa dozvie o nejednoznačnosti použitia testu EFT a pochybnostiach o tom, že skutočne testuje spomínaný kognitívny štýl. Test samotný bude predstavený v novom svetle potenciálne zaujímavého nástoja na testovanie priestorovej kognitívnej schopnosti či všeobecnej inteligencie, čo je však nutné ďalším výskumom objasniť. Presented short paper deals with testing of cognitive style of field dependence/independence by Herman Witkin. This cognitive style described in fifties was wildly criticized in last couple of decades. The criticism was aimed towards the definition of a cognitive style and also towards methods evaluating and testing this so called cognitive style. The paper describes various methods of testing this style and provides brief overview of a criticism of the concept. The main goal of this paper is to provide a historical overview of testing cognitive style of field dependence/independence and to evaluate test created for that purpose (Embedded Figures Test). The reader will find out that EFT is not a completely valid method of testing cognitive style mentioned above and there are some doubts about what this test is really measuring. EFT will be introduced from a slightly different angle, as an interesting method of testing spatial cognitive ability or general intelligence, but these new options of use of EFT require further research. 

Effects of Muscle Tone and Changes in Autonomic Balance on Cognitive Style

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 916-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vezio Ruggieri ◽  
Pia Mazza
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Body Experience ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group

To study the relationship between cognitive style and psychophysiological variables, the Embedded Figures Test of Witkin was given to an experimental group of 25 students and to a matched control group. The experimental group was then submitted for 3 mo. to the exercises of Schultz's autogenic training. The control group had no treatment on the embedded figures. Retest showed for both groups an improvement toward greater field-independence. However, improvement was significantly greater for the trained group than for the control group. These results support the view that the cognitive style is partially dependent on the psychophysiological information in the body, in such way that changes in body-experience may modify some aspects of cognitive style.

Cognitive Style and Perspective Reversal

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vezio Ruggieri ◽  
Alberto Cei ◽  
Chiara Bergerone ◽  
Antonia Guerrera
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Undergraduate Female ◽  
The Relationship

In this study we examined the relationship between the cognitive style and the perspective reversal of 41 undergraduate female students in psychology. The number of reversals of the Schröder Staircase under instructions to hold is negatively correlated with Embedded Figures Test scores.

Performance of Soccer Players on Tests of Field Dependence/Independence and Soccer-Specific Decision-Making Tests

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry McMorris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the performance of male amateur soccer players on tests of field dependence/independence and soccer-specific decision-making tests. The relationships between the participants' ( N=14) accuracy, and speed of decision, on simple and complex soccer decisionmaking tests; scores on Parts B or C of the Group Embedded Figures Test under normal conditions; scores on Parts B or C of the Group Embedded Figures Test when timed; and time taken to complete the timed condition of the Group Embedded Figures Test were examined. There were no significant correlations between performance on the soccer specific tests and the tests of field dependence/independence.

Field-Dependence and Voluntary Control of EEG Alpha Rhythm

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Tutone
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Biofeedback Training ◽  
Feedback Group ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Eeg Alpha ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of Witkin's dimension of field-dependence to the ability voluntarily to enhance the EEG alpha rhythm was investigated. Field-dependence was assessed by latencies on the Embedded-figures Test. To replicate the finding that feedback of one's alpha rhythm leads to self-regulation of its production, 21 male undergraduates were randomly divided into 2 groups, one receiving alpha biofeedback training for 1 hr., the other group resting under similar conditions but given different instructions and no feedback. Ss in the feedback group were given the embedded-figures 1 wk. prior to training. After training, Ss demonstrated more alpha than controls ( p < .05), with percentage alpha produced being negatively related to EFT latencies ( p < .05). Data show ability to differentiate environmental cues generalized to internal cues.

Intuition, Cognitive Style, and Hemispheric Processing

1985 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverlie Fallik ◽  
John Eliot
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Cognitive Organization ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Group Embedded Figures Test ◽  
And Gender

200 undergraduate volunteers were administered Westcott's Test of Intuitive Ability, Witkin's Group Embedded Figures Test, Paivio's Revised Individual Differences Questionnaire, and visual and aural dominance measures using a three-field tachistoscope and dichotic listening device, respectively. Field dependence was consistently related to poorer intuitive performance. No sex-related differences were found on intuition, embedded figures, Paivio's questionnaire, or dominance scores although the amount of intuition explained by cognitive style and dominance differed by hand and gender. Visual-verbal style was not associated with dominance while the relation of field dependence-independence and dominance was inconsistent. Neither dominance nor visual-verbal style was consistently related to intuition although complicated associations were indicated by hand and sex, suggesting differences in cognitive organization.

Haptic Lateralization, Field Dependence, and Sex

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm L. Van Blerkom
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
The Relationship

This study was designed to examine the relationship between lateralization and field dependence-independence. Through prior screening, 48 right-handed college students (24 men and 24 women) were identified as either field dependent or field independent on the Embedded Figures Test. Using a unilateral haptic task, field-independent men were more lateralized than field-dependent men. No such differences were found for women. These results are discussed in relation to Witkin's theory of psychological differentiation. Possible differences between men and women are also discussed.

Cognitive Style and Sending and Receiving of Facial Cues

1979 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Sabatelli ◽  
Albert S. Dreyer ◽  
Ross Buck
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures

Sending and receiving accuracy of nonverbal facial cues was assessed in 17 dating but non-cohabiting college couples. Field-dependence/field-independence of each person was measured using the Embedded-figures Test. There were no relationships between several measures of receiving accuracy and cognitive style. However, field-dependent individuals were better senders of facial expressions. This finding is consistent with the literature on verbal self-disclosure and with other recent studies of accuracy of nonverbal sending.

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