Glyphosate tolerant and insect resistant transgenic Bt maize efficacy against shoot borer, cob borer and non-target insect pests

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Sushilkumar ◽  
M.S. Raghuvanshi ◽  
Anil Dixit ◽  
V.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Cob Borer ◽  
Insect Resistant

Identification of major insect pests of Amaranthus spp. and germplasm screening for insect resistance in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Smith ◽  
Fekadu F. Dinssa ◽  
Robert S. Anderson ◽  
Fu-cheng Su ◽  
Ramasamy Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Germplasm Screening ◽  
Lepidopteran Pests ◽  
The World ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Screening Trial ◽  
Insect Resistant

AbstractVegetable and grain amaranths represent a vital source of micronutrients and protein in Asia and Africa. However, various foliar lepidopteran pests and stem-mining weevils hinder amaranth production. Insect-resistant cultivars can enhance the productivity of this crop. Here, we report on the performances of amaranth varieties screened for their resistance to insect pests under the field conditions at The World Vegetable Center stations in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted two preliminary screening trials with a total of 263 entries from around the world in Taiwan and a third preliminary screening trial with 49 African-indigenous entries in Tanzania. Promising entries from these preliminary trials were collectively evaluated in an advanced screening trial in Tanzania, to identify lines resistant to foliar and stem-boring pests in East Africa. Four entries exhibited moderate resistance to foliar pests: TZ51 and TZ53 (Amaranthus cruentus), TZ34 (A. dubius) and TZ39 (Amaranthus sp.). Five entries showed moderate resistance to stem weevils: TZ06 and TZ27 (A. cruentus), TZ52 (A. graecizans), TZ59 (A. palmeri) and TZ07 (Amaranthus sp.). Lepidopteran pests affecting leaves were reared to adulthood and identified as Spoladea recurvalis (Crambidae), Spodoptera exigua (Noctuidae) and Spodoptera littoralis (Noctuidae). Stem weevil larvae were also reared and identified as: Neocleonus sannio Herbst, Gasteroclisus pr. rhomboidalis Boheman, Hypolixus pr. haerens Boheman and Baradine sp. (Curculionidae). These results highlight key amaranth pests in East Africa and identify insect-resistant entries that will be useful in breeding programmes and resistance studies.

Impact of insect-resistant transgenic rice on target insect pests and non-target arthropods in China

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAO CHEN ◽  
JIAN-ZHOU ZHAO ◽  
GONG-YIN YE ◽  
QIANG FU ◽  
ANTHONY M. SHELTON
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Resistant

scholarly journals Water in maize whorl enhances the control of Spodoptera frugiperda with insecticides

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Bialozor ◽  
Clérison Régis Perini ◽  
Jonas André Arnemann ◽  
Henrique Pozebon ◽  
Adriano Arrué Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is among the main insect-pests on maize crops, due to its damaging potential and control issues related to the larval habit of concealing itself within the plant whorl. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water in the maize whorl, combined with insecticides and spray sets, on the damage caused by S. frugiperda and the grain yield. The experiments were carried out under field conditions, at two cropping seasons, both with Bt-maize hybrids, in a 2 × 2 × 5 + 1 factorial scheme, testing the presence or absence of water inside the plant whorl, two insecticides and five spray sets (combinations of spray volumes, nozzle types, pressures and spraying speed), plus a control without water and insecticide. The presence of water inside the whorl reduced the damage caused by S. frugiperda during the early growth stages, especially in the plants sprayed with the insecticide chlorantraniliprole. The spray sets with 200 L ha1/20.3 psi or 250 L ha1/33.4 psi provided the highest reductions in the percentage of damaged plants and damage scores, regardless of the insecticide. Therefore, the spraying of insecticides, when there is water from irrigation, dew or rainfall inside the maize whorl, improves the control of S. frugiperda in maize crops, especially in Bt-maize.

scholarly journals Efficient Transformation of Catalpa bungei Shows Crystal Genes Conferring Resistance to the Shoot Borer Omphisa plagialis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenni Lv ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Enliang Zhang ◽  
Lingling Ma ◽  
Lulu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Catalpa Bungei ◽  
Insect Resistant

Although Catalpa bungei is a forest plant with considerable economic and ornamental value in China, its wood and decorative qualities are constrained by insect pests such as the shoot borer Omphisa plagialis (Lepidoptera). Overexpressing insect resistance genes such as crystal genes to develop an insect-resistant variety of C. bungei is an environmental and ecological approach. However, genotype limitations and low regeneration rates of embryogenic calli (EC) inhibit the development of transformation and the insect-resistant gene expression system in C. bungei. Here, we first established embryogenic callus induction and regeneration systems of five genotypes using mature seed and stem segment explants; the highest induction and regeneration rates of EC were 39.89 and 100%, respectively. Next, an efficient and stable Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system was developed from EC and its positive frequency was up to 92.31%. Finally, using the transformation system, 15 and 22 transgenic C. bungei lines that expressed Cry2A and Cry9Aa-like were generated, respectively. These transgenic lines that exhibited significantly higher resistance to O. plagialis in the laboratory and field have great promise for meeting the challenge of future pest management under changing climatic conditions. Additionally, this efficient, fast, and stable transformation system could be a potential tool for gene function analysis and forest tree genetic improvement.

scholarly journals Insect-resistant Bt-maize response to the short-term non-target mite-pest infestation and soil drought

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2705-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Świątek ◽  
Małgorzata Kiełkiewicz ◽  
Barbara Zagdańska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Drought ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Maize Response ◽  
Insect Resistant

scholarly journals Evaluation of Insecticides for the Management of Litchi Fruit and Shoot Borer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Sudeep Kumar Upadhyay ◽  
Sunil Aryal ◽  
Bikash Bhusal ◽  
Bedanand Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Severe Loss ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
The One ◽  
Litchi Fruit

Litchi is an important subtropical evergreen fruit crop grown in Nepal, which have high nutritive value and refreshing taste. The Litchi growers are experiencing severe loss every year with the damage caused by several insect pests. Among them fruit and shoot borer Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is the one of the important insect pest. Experiments were conducted at RARS Tarahara on existing litchi orchard in RCBD design with four replication and five insecticides (Azadiractin, Chlorantraniliprole, Flubendiamide, Lambda cyhalothrin, and Dimethoate) with recommended doses in litchi orchard against C. sinensis during 2015 and 2016 AD to find out the efficient one. Among the tested insecticide chlorantraniliprole (18.5% w/w SC) and flubendiamide (39.35% m/m SC) each were found to be most efficient against C. sinensis and could be applied at the rate of 1 ml per 3 liter of water when fruit size was about pea and applied 3 times with 10 days interval.  This result suggested that these two insecticides could be used for the management for C. sinensis. Farmers may reduce the losses and increase their income with the application of these insecticides

scholarly journals The impact of Bacillus thuringiensis technology on the occurrence of fumonisins and other mycotoxins in maize

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Díaz-Gómez ◽  
S. Marín ◽  
T. Capell ◽  
V. Sanchis ◽  
A.J. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Bt Maize ◽  
Cry1ab Protein ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
The Impact

In many developing countries, maize is both a staple food crop and a widely-used animal feed. However, adventitious colonisation or damage caused by insect pests allows fungi to penetrate the vegetative parts of the plant and the kernels, the latter resulting in mycotoxin contamination. Maize seeds contaminated with fumonisins and other mycotoxins pose a serious threat to both humans and livestock. However, numerous studies have reported a significant reduction in pest damage, disease symptoms and fumonisin levels in maize hybrids expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene cry1Ab, particularly in areas where the European corn borer is prevalent. When other pests are also present, the cry1Ab gene alone offers insufficient protection, and combinations of insecticidal genes are required to reduce damage to plants caused by insects. The combination of Cry1Ab protein with other Cry proteins (such as Cry1F) or Vip proteins has reduced the incidence of pests and, indirectly, mycotoxin levels. Maize hybrids expressing multiple Bt genes, such as SmartStax®, are less susceptible to damage by insects, but mycotoxin levels are not routinely and consistently compared in these crops. Bt maize has a greater economic impact on Fusarium toxins than aflatoxins. The main factors that determine the effectiveness of Bt hybrids are the type of pest and the environmental conditions, but the different fungal infection pathways must also be considered. An alternative strategy to reduce mycotoxin levels in crops is the development of transgenic plants expressing genes that protect against fungal infection or reduce mycotoxin levels by in situ detoxification. In this review article, we summarise what is known about the relationship between the cultivation of Bt maize hybrids and contamination levels with different types of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Development of marker-free transgenic pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) expressing a pod borer insecticidal protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehasish Sarkar ◽  
Souri Roy ◽  
Sudip K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Selectable Marker Genes ◽  
Insect Resistant

AbstractPigeon pea, a grain legume of the semiarid tropics, is a rich source of high-quality protein. The productivity of this pulse is seriously affected by lepidopteron insect pests. To generate a sustainable insect-resistant plant, synthetically prepared bioactive key constituents of a crystal protein (Syn Cry1Ab) of Bacillus thuringiensis were expressed in pigeon pea under the guidance of a tissue-specific promoter of the RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS) gene. Regenerated transgenic plants with the cry1Ab expression cassette (cry1Ab-lox-bar-lox) showed the optimum insect motility rate (90%) in an in vitro insect bioassay with second instar larvae, signifying the insecticidal potency of Syn Cry1Ab. In parallel, another plant line was also generated with a chimaeric vector harbouring a cre recombinase gene under the control of the CaMV 2 × 35S promoter. Crossing between T1 plants with a single insertion of cry1Ab-lox-bar-lox T-DNA and T1 plants with moderate expression of a cre gene with a linked hygromycin resistance (hptII) gene was performed to exclude the bialaphos resistance (bar) marker gene. Excision of the bar gene was achieved in T1F1 hybrids, with up to 35.71% recombination frequency. Insect-resistant pigeon pea plants devoid of selectable marker genes (syn Cry1Ab- bar and cre-hptII) were established in a consecutive generation (T1F2) through genetic segregation.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and potash on Early shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus Snellen) incidence in differently maturing varieties of sugarcane

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Robin Singh ◽  
Dilbagh Ahlawat ◽  
S.S. Yadav ◽  
Kanika Nagpal ◽  
Ankur Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Chilo Infuscatellus ◽  
Shoot Borer ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Selection Of

It has been argued that fertilization may influence the susceptibility of insect pests, and thus, can increase the crop production by lowering the incidence of insect-pest. Here, the present investigation was carried out to study the influence of nitrogen and potash levels on the incidence of early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen in sugarcane varieties at Regional Research Station CCSHAU Uchani farm, Karnal. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with three differently maturing varieties viz., Co 0238, CoH 119 and CoH 150 as main plot, three doses of nitrogen viz., 150, 200 and 250 kg per hectare (kg/ha) as sub plot and two doses of potash viz., 0 and 50 (kg/ha) as sub-sub plot. The early shoot borer mean per cent incidence recorded in April, May and June, 2015 was highest (7.68, 12.19 and 6.35, respectively) in Co 0238 while, lowest (5.16, 8.51 and 5.40, respectively) in CoH 119 followed by CoH 150 (6.29, 8.79 and 5.43, respectively). In relation to nitrogen application, maximum mean per cent incidence (7.12, 11.19 and 6.48, respectively) in April, May and June, 2015 of early shoot borer was recorded at 250 kg N/ha and the minimum (5.68, 8.57 and 5.23, respectively) at 150 kg N/ha. Application of potassium significantly reduced the shoot borer infestation with mean per cent incidence lower at 50 kg K2O/ha (5.90, 9.24 and 5.33, respectively) in April, May and June, 2015 compared to control i.e., no application of potassium (6.85, 10.42 and 6.12, respectively). Results revealed that application of potassium with optimum dose of nitrogenous fertilizer along with selection of suitable variety acted as preventive measures to avoid shoot borer infestation.

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