Under Nutrition and Childhood Mortality: A Public Health Problem among Rural Under Five Children of South Karnataka, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Nanjunda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Under Nutrition

scholarly journals Pneumonia remains a leading public health problem among under-five children in peri-urban areas of north-eastern Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0235818
Author(s):  
Awoke Keleb ◽  
Tadesse Sisay ◽  
Kassahun Alemu ◽  
Ayechew Ademas ◽  
Mistir Lingerew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
North Eastern

scholarly journals Socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pintu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background Globally, diarrhoea is a second leading cause of deaths among under-five children and is a major public health problem. Despite several health care initiatives, a large proportion of under-five children are still experienced diarrhoeal diseases causes high mortality in India. This study aims to examine the socio-demographic and environmental factors of diarrhoea among children under-five in India.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed using the recent round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), conducted in 2015-16. A total of living children below 5 years of age were utilized for the analysis of this study. Bi-variate and multivariate logistic regression were carried out to investigate the factors of childhood diarrhoea.Results In India, about 9% under-five children experience diarrhoeal disease in the past 2 weeks. Children from rural areas (AOR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09), Scheduled Tribe (AOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.89) and others caste (AOR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.97), Muslim (AOR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.24), and from central (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.52, 1.70) and west region (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15) were significantly associated with higher likelihood of diarrhoea in past 2 weeks. Furthermore, this study also revealed that child’s stool disposal (AOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.09), floor materials (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12) and roof materials (AOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) of the household were found to be significant factors of childhood diarrhoea occurrence.Conclusions Diarrhoeal disease remains a serious public health problem in India. The findings of this study suggest strengthening of existing health care programs. Policy intervention should also address socio-economic vulnerabilities of mothers and children to combat the incidence of diarrhoea. In addition, provisioning of sanitation and housing facilities may help positively to control diarrhoeal disease that could eventually reduce the incidence of child mortality.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia and associated risk factor among under-five children in Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getahun Megersa Alemu ◽  
Shimelis Teshome Ayalneh ◽  
Bekele Gutema Waye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Abstract Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood or both which results in a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen. According to a 2008 WHO report indicate that more than half of the world’s preschool-age children (56.3%) reside in countries where anemia is a severe public health problem. In sub-Saharan Africa, it is a severe public health problem among preschool-age children. In this region, much of the national prevalence is estimated to be above 40% among this age group. In Ethiopia, more than 44% of under-five children are anemic. Furthermore, a 2016 report national-level indicates even there was intervention the prevalence increased significantly to 72.3%. It means that the prevalence of anemia is still at the highest public health problem in Ethiopia. The Objectives of the study is to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among under-five children attending the pediatrics outpatient department in Asella teaching and referral Hospital from June 2018 to October 30, 2018. An Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted by non-probability convenience sampling technique; 338 children were selected. The results of the study showed that the overall prevalence of anemia among under-five children was 36.7%, around 21(6.2%) of them were found to be severely anemic, whereas 37 (10.9%) were moderately anemic. Factors like child’s age [AOR=2.36, 95%CI (1.18, 3.74)] and birth intervals [AOR=3.31, 95%CI (1.17, 3.6)], were associated with anemia. Anemia remains a common health problem in the study area among under-five children and further studies are needed to focus on etiologies and interventions.

scholarly journals Magnitude, Severity, and Associated Factors of Anemia among Under-Five Children Attending Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia, 2016

Anemia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yeshimebet Gebereselassie ◽  
Mesganaw BirhanSelassie ◽  
Tadesse Menjetta ◽  
Jemal Alemu ◽  
Aster Tsegaye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Hawassa University ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background. Anemia is a widespread public health problem associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Infants, under-5-year-old children, and pregnant women have greater susceptibility to anemia. The magnitude and associated risk factors for anemia vary in different settings. The study aimed to assess the magnitude, severity, and associated factors of anemia at Hawassa University Teaching and Referral hospital, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. Methods. In a hospital-based cross-sectional study, a total of 422 under-five children were included. Sociodemographic data and other predisposing factors were collected by structured questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for hemoglobin determination using a Cell-Dyn 1800 automated analyzer. Stool samples were collected and processed using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration method to detect intestinal parasites. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical packages. Binary and multiple logistic regressions were computed to assess factors associated with anemia. p value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result. The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 41.7%. The mean hemoglobin level was 10.59 g/dl. Anemia was of mild, moderate, and severe type in 6.6%, 19%, and 16.1% of the children, respectively. Children in the age group 6–23 months (AOR = 2.04 (95% CI: 1.13, 3.69)), and mothers having no formal education (AOR = 1.73 (95% CI: 0.99, 3.02)) were identified as associated factors for anemia. Conclusion. The prevalence of anemia among the study subjects was 41.7% indicative of the fact that anemia is an important public health problem. It was associated with the child’s age, residence, mother’s education level, and intestinal parasite (Ascaris lumbricoides). It clearly indicates that there should be well integrated public health interventions to improve the health status that needs to be prioritized to prevent anemia among children under five years of age.

scholarly journals Reproductive and Obstetric Factors Are Key Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Ethiopia: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey (2011)

Anemia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taddese Alemu ◽  
Melaku Umeta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Under Five ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy

Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide. In Ethiopia, a nationally representative and consistent evidence is lacking on the prevalence and determinants during pregnancy. We conducted an in-depth analysis of demographic and health survey for the year 2011 which is a representative data collected from all regions in Ethiopia. Considering maternal anemia as an outcome variable, predicting variables from sociodemographic, household, and reproductive/obstetric characteristics were identified for analyses. Logistic regression model was applied to identify predictors atP<0.05. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 23%. Maternal age, region, pregnancy trimester, number of under five children, previous history of abortion (termination of pregnancy), breastfeeding practices, and number of antenatal care visits were key independent predictors of anemia during pregnancy. In conclusion, the level of anemia during pregnancy is a moderate public health problem in Ethiopia. Yet, special preventive measures should be undertaken for pregnant women who are older in age and having too many under five children and previous history of abortion. Further evidence is expected to be generated concerning why pregnant mothers from the eastern part of the country and those with better access to radio disproportionately develop anemia more than their counterparts.

scholarly journals The effect of productive SafetyNet program on wasting among under-five children in the rural community of South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melaku Tadege Engidaw ◽  
Alemayehu Digssie Gebremariam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Under Five ◽  
South Gondar

Abstract Background Undernutrition is a significant public health problem in a developing country like Ethiopia. Even if the cause of malnutrition is multifactorial, it is mainly related to socioeconomical, political, and health-related problems. All these problems will lead to more severe nutrient deficiencies among households without assets. The Productive SafetyNet program is implemented for beneficiaries in the rural community to prevent household assets depletion. So, this study aimed to assess the effect of a Productive SafetyNet program on wasting among under-five children in the rural community of South Gondar Zone. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was done among 803 children paired with their mother/caregivers. Particepnts were selected by a simple random sampling technique. The data were collected by using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. AnthroPlus software was used to analyse anthropometric data. The data entry employed by EpiInfo version 7.0 software for Windows. Then, the data exported to SPSS version 20.0 to carryout further statistical analysis. The anthropometric index (weight for height) was constructed to determine wasting. Both binary and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify associated factors. Finally, P-Value ≤0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results In this study, the response rate was 95.76%. Of the total participants, 195(25.36%) children were from SafetyNet program beneficiaries. The overall prevalence of wasting was 29.9% (95% CI: 26.6, 33.2%). More than One-fourth of the children from SafetyNet beneficiary households were wasted. While considering all other variables constant, Productive SafetyNet Program reduce wasting by 46% (COR = 0.54. 95% CI (0.37, 0.79)). Wasting were significantly associated with marital status (divorced and/or separated: AOR = 3.33, 95% CI (1.71, 6.45)), being on the SafetyNet program (AOR: 0.63, 95% CI (0.40, 0.99)), family size (AOR = 0.13, 95% CI (0.09, 0.21)), father educational status (AOR: 0.25, 95% CI (0.09, 0.66)), age of the child (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI (0.33, 0.77)), and child dietary diversity score (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI (1.67, 5.35)). Conclusion Wasting was a severe public health problem. In this study, the Productive SafetyNet Program reduce wasting significantly. Marital status, SafetyNet program status, family size, father educational status, age of the child, and dietary diversity were factors associated with wasting among children. Early detection of household asset depletion and SafetyNet program implementation is vital with the usual nutritional assessment and counseling.

scholarly journals Water, sanitation, and hygiene as a priority intervention for stunting in under-five children in northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayechew Ademas ◽  
Metadel Adane ◽  
Awoke Keleb ◽  
Gete Berihun ◽  
Getu Tesfaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Abstract Background Stunting was a significant public health problem for under-five in developing countries including Ethiopia. Globally, it was estimated 21.9% or 149 million (81.7 million in Asia and 58.8 million in Africa) under-five children stunted in 2018. In East Africa, 24 million are stunted which is the highest-burden from African regions. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting and its association with Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in northwestern Ethiopia. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 630 participants from December to mid-January 2019. From five kebeles, two were selected by a simple random sampling technique for the study. To reach study participants a systematic sampling technique was used. Data were collected by using an observational checklist, pretested questionnaire, and anthropometric measurement. Anthropometric indicator, height-for-age was determined using the current World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was computed to analyze the data. From the multivariable analysis the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and P-value < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Result The prevalence of stunting among under-five children was 35.6% (95%CI; 31.9–39.5%). The result from this study showed that having illiterate father and mother, give birth before marriage (single), large family size, short maternal height, unimproved drinking water source, unimproved sanitation, poor hygienic practice, having diarrhea in the previous 2 weeks before the data collection, method of child feeding, age at which complementary feeding started, frequency of feeding, not deworming and mothers who had antenatal care visit of fewer than three times were statistically associated with stunting. Conclusion In this study, stunting was an important public health problem among under-five children. It remains the same as the national average prevalence of Ethiopia. To alleviate this problem proper family planning utilization, good dietary intake, maternal and paternal education, and WASH interventions are critical.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among children under five years of age in Rombo district, Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1102
Author(s):  
Innocent B. Mboya ◽  
Redempta Mamseri ◽  
Beatrice J. Leyaro ◽  
Johnston George ◽  
Sia E. Msuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Kilimanjaro Region ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background:  Anemia is a severe public health problem affecting more than half of children under five years of age in low-, middle- and high-income countries. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among children under five years of age in northern Tanzania. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Rombo district, Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania in April 2016. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a total of 602 consenting mothers and their children aged 6-59 months and interviewed using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Stata version 15.1. We used generalized linear models (binomial family and logit link function) with robust variance estimator to determine factors associated with anemia. Results: Prevalence of anemia was 37.9%, and it was significantly higher among children aged 6-23 months (48.3%) compared to those aged 24-59 months (28.5%). There were no significant differences in anemia prevalence by sex of the child. Adjusted for other factors, children aged 6-23 months had over two times higher odds of being anemic (OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.71, 3.49, p<0.001) compared to those aged 24-59 months. No significant association was found between maternal and nutritional characteristics with anemia among children in this study. Conclusion: Prevalence of anemia was lower than the national and regional prevalence but it still constitutes a significant public health problem, especially among children aged 6-23 months. Interventions such as iron supplementation, food fortification and dietary diversification and management of childhood illnesses in this setting should be targeted towards mothers and children less than two years.

scholarly journals Proximate and socio-economic determinants of under-five mortality in Benin, 2017/2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. e002761
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
Eugene Kofuor Maafo Darteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Risk Of Death

BackgroundGlobally, under-five mortality has declined significantly, but still remains a critical public health problem in sub-Saharan African countries such as Benin. Yet, there is no empirical information in the country using a nationally representative data to explain this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to examine how proximate and socio-economic factors are associated with mortality in under-five children in Benin.MethodsWe analysed data of 5977 under-five children using the 2017 to 2018 Benin Demographic and Health Surveys. Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression modelling technique was applied to investigate the factors associated with under-five mortality. The fit of the models were assessed using variance inflation factor and Pseudo R2. Results were reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs). All comparisons were considered to be statistically significant at p<0.05.ResultsThe study revealed an under-five mortality rate of 96 deaths per 1000 live births in Benin. Regarding the socio-economic determinants, the risk of death was found to be higher in children born in the Plateau region (aOR=3.05; 95% CI: 1.29 to 7.64), in rural areas (aOR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.98) and children with ≥4 birth rank and >2 years of birth interval (aOR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.17). Among the proximate determinants, we found the probability of death to be higher in children whose mothers had no postnatal check-up (PNC) visits after delivery (aOR=1.79; 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.63), but there was no significant association between individual-level/household-level factors and under-five mortality.ConclusionThis study has established that socio-economic and proximate factors are important determinants of under-five mortality in Benin. Our findings have shown the need to implement both socio-economic and proximate interventions, particularly those related to PNC visits when planning on under-five mortality. To achieve this, a comprehensive, long-term public health interventions, which consider the disparity in the access and utilisation of healthcare services in Benin are key.

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