scholarly journals The naturalized nation: Anchoring, objectification and naturalized social representations of history

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 646-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eemeli Hakoköngäs ◽  
Inari Sakki
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Social Representations Theory ◽  
Visual Element ◽  
Meaning System ◽  
History Books

This study focuses on the connection between social representations of history and collective memory from the perspective of elementary concepts of social representations theory: anchoring, objectification and naturalization. The aims of the study are to arrive at a conceptual clarity of this connection and demonstrate how to apply basic concepts of social representations theory to the study of collective memory. The study also focuses on the naturalized characteristics of Finnish history. The data consist of the covers of twenty Finnish history books between the years 1965 and 2014. All the covers are embellished with typography or visual images. The covers were analysed using a semiotic approach in which the interest is in the description (denotation), the associations (connotation) and the meaning system these construe (myth). The analysis shows how national history is concretized with visual images (objectification), how the meaning of representation is conveyed (anchoring) and how collective memory is maintained (naturalization), transmitted and shaped during the years. The results show how the stable collective memories and changing social representations of history are interacting. The most frequently used visual element was the colour blue, which alludes to the Finnish flag, a symbol of the nation that represents the core of Finnish history. The study suggests that it is possible to conceptualize collective memories as naturalized social representations of history. It shows how processes of anchoring and objectification serve as tools of collective memory and how the naturalized conceptions are subtly changed. In addition, the study develops the use of visual semiotic analysis in social representations research.

scholarly journals The useful past in negotiation: Adolescents' use of history in negotiation of inter-group conflict

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsafrir Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Collective Narratives ◽  
The Impact

Much of the concern with young people's historical knowledge centres on factual attainment or disciplinary skills. However, relatively little attention is paid to the relevance that young people attribute to history and how they use the past, and various social representations of history, to relate to the present. Research in this realm tends to emphasize the impact of collective memory narratives on individuals, rather than individuals' agency in using them. In this article, I will examine the ways 155 Jewish and Arab Israeli adolescents related the past to the present as they discussed the Jewish–Arab conflict and its resolution. Discussants made diverse references to the past: from family history, via biblical allusions and collective memories, to formal, schooling-based historical documents. Individuals used these references to the past to negotiate the present and future of inter-group relations. Furthermore, they made strategic use of references to others' narratives. Thus historical knowledge and collective narratives, which are usually perceived as constraining and structuring learners' perceptions, can be seen as repositories of resources and affordances.

CONTEXTUALIZING PALIMPSEST OF COLLECTIVE MEMORY IN AN URBAN HERITAGE SITE: Case Study of Chahar Bagh, Shiraz - Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Mahmoudi Farahani ◽  
Marzieh Setayesh ◽  
Leila Shokrollahi
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
A Site ◽  
Historical Centre

A landscape or site, which has been inhabited for long, consists of layers of history. This history is sometimes reserved in forms of small physical remnants, monuments, memorials, names or collective memories of destruction and reconstruction. In this sense, a site/landscape can be presumed as what Derrida refers to as a “palimpsest”. A palimpsest whose character is identified in a duality between the existing layers of meaning accumulated through time, and the act of erasing them to make room for the new to appear. In this study, the spatial collective memory of the Chahar Bagh site which is located in the historical centre of Shiraz will be investigated as a contextualized palimpsest, with various projects adjacent one another; each conceptualized and constructed within various historical settings; while the site as a heritage is still an active part of the city’s cultural life. Through analysing the different layers of meaning corresponding to these adjacent projects, a number of principals for reading the complexities of similar historical sites can be driven.

Memory Practices in History Education about the 1947 British India Partition

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Chhabra
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
History Education ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
British India ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
History Textbook ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Memory Practices

This article is an epistemological reflection on memory practices in the construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction of collective memories of a historical event involving collective violence and conflict in formal and informal spaces of education. It focuses on the 1947 British India Partition of Punjab. The article engages with multiple memory practices of Partition carried out through personal narrative, interactions between Indian and Pakistani secondary school pupils, history textbook contents, and their enactment in the classroom by teachers. It sheds light on the complex dynamic between collective memory and history education about events of violent conflict, and explores opportunities for and challenges to intercepting hegemonic remembering of a violent past.

scholarly journals Re-living a Common Future in the Face of Ecological Disaster: Exploring (Elements of) Guarani and Kaiowá Collective Memories, Political Imagination, and Critiques

Human Arenas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Normann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Ecological Disaster ◽  
The Face ◽  
Group Interviews

AbstractHow to re-member a fragmented world while climate change escalates, and green growth models reproduce coloniality, particularly in Indigenous territories? What can be the concrete contributions from different scholarly disciplines to a broader decolonial project? These questions are debated by decolonial scholars who call to re-think our practices within academic institutions and in the fields that we study. This article contributes with a decolonial perspective to sociocultural psychology and studies on Indigenous knowledges about climate change. Through ethnographic methods and individual and group interviews, I engage with indigenous Guarani and Kaiowá participants’ knowledges and practices of resilience opposing green growth models in the Brazilian state Mato Grosso do Sul. Their collective memory of a different past, enacted through narratives, rituals, and social practices, was fundamental to imagine different possible futures, which put in motion transformation processes. Their example opens a reflection about the possibilities in connecting sociocultural psychology’s work on collective memory and political imagination to the broader decolonial project, in supporting people’s processes of re-membering in contexts of adverse conditions caused by coloniality and ecological disaster.

KA'KAW POTS AND COMMON CONTAINERS: CREATING HISTORIES AND COLLECTIVE MEMORIES AMONG THE CLASSIC MAYA OF XUNANTUNICH, BELIZE

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. LeCount
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Classic Maya ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Natural Cycles ◽  
Lowland Maya

AbstractReconstruction of foodways at the Lowland Maya center of Xunantunich, Belize, illustrates how commensality is fundamental to the construction of multilayered identities. Collective memory and linear histories form the foundation of identities because they are the mental frameworks people use to construct shared pasts. At Xunantunich, community identity was expressed though pottery and practices associated with the preparation of foods for domestic consumption and public offerings. In a world of natural cycles centered on family reproduction, horticultural activities, and yearly ceremonies, these symbols and rituals structured the lives of all people and embodied within them a collective memory of community. Linear histories were recorded in images and texts on drinking paraphernalia that were likely used for toasting honored individuals, ancestors, or gods during commemorative rites. These inscriptions and bodily practices marked individuals and their houses as people and places of prominence with separate identities.

ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA POS STRUKTURAL PADA FOTO RHEIN II (A POST-STRUCTURAL SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS OF THE PHOTOGRAPH RHEIN II)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Markus Jiuhanteng ◽  
Acep Iwan Saidi ◽  
R. Drajatno Widi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
Interpretive Study ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Process Creation ◽  
Visual Text ◽  
Visual Element ◽  
Semiotic Theory

<p>Abstract This paper is a study of Andreas Gursky’s photo Rhein II. In this study, the post-structural semiotic analysis method is used to interpret meaning based on signs on the Rhein II. The post-structural semiotic analysis becomes the basis for interpreting meanings using related references. In the study of Rhein II photo objects, visual text analysis is expected to provide positive benefits for the development of photography, especially academically. Rhein II is a photo by Andreas Gursky. In Rhein II’s photograph, a contemporary photo is presented as a multi-reality representation analyzed using the post-structural semiotic method. The object of research is interpreted as a text that has a layer of meaning that is squeezed out of its essence by semiotics. The deconstruction of the signification system in the visual element is identified by reading the structural postal semiotic theory codes: text analysis process, creation process. The results of semiotic extraction produce an interpretive study of Rhein II which is full of meaning.</p><p>Keyword: imagery, photography, semiotica</p><p>Abstrak Makalah ini merupakan kajian dari foto Rhein II karya Andreas Gursky. Dalam kajian ini digunakan metode analisis semiotika post struktural untuk menginterpretasikan makna berdasarkan tanda-tanda pada Rhein. Analisis semiotika post struktural menjadi landasan dalam menginterpretasikan makna-makna dengan menggunakan referensi terkait. analisis teks visual, dalam kajian objek foto Rhein II diharapkan dapat memberikan kebermanfaatan yang positif bagi perkembangan fotografi khususnya secara akademis. Rhein II adalah foto karya Andreas Gursky. Dalam karya Rhein II, sebuah foto kontemporer dihadirkan sebagai representasi multi realitas yang dianalisis menggunakan metode semiotika post struktural. Objek penelitian dimaknai sebagai teks yang memiliki lapisan makna yang terperas esensinya oleh semiotika. Dekonstruksi sistem penandaan dalam elemen visual diidentifikasikan dengan pembacaan kode-kode teori semiotika pos struktural. Proses analisis teks, proses penciptaan. Hasil ekstraksi semiotika menghasilkan kajian interpretatif Rhein II yang sarat makna.</p><p>Kata kunci: citra imaji, fotografi, semiotika</p>

scholarly journals Social representations and information security of children and adolescents: the point of view of teachers (Part 3)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
I.B. Bovina ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
S.Yu. Gayamova ◽  
A.V. Milekhin ◽  
S.V. Budykin
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Representations Theory

The presented text is the last part of the article that reported the results of the study about the information security of children and adolescents in groups of teachers. The study was based on the ideas of the social representations theory, in particular, it concerned with the relations in between social practices and social representations. The object of the study was teachers of secondary schools, the sample included 102 people aged from 22 to 65 years, (M = 39.36 years, SD = 11.12 years, 91 women and 11 men). As a matter of the experience with schoolchildren the sample was divided into three groups: teachers of children, teachers of adolescents, and teachers of children and adolescents. To test the assumption concerning the specificity of the social representations as a matter of practice, a questionnaire was developed, it consisted of 6 parts: In the first part, respondents were asked to evaluate information, in terms of the threat it poses to the safety of children and adolescents. In the next four parts of the questionnaire, respondents were asked to answer questions concerning the hypothetical situations, in each case it was necessary to propose a plan of action in the situation. The last part contained socio-demographic issues. The results about last two situations out of four were discussed.

Memory as State Behaviour

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-119
Author(s):  
Kathrin Bachleitner
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Trigger ◽  
Oil Crisis

This chapter shows how collective memory channels a country’s international behaviour. To that end, it first lays out the nexus between memory and state behaviour put forward by the temporal security concept. It then goes on to distinguish it from international relations’ classical realist and ontological security approaches and their predictions on state behaviour. To keep their temporal security intact, countries are assumed to enter into an ‘in-between-time’ conversation with their ‘significant historical others’. Through the emotional trigger of shame, policymakers avoid potential disconnects with their country’s ‘narrated self in the past’, thus bringing their courses of action in line with collective memory. To illustrate this process, the empirical case study looks at the reaction of West Germany and Austria to two wars in the Middle East. It contrasts their support for either of the warring parties during the Six Day War of 1967 and the Yom Kippur War and international oil crisis of 1973. The qualitative analysis demonstrates that West Germany and Austria’s different collective memories of the Nazi legacy channelled their behaviour along diverse reasonings to support either the Israeli or the Arab side.

Memory as National Values

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-148
Author(s):  
Kathrin Bachleitner
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
National Values ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter places collective memory at the source of a country’s values. In that regard, it enquires into the nature of normative obligations arising from memory. Based on moral-philosophical considerations, it finds normativity in the ‘processes surrounding memory’ described in the temporal security concept. Over time, the relationship between collective memory, identity, and behaviour generates a ‘duty to act’ for countries in the sense of ‘ought’. This last and most diffuse impact of collective memory unfolds and persists into the long run. Through it, collective memory, entirely outside the realm of conscious choice, channels behaviour towards one good course of action. To illustrate this, the empirical study picks up the case countries, Germany and Austria, at a late point in time. In 2015, large numbers of refugees arrived at their borders during what became known as the ‘European refugee crisis’. In this ‘critical situation’, both countries were required to react and thus position themselves vis-à-vis the highly normative issue of asylum. With the help of a content analysis of official speeches, the case study demonstrates how German and Austrian politicians came to identify different versions of what a good response entails based on their country’s diverse collective memories.

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