Sentencing of Minor Offences in Indonesia: Policy, Practice and Reform

This paper seeks to evaluate minor offenses in the Criminal Code in Indonesia. So far, the value limit for determining minor offenses in Indonesia is increasingly irrelevant to the value of the currency due to inflation. It will cause a gap in criminal law in dealing with changes. As the result, police will do unfair and non-humanistic law implementation. The objective of this study is to identify the importance of revising the lower limit of minor offenses in the Criminal Code in Indonesia. The study used a socio-legal method on the contextualization of Indonesian Criminal Codes related to the categorization of minor offense regulation in Government Regulation No. 2 of 2012 and in Penal Code, by utilizing a humanitarian perspective in law enforcement, especially by police who still charge some minor offenses with 5 years imprisonment. The results confirmed that some changes have been made related to this matter as the Indonesian Supreme Court has made some regulations, such as No. 2 of 2012 on adjustment in minor offense law. This means that all criminals doing minor offenses cannot behold as prisoners in the investigation or prosecution process. The main contribution of this study is to construct a perspective of legal and regulatory issues to emphasize a fair of justice in dealing with minor offenses with a model of humanistic law enforcement. The result is expected to practically contribute and recommend the importance of constructing fairness of justice principle in law enforcement in particular and of revising minor offense sentencing in general.

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IMPLEMENTASI JALINAN SISTEM ANTARA GENERAL RULES DENGAN SPECIAL RULES DALAM SISTEM PEMIDANAAN SUBSTANTIF

Yustisia Jurnal Hukum ◽

10.20961/yustisia.v2i3.10166 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Eko - Soponyono

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Law ◽

House Of Representatives ◽

Student Attitudes ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Penal Code ◽

Integrated Systems ◽

General Rules ◽

Special Rules

AbstractImplementation of the system fabric between “general rules” with “special rules” in the substantive criminal system can not be separated from the criminal system policy will be pursued by members of the House of representatives in understanding all juridical problems are there to make a better one. Implementation of the system fabric between “general rules” with “special rules” in the substantive criminal system in Indonesia is not always ideal, because the neglect of understanding of the system of punishment in the criminal code. These conditions can be further complicated when the New penal code bill with no reforming indication intelligently addressed by the Legislature in policy formulation. Based on the above reasons, this report is organized in the hope of giving firmness to the interested student attitudes material criminal law, Law Enforcement Authorities, especially Holders Policy Formulation Phase (the Legislature).Keywords: Integrated Systems, general rules, Special rules, Sentencing System Abstrak Implementasi jalinan sistem antara “general rules” dengan “special rules” dalam sistem pemidanaan substantif tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan kebijakan sistem pemidanaan yang akan ditempuh oleh anggota DPR dalam memahami semua permasalahan juridis yang ada untuk membuat yang lebih baik. Implementasi jalinan sistem antara “general rules” dengan “special rules” dalam sistem pemidanaan substantif di Indonesia tidak senantiasa ideal, karena terabaikannya pemahaman atas sistem pemidanaan dalam ketentuan induknya di KUHP/WvS. Kondisi demikian bisa akan lebih rumit lagi ketika RUU KUHP Baru dengan indikasi kebaharuannya tidak disikapi secara cerdas oleh Badan Legislatif dalam kebijakan formulasinya. Berdasar alasan di atas, tulisan ini disusun dengan harapan dapat memberi ketegasan sikap bagi mahasiswa peminat hukum pidana materiil, Aparat Penegak Hukum, terutama Pemegang Kebijakan Tahap Formulasi (Badan Legislatif ).Kata Kunci: Jalinan Sistem, Ketentuan Umum, Ketentuan Khusus, Sistem Pemidanaan

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THE NORMATIVE RESOLUTION OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN “ON THE PRACTICE OF THE COURTS APPLYING THE CRIMINAL LAW IN CASES OF CRIMES RELATED TO VIOLATION OF THE RULES OF THE ROAD AND THE OPERATION OF VEHICLES” DATED JUNE 29, 2011, AND THE CRIMINAL LAW

Russian-Asian Legal Journal ◽

10.14258/ralj(2020)2.9 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 69-75

Author(s):

K.A. Bakishev

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Supreme Court ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Criminal Offence ◽

The Road ◽

Regulatory Decision ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

Sufficient Degree ◽

The Republic

The Concept of the legal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2010 to 2020emphasizes that the criminal law must meet the requirements of legal accuracy and predictability ofconsequences, that is, its norms must be formulated with a sufficient degree of clarity and based on clearcriteria that exclude the possibility of arbitrary interpretation provisions of the law. Meanwhile, an analysisof the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan shows that some articles on liability for road transportoffences are designed poorly. For example, Art. 346 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan ischaracterized by a combination of formal and qualified corpus delicti, as well as two forms of guilt — intentand negligence; in Art. 351 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the circle of subjects of thecriminal offence was significantly reduced due to the unjustified exclusion of drivers of non-mechanicalvehicles. As a result, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the regulatory decree «On thepractice of the courts applying the criminal law in cases of crimes related to violation of the rules of theroad and the operation of vehicles’ of June 29, 2011 made a number of errors and contradictions that led todifficulties in qualifying the criminal offence and the appointment criminal punishment. Taking into accountthe law-enforcement and legislative experience of Kazakhstan and other countries in the field of ensuringtraffic safety, the author proposes amendments and additions to the named regulatory decision of theSupreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan to improve its quality and improve law enforcement practice.

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Malfeasances: features of law enforcement.

Penitentiary science ◽

10.46741/2686-9764-2020-14-3-331-337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 331-337

Author(s):

M.P. Pronina ◽

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Supreme Court ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Legal Assessment ◽

Judicial Practice ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Criminal Legislation

The article deals with the problems of law enforcement in the group of malfeasances. Official crimes are most dangerous due to the fact that they undermine the prestige of the authorities and directly violate the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and organizations. In this regard the legislator has established criminal liability for officials who abuse their functional duties. In particular the author studies the problems of qualification arising in the legal assessment of crimes enshrined in Ch. 30 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, due to the highest level of their blanketness and evaluativeness. Examples of judicial and investigative practice on competition issues of general and special rules are given. Difficulties are revealed in the legal assessment of the actions of officials when determining the signs of abuse of office, enshrined in Art. 286 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Arguments are presented that are a clear demonstration of the fact that the solution to the identified problems of applying the norms of the criminal law lies in the plane of reducing the level of conflict of laws of criminal legislation. Practical proposals are being made to include amendments to the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 09.07.2013 No. 24 “On judicial practice in cases of bribery and other corruption crimes” (clause 12.1) and Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 16.10.2009 No. 19 “On judicial practice in cases of abuse of office and abuse of office” (p. 21.1). The solution of the stated problems in the field of application of the norms of the criminal law consists in the development of a uniform practice of application of the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, reduction of the level of gaps in criminal legislation, the development of methodological and scientific recommendations with the participation of law enforcement officials and scientists, the preparation of draft laws and plenums of the Supreme Court aimed at elimination of gaps and gaps.

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FORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN LEGAL DOCTRINE CONCERNING QUALIFICATION OF THE CRIMINAL OFFENSES COMMITTED BY THE ORGANIZED CRIMINAL GROUPS IN CONTEXT OF AMENDING CHANGES TO LEGISLATION ON CRIMINAL LAW

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies ◽

10.17721/1728-2195/2021/3.118-20 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112-116

Author(s):

D. Ptaschenko

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Supreme Court ◽

Criminal Law ◽

System Analysis ◽

Criminal Liability ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Legal Doctrine ◽

Criminal Offenses ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

Criminal Groups

The Article 1 of the Constitution of Ukraine regulates: Ukraine is a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, legal state. One of the destabilizing factors in building the rule of law is the commission of criminal offenses by organized criminal groups. Due to the changes in the criminal legislation during the last two years, the criminal law norms have undergone significant changes, which directly or indirectly affect the qualification of criminal offenses committed by organized criminal groups. Given the changes in criminal law, the qualification of criminal offenses committed by organized criminal groups requires uniform systemic approaches, primarily at the level of judicial law enforcement practice. The formation of the Ukrainian legal doctrine on the qualification of criminal offenses committed by organized criminal groups is one of the significant auxiliary guidelines in the formation of such law enforcement practice. To achieve this goal and the defined objectives, the following methods were applied in the study: logical and normative – for the analysis of criminal law on the qualification of criminal offenses committed by organized criminal groups; system analysis – when considering judicial law enforcement practice (first of all, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Ukraine) of the qualification of criminal offenses committed by organized criminal groups. The legislation strengthens criminal liability for criminal offenses by organized criminal groups, in particular, as evidenced by the amendments to the Criminal Code under the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Liability for Crimes Committed by the Criminal Community" dated by the 4th of June 2020. Before the formation of new approaches to the doctrine of criminal law and law enforcement judicial practice on the qualification of criminal offenses (crimes), a specific part of which is provided by h.ch. 1-5 art. 255 of the Criminal Code, the indirect reference is the provision of the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine of December 23, 2005 №12 "On the practice of consideration by courts of criminal cases on crimes committed by stable criminal groups." Keywords: criminal offenses, criminal community, criminal organization, organized group, creation of a criminal community, leadership of a criminal community, organized criminal groups.

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Konsep dan Pembaruan Residivisme dalam Hukum Pidana di Indonesia (Concept and Reform of Recidivism in Criminal Law in Indonesia)

Negara Hukum Membangun Hukum untuk Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan ◽

10.22212/jnh.v9i2.1048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 199-216

Author(s):

Prianter Jaya Hairi

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Penal Code ◽

Law Enforcement Agency ◽

Current Arrangement ◽

Intermediate System

The legal arrangement of additional penalty for repetition of crime (recidivism) as stipulated in Indonesian Criminal Code has been considered quite complicated to be executed. The draft of the New Indonesian Penal Code Bill brings changes to the concept of recidivism. This study intends to examine the concept of recidivism in the doctrine, in its current arrangement, in the draft of the New Indonesian Penal Code Bill, and to examine the implications of the concepts’ changing for criminal law enforcement in general. In the discussion it is known that the existing Criminal Code, applied the concept of special recidivism with the intermediate system, that will be transformed into a system of "Algemene Recidive" or a general recidive, which means that it would no longer differentiates the type of crime or group of repeated offenses. The draft of the New Indonesian Penal Code Bill stipulates that the period of time a person is charged due to a recidive is an additional "5 (five) years" after undergoing all or part of the principal punishment imposed or after the principal criminal sentence has been abolished, or when the crime was committed, the previous sentences has not been expired (still serving a criminal sentence). Some of the implications of these changes are to include a relatively simpler concept of recidivism in the draft Criminal Code compare to what is currently regulated in the Criminal Code. Therefore, this concept will make it easier for law enforcers to implement recidivism. Implementation of the concept of recidivism should be followed by changes in criminal procedural instruments (RUU KUHAP) and other regulations related to technical procedures in each law enforcement agency. Changes in the recidivist system also need to be followed by efforts to reform the penitentiary system, so that the level of recidivism would not increased.AbstrakPengaturan hukum mengenai pemberatan hukuman karena pengulangan tindak pidana (residivisme) yang terdapat dalam Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) selama ini dipandang cukup rumit untuk diterapkan. RUU Hukum Pidana membawa perubahan terhadap konsep residivisme. Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mengkaji bagaimana konsep residivisme dalam doktrin, dalam pengaturannya saat ini, dalam draft RUU Hukum Pidana, serta mengkaji implikasi perubahan konsep tersebut bagi penegakan hukum pidana secara umum. Dalam pembahasan diketahui bahwa KUHP yang selama ini berlaku, menerapkan sistem residivis khusus dengan sistem antara, akan diubah menjadi sistem “Algemene Recidive” atau recidive umum, yang artinya sudah tidak lagi membedakan jenis tindak pidana atau kelompok jenis tindak pidana yang diulangi. RUU Hukum Pidana diantaranya mengatur bahwa jangka waktu seseorang dikenakan pemberatan akibat recidive ialah “5 (lima) tahun” setelah menjalani seluruh atau sebagian pidana pokok yang dijatuhkan atau pidana pokok yang dijatuhkan telah dihapuskan, atau pada waktu melakukan Tindak Pidana, kewajiban menjalani pidana pokok yang dijatuhkan terdahulu belum kedaluwarsa (masih menjalani pidana). Beberapa implikasi dari perubahan tersebut antara lain bahwa konsep recidivis dalam draf RUU Hukum Pidana relatif lebih simpel dibandingkan dengan yang diatur dalam KUHP yang berlaku saat ini. Oleh sebab itu konsep tersebut akan lebih memudahkan penegak hukum dalam penerapannya. Penerapan konsep residivis perlu diikuti dengan perubahan instrumen hukum acara pidana (RUU KUHAP) serta peraturan lain terkait prosedur teknis di masing-masing lembaga penegak hukum. Perubahan sistem residivis juga perlu diikuti dengan upaya pembenahan terhadap sistem pembinaan lembaga pemasyarakatan, agar tingkat residivisme tidak semakin tinggi.

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Court’s modification of category of gravity of the committed offence and implementation of compulsory measures set by the Article 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: problems of theory, legislative regulation, and law enforcement

Юридические исследования ◽

10.25136/2409-7136.2021.11.35044 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 59-84

Author(s):

Kirill Igorevich Nagornov

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Supreme Court ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Closed Type ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

Criminal Procedure Law ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Scientific Doctrine

Leaning on the analysis of the provisions of current legislation, clarification of the supreme judicial authority, scientific doctrine, case law materials and statistics, this article explores the implementation of compulsory measures set by the Article 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, after court’s modification of the category of gravity of the committed offence in accordance with the Part 6 of the Article 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The goal of this research lies in assessment from the perspective of the theory of criminal law of such specific procedure for implementation of disciplinary compulsory measures and herding to closed-type special institution, as well as identification of possible flaws and contradictions that may cause problems and ambiguous decisions in law enforcement practice. Attention is given to the existing contradictions between the provisions of criminal law and criminal procedure law, explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, as well as legislative gaps and problems emerging in law enforcement practice in the context of provision set by the Article 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Part 6 of Article 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the sequence, grounds and conditions established by the legislator in the Part 6 of the Article 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for the use of the latter, the conclusion is made on impossibility to apply compulsory educational measures in line with this norm. The article also substantiates the position infeasibility of preliminary imposition of penalty (de lege ferenda) on release of such with implementation of compulsory measures set by Part 1 and 2 of the Article 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author also offers to supplement and rectify certain provisions of the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 10 of May 15, 2018.

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PENYELESAIAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA RINGAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF RESTORATIF JUSTICE (Adjudication Of Misdemeanor Based On Legislation In Current Perspectives)

Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure ◽

10.30641/dejure.2016.v16.337-351 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

Sri Mulyani

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Legal Certainty ◽

Strong Reaction ◽

Small Communities ◽

The Public ◽

Positive Law ◽

Procedure Code

Tindak pidana ringan adalah perkara yang diancam dengan pidana penjara atau kurungan paling lama 3 (tiga) bulan dan atau denda sebanyak-banyaknya Rp 7.500; (tujuh ratus lima puluh ribu rupiah) dan penghinaan ringan, berkaitan dengan banyaknya kasus Tindak Pidana Ringan yang yang terjadi di Indonesia, yang melibatkan masyarakat kecil yang dapat diakses oleh publik sehingga menimbulkan simpati masyarakat luas yang akhirnya memberikan advokasi. Latar belakang tulisan ini adalah penegakkan hukum Tindak Pidana Ringan ini mendapat reaksi yang keras dari masyarakat atas ketidak puasanpenyelesaian yangtidak memenuhi rasa keadilan.Tujuan dari penulisan ini dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam rangka menciptakan kepastian hukum, ketertiban dan perlindungan hukum terutama bagi masyarakat, tersangka maupun para pencari keadilan dan kebenaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah normatif yuridis melalui kajian peraturan perundang-undangan, doktrin, dan yurisprudensi perkara tindak pidana ringan. Tulisan ini membahas tentang pengertian tindak pidana ringan, hukum positif yang mengatur tindak pidana ringan dengan kesimpulan antara lain adalah bahwa pengaturan hukum tentang kejahatan ringan pada dasarnya telah diatur dalam KUHAP dan KUHP dan PERPU. bahkan dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (PERMA) Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 Tentang Penyesuaian Batasan Tindak pidana Ringan dan jumlah denda dalam KUHAP.AbstractA misdemeanor is a case that shall be charged to imprisonment of up three years and/or to a maximum fine of seven hundred and fifty thousand rupiahs. Relating to a number of the misdemeanor in Indonesia, that involves the small communities which can be accessed by the public so that it make sympathy of society and then give them advocation. The background of this writing is law enforcement of misdemeanor that has a strong reaction from people in dissatisfaction of its adjudication because it is far from a sense of fairness. Whereas the purpose of this writing can be a guideline in order to create a legal certainty, orderliness and law protection especially society, the accused or the seekers of truth and justice. This method of writing is a normative juridical by legislation study, doctrine, and jurisprudence. It discusses the understanding of misdemeanor, a positive law that order it. It concludes that law arrangements about misdemeanor basically has been ruled in the Criminal Law Procedure Code (KUHAP) and the Criminal Code (KUHP) and government regulation in lieu of Law (PERPU), even in the regulation of Supreme Court Number 2, Year 2012 concerning The Adjustment Limitation of Misdemeanor and Fine in the Criminal Law Procedure Code (KUHAP.

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Law Enforcement on Child Sexual Abuse in Manado City

Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education ◽

10.32535/apjme.v4i1.1045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

Nontje Rimbing ◽

Meiske T. Sondakh ◽

Eske N. Worang

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Child Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Protection ◽

Juvenile Justice System ◽

Criminal Code ◽

The North ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Legal Method ◽

Special Rules

This study investigates child sexual abuse cases that remain high in Manado as well as its law enforcement against the perpetrators, especially for underage perpetrators. By using a normative legal method, this research paper aims to examine legal materials, namely the Criminal Code and the Child Protection Law No. 35 of 2014 by collecting empirical data about law enforcement by the North Sulawesi Regional Police. The findings indicate that the law enforcement on underage perpetrators depends on the investigators in charge, in principle, under Law no. 35 of 2014, and they are detained in Child Care Centers of Tomohon. Also, this research specifically underlined that law enforcement against underage perpetrators has followed the procedures of the juvenile justice system, while the victims do need special attention of institutions outside the police. To ensure the rights to education in detention, this study suggests to make special rules regarding the obligation of teachers to provide private lessons.

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Konsepsi Hukum Progresif dalam Pengaturan Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia

Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum ◽

10.22225/juinhum.1.2.2431.35-39 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

Efraim Mbomba Reda ◽

I Nyoman Putu Budiartha ◽

I Made Minggu Widyantara

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Role Models ◽

Research Method ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Legal Positivism ◽

Sociology Of Law ◽

Legal Certainty ◽

Legal Research ◽

Descriptive Method

Progressive law puts forward the sociology of law rather than legal certainty which is the focus of legal positivism. In Indonesia, this law was coined by Satjipto Rahardjo. This study aims to determine the formulation of progressive law in future criminal law, and to determine the actualization of the concept of progressive law in regulating corruption in Indonesia. The research method used is a normative legal research method with statute and conceptual approaches. The technique of collecting legal materials in this study is a descriptive method that aims to obtain the meaning of reality related to the problems to be discussed and solved in this study. The results show that in the current Criminal Code Bill, progressive law has been regulated, to be precise in Article 2 paragraph (1) and (2). Progressive law is also regulated in Law no. 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Power. Then, the actualization of progressive law in regulating corruption in Indonesia is a judge with the powers that take into account the sociological context of society in making decisions. Judges, prosecutors and lawyers can certainly discuss together in eradicating corruption. Efforts are also being made to reconstruct and redefine the power of law enforcement. This arrangement can also encourage the KPK to be more progressive in eradicating corruption, as well as building law enforcers who have morality so that they can become role models and increase public participation, for example by forming NGOs in preventing or fighting corruption in various agencies.

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PROBLEMS OF ENFORCEMENT OF NORMS PROVIDING RESPONSIBILITY FOR ECOLOGICAL CRIMES

Вестник ГГНТУ. Гуманитарные и социально-экономические науки ◽

10.34708/gstou.2019.17.3.019 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Т.Л. Магомадова ◽

З.Л. Магомадова

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Criminal Law ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Judicial Practice ◽

Key Points ◽

Environmental Crimes

В статье рассматриваются уголовно-правовые нормы, содержащиеся в гл. 26 УК РФ, устанавливающие ответственность за экологические преступления с точки зрения определения причин их низкой применяемости в судебной практике. Выделены наиболее актуальные уголовно-правовые проблемы, раскрыт ряд вопросов эффективности применения норм об ответственности за экологические преступления и проиллюстрированы ключевые моменты примерами правоприменительной практики, предложены пути законодательного их разрешения. The article discusses the criminal law contained in Sec. 26 of the Criminal Code, establishing liability for environmental crimes in terms of determining the causes of their low applicability in judicial practice. The most relevant criminal law problems are highlighted, a number of issues of the effectiveness of the application of the rules on liability for environmental crimes are revealed, key points are illustrated with examples of law enforcement practice, and ways to legislatively resolve them are proposed.

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