scholarly journals Anthroponyms and Surnames of the Nobility of the Grodno Powiat in 1565

Lituanistica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jūratė Čirūnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Nominative Case ◽  
First Time ◽  
Genitive Case

Patronyms could have been formed from the -sk- type anthroponyms in the generation of 1565: Друцкевичъ, Долъгошцичъ. Two surnames were found among the -sk- type anthroponyms: Халецки, Куровъски. Six more -sk- type anthroponyms are the first mention of later authenticated surnames: Завацъки, Каменъски, Новицъки, Петровъски, Свиръски, Снаръски. They were supposed to become surnames in the second half of the sixteenth century. Among the anthroponyms that are not names, patronymics, -sk- type anthroponyms, the surname Шышъко is unquestionable. Provisionally, four anthroponyms can also be considered surnames as, when changing into a surname, they dropped the patronymic suffix: Ейсмонтъ, Кобята, Стер[ъ]пейко, Толоч[ъ]ко. In the document of 1565, five more anthroponyms of this type, which were later authenticated, are mentioned for the first time: Белокозъ, Галабурда, Доха, Куликъ, Мицута. They had to become surnames in the second half of the sixteenth century. Four surnames are recorded among the first patronymics: Кгинюшевичъ, Киселевичъ, Моръдасовичъ, Носовичъ. There are two other first mentions of this type of later authenticated surnames: Бутрымовичъ, Полуяновичъ. Also, the rare patronymic form of the Christian anthroponym Хомичъ can be considered the first mention of the surname. These anthroponyms were to become surnames in the second half of the sixteenth century. The second patronymics, especially those recorded in the genitive case singular, represented the old naming system where they partially performed the function of the present surname. The surnames derived from the second patronymics, Ейсмон[ъ]товича and Сиръкгутевича (there is also a variant of the inscription Шыркгутевичъ), could have functioned already in the middle of the sixteenth century if they were written not in the genitive but in the nominative case. The anthroponym Почобутовича can be considered the first mention of a surname authenticated later among the second patronymics. Having dropped its suffix, this anthroponym had to become a surname in the second half of the sixteenth century. One person had two surnames: Халецъки Киселевичъ. Two people had two potential surnames: Новицъки Ейсмонътовича and Ейсмонътовича Снаръски. Both anthroponyms of those potential surnames of -sk- type, namely, Новицъки and Снаръски, were the first mention of later authentication, while Ейсмонътовича can be presumed to be a surname if written in the nominative case.

scholarly journals The Grodno Powiat Register and the Names of the Nobility from the Document of 1565

Lituanistica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jūratė Čirūnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nominative Case ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
Genitive Case

The article presents the analysis of the names of the nobility from the Grodno powiat in the Army Census of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1565. The structure of the Grodno flag register is described along with the instances of the registration of the nobles with their horses and military equipment, and the cases of sending the nobles and non-nobles to the army are listed. Extralinguistic elements of names (horses and military equipment) are indicated. Examination of the onomastics of male nobles showed that they were recorded as three types of names: names without potential surnames, names with only potential surnames, and mixed names. Twelve different ways of arranging proper names were used. The analysis of the structure of the names of male nobility showed that the names, first and second patronymics, -sk- type proper names, suffix-free proper names, and one -in- suffix derived proper name, which was unusual for the sixteenth century, were used in the names. The second patronymics were usually written in the genitive case while the nominative case was rarely used. In some instances, the first patronymic was omitted and only the second patronymic in the genitive case was recorded. Common words-descriptors were rare. The descriptors of the position prevailed; one common word-descriptor denoting the age group was used. Binary names of men prevailed, although there were many ternary names, and only few instances of single and quaternary names were found. A study of the onomastics of female nobles revealed that they were recorded as two types of names: anthroponyms consisting of the proper names of family members only and mixed names. For women, seven different variations of proper names were used. The analysis of the structure of female names revealed that names, andronyms, -sk- type anthroponyms, female patronymics were used, and the male patronymic in the genitive case (proper name from the spouse’s patronymic) occurred once. Five female surnames (four of married women and one of a single girl) were identified. Common words-descriptors were not used when recording women. Binary female names prevailed, although there were several ternary and quaternary names.

The Canons of John Mauropous

1947 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Hussey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Service Books

John Mauropous, an eleventh-century Metropolitan of Euchaïta, has long been commemorated in the service books of the Orthodox Church. The Synaxarion for the Office of Orthros on 30th January, the day dedicated to the Three Fathers, St. Basil the Great, St. Gregory the Theologian, and St. John Chrysostom, tells how the festival was instituted by Mauropous and describes him as ‘the well-known John, a man of great repute and well-versed in the learning of the Hellenes, as his writings show, and moreover one who has attained to the highest virtue’. In western Europe something was known of him certainly as early as the end of the sixteenth century; his iambic poems were published for the first time by an Englishman in 1610, and his ‘Vita S. Dorothei’ in the Acta Sanctorum in 1695. But it was not until the second half of the nineteenth century that scholars were really able to form some idea of the character and achievement of this Metropolitan of Euchaïta. Particularly important were two publications: Sathas' edition in 1876 of Michael Psellus' oration on John, and Paul de Lagarde's edition in 1882 of some of John's own writings. This last contained not only the works already printed, but a number of hitherto unpublished sermons and letters, together with the constitution of the Faculty of Law in the University of Constantinople, and a short introduction containing part of an etymological poem. But there remained, and still remains, one significant omission: John's canons have been almost consistently neglected.

Economic Interest and the Oversight of Violence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Lethal Violence ◽  
Investigative Techniques ◽  
Robust System ◽  
Court Involvement ◽  
First Time

While, earlier chapters establish that the officer and investigative techniques necessary to create a monopoly of violence were in place in England by the beginning of the sixteenth century, these alone only provided the potential for the effective regulation of violence. To ensure that the state’s definitions of legitimate and illegitimate violence were rigorously enforced, oversight of the coroner system was necessary. Chapter 5, therefore, charts the rise of a new, more robust system of oversight that came into effect in the sixteenth century. The growth of oversight, it is argued, began in the 1530s as a result of competing economic interests in the outcome of coroners’ inquests and the growing popularity of the central courts as a venue for adjudication. This combination of economic interest in forfeiture and greater central court involvement in forfeiture disputes resulted in a system of surveillance which allowed central government officials unprecedented control over the coroner system and thus, for the first time, an effective monopoly of lethal violence.

scholarly journals Ecclesiastical Chronotaxes of the Renaissance

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Damiano Acciarino
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Christian Religion ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Debate

During the sixteenth century, confessional disputes between Catholics and Protestants became the “battlefield” for determining and shaping the reformed Christian religion. Antiquarian erudition played a key role in this process, acting in accordance with the diverse cultural systems in place, justifying doctrinaire positions, and legitimizing the existence of their institutions. Renaissance chronotaxes illustrate this point particularly well. In this article, for the first time, the ecclesiastical chronotaxes disseminated to Christian scholarly environments throughout Renaissance Europe have been collated and studied. Both the driving forces behind this cultural phenomenon and the methods applied are investigated. The key objective here is to present the first catalogue of these works and to offer valuable material that sheds further light on the cultural, historical, and religious dynamics of the time, which may serve as the basis for further academic debate. Pendant le seizième siècle, les disputes confessionnelles entre catholiques et protestants sont devenues le champ où s'est déroulée la bataille qui donna naissance et forme à la religion chrétienne réformée. L’érudition antiquisante a joué un rôle majeur à ce stade, comme référence commune partagée par les différents systèmes culturels qui s'affrontaient, qui permettait de justifier des positions doctrinales et de légitimer l’existence des diverses institutions confessionnelles. Les chronotaxes de la Renaissance en sont un exemple idéal. Dans cet article, pour la première fois, sont colligées et étudiées les chronotaxes ecclésiastiques, qui se sont répandues dans les milieux chrétiens érudits de l’Europe de la Renaissance. On examine à la fois les sources de ce phénomène culturel, et les méthodes de leur application. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de présenter le premier catalogue de ce phénomène, ainsi que plusieurs renseignements éclairant certaines dynamiques culturelles, historiques et religieuses de l’époque. Cela pose les bases pour la poursuite de recherches sur ce sujet.

In Pursuit of the Muses. The Life and Work of Justus Lipsius

10.54179/2101 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine De Landtsheer
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Famed for his ground-breaking philological, philosophical, and antiquarian writings, the Brabant humanist Justus Lipsius (1547-1606) was one of the most renowned classical scholars of the sixteenth century. In this volume, Marijke Crab and Ide François bring together the seminal contributions to Lipsius’s life and scholarship by Jeanine De Landtsheer (1954-2021), who came to be known as one of the greatest Lipsius specialists of her generation. In Pursuit of the Muses considers Lipsius from two complementary angles. The first half presents De Landtsheer’s evocative life of the famous humanist, based on her unrivalled knowledge of his correspondence. Originally published in Dutch, it appears here in English translation for the first time. The second half presents a selection of eight articles by De Landtsheer that together chart a way through Lipsius’s scholarship. This twofold approach offers the reader a valuable insight into Lipsius’s life and work, creating an indispensable reference guide not only to Lipsius himself, but also to the wider humanist world of letters.

On the Appropriation of Lexicographic Methods of Kemālpaşazāde’s (1468–1534) Glossary Daḳāyiḳu l-ḥaḳāyiḳ

DIYÂR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Hasmik Kirakosyan ◽  
Ani Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
First Time

The glossary Daḳāyiḳu l-ḥaḳāyiḳ by Kemālpaşazāde is a valuable lexicological work that demonstrates the appropriation of medieval lexicographic methodologies as a means of spreading knowledge of the Persian language in the Transottoman realm. The article aims to analyse this Persian-Ottoman Turkish philological text based on the Arabic and Persian lexicographic traditions of the Early Modern period. The advanced approaches to morphological, lexical and semantic analysis of Persian can be witnessed when examining the Persian word units in the glossary. The study of the methods of the glossary attests to the prestigious status of the Persian language in the Ottoman Empire at a time when Turkish was strengthening its multi-faceted positions. Taking into account the linguistic analysis methods that were available in the sixteenth century, contemporary philological research is suggesting new etymologies for some Persian words and introduces novel lemmata, which make their first-time appearance in Persian vocabulary.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Kenneth Austin
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
First Time ◽  
Jewish Populations

This chapter summarizes how the Jews of Europe were in a very different position by the end of the seventeenth century compared to where they had been at the start of the sixteenth century. It points out how Spain had still not reversed its policy on Jews while most parts of Europe had become rather more welcoming to Jews in the interim. It also looks into the Jewish communities of Amsterdam, Frankfurt am Main, Prague, and Venice that exceeded 2,000 people for the first time in the seventeenth century, joining other cities, such as Rome that had already achieved that population in the sixteenth century. The chapter recounts how Jewish communities sprung up in places which had not traditionally been a home to Jews, especially in Eastern Europe. It talks about England and France, which had been the first territories to expel their Jewish populations back in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries but had begun to reverse that policy in the seventeenth century.

Intransitivity and the Development of Ergative Alignment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Aldridge
Keyword(s):  
Common Source ◽  
External Argument ◽  
Nominative Case ◽  
Possessive Constructions ◽  
Case Licensing ◽  
Inherent Case ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Genitive Case

This chapter surveys pathways that have been proposed for how ergative alignment develops diachronically in an accusative language. The most common source cited for ergative alignment is a clausal nominalization. This is because the v (or n) in the nominalization has the same case-licensing featural composition as transitive v in an ergative language: 1) the external argument in the specifier is assigned inherent (typically genitive) case; and 2) there is no structural licensing capability for an object. After reanalysis, the external argument continues to receive inherent case, and the object values nominative case with T, resulting in an ergative pattern in transitive clauses. Other proposed sources are also typically intransitive constructions lacking accusative objects and in which the external argument is assigned inherent case or is packaged as a PP, for example possessive constructions and passives

“What in the World Have You Done To Me, My Lover?” Sex, Servitude, and Politics among the Pre-Conquest Nahuas as seen in the Cantares Mexicanos

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
First Time ◽  
Warrior Women

The year 13-Reed [1479]. It was at this time that the people of Ame-cameca and the Chalcas Tlalmanalcas came to sing for the first time in Mexico. At that time they performed the song of the women of Chalco, the Chalca Cihuacuicatl. They came to sing for the lord Axayacatzin.The song and the dance were begun in the patio of the palace while Axayacatl was still inside in the house of his women. But in the beginning the song was poorly performed. A noble of Tlalmanalco was playing the music very clumsily, and making the great drum sound in a lazy offbeat way until finally in desperation he leaned down over it, not knowing what else to do.There, however, close to the place of the drums, was a man called Quecholcohuatzin, noble from Amecameca, a great singer and musician as well. When he saw that all was being lost and that the song and the dance were being ruined, he quickly placed himself next to the drum section. He picked up a drum and through his effort he gave new strength to the dance so that it would not be ruined. Thus Quecholcohuatzin made the people sing and dance. . . . Axayacatl who was still inside the palace, when he heard how marvelously Quecholcohuatzin played the music and made the people dance, was surprised, and his heart filled with excitement. He quickly arose and left the house of his women and joined in the dance. As Axayacatl approached the place of the dance his feet began to follow the music and he was overcome with joy as he heard the song and so he too began to dance and spin round and round.When the dance was over, the lord Axayacatl spoke, saying, “Fools, you have brought this fumbler before me, who played and directed the song. Don’t let him do it again.” The people from Chalco answered him, saying, “It is as you wish, supreme lord.” And because Axayacatl had given this command, all the nobles of Chalco became terrified. They stood there looking at each other, and it is said that truly they were very frightened.. . . But the lord Axayacatl was well pleased [with Quecholcohuatzin] and continued to take delight in the “Song of the Women of Chalco,” the Chalca Cihuacuicatl. So it was that once again he had the Chalcas, all of the nobles, return, and he asked them to give him the song and he also asked all those from Amecameca, because the song was theirs, it belonged to the tlailotlaque, the men who had returned. The song was their property, the “Song of the Warrior Women of Chalco.” Chimalpahin, Seventh Relation Ms. Mexicain 74, Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris Folios 174-176The indigenous historian Chimalpahin seemed quite certain that events on a certain day in 1479 had unfolded as he described them, though he wrote over a century later and saw it all through the refracting lens of the intervening Spanish conquest. Posterity has been the more inclined to believe him since there exists a song amongst those collected in the sixteenth century under the auspices of the Franciscans entitled “The Song of the Women of Chalco” (Chalca cihuacuicatl) in which the singer addresses Axayacatl as the conqueror of Chalco and as her own lord and master. But what can we in the twenty-first century make of these two sources? We might pursue a number of interpretive avenues. In this article I will ask specifically what we actually know about the fifteenth-century performance event, and what, if anything, we can glean from the song concerning the lives of the Nahua women in that nearly untranslatable category whom we know in English as “concubines.”

Renaissance Influences in English Colonization

1976 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 73-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
New World ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Material ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Humanistic Tradition

THE New World of the sixteenth century grew directly out of the Old not merely in a physical but in an intellectual sense. The men of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, who found the new lands overseas, were educated in a humanistic tradition which made the classical past, especially the Roman past, alive and relevant to them. Consequently, there is an element of continuity in the thinking about the discoveries and the problems they presented on the basis of older intellectual concepts, which continues to influence much of the thought of the sixteenth century about cosmography, natural history and about the planting of colonies in lands unknown to the ancients. It is astonishing how Ptolemy remained the standard bearer of the new discoveries: maps of the New World and other novel areas, added to his Geography for the first time in 1513, continued to proliferate in edition after edition until by the later sixteenth century the original maps and text had been so overlaid with new matter that they bore even less relationship to the original than the first issue of Gray's Anatomy has to the current edition. It was much the same with Pliny: the Natural History remained the starting point for New World and Asiatic botany and zoology throughout the sixteenth century. Oviedo in 1526 paid his respects to the master before suggesting that genuine novelties could now be added to his text: well before the end of the century Pliny too had been swamped in new material, though his text was also retained intact.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document