scholarly journals The 1947 Seelisberg Conference: The Foundation of the Jewish-Christian Dialogue

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Rutishauser
Keyword(s):  
Vantage Point ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Working Process ◽  
60Th Anniversary ◽  
The Past ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Joint Declaration ◽  
Looking Back

On the 60th Anniversary of the 1947 International Emergency Conference on Anti-Semitism in Seelisberg, Switzerland, this article provides an overview and analysis of: historical events leading up to this conference; the working process and results of the conference with a focus on the specific work of its various commissions, especially that of Commission III on the Role of the Churches and the Ten Points (Theses) of Seelisberg. Looking back from the present-day vantage point, it comments on the effects of its work over the past several decades, and closes with a brief summary of the 60th Anniversary Jewish-Christian scholarly conference hosted at Lasalle-Haus in Bad Schonbrunn, Switzerland -including the 2007 joint declaration by the Swiss Bishops Conference, the Federation of Swiss Protestant Churches and the Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities. An Addendum to the article provides a photograph and a list of the 1947 conference officers and commission participants.

A Guardian of the UN Charter: The UN Secretary-General at Seventy-Five

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Ravndal
Keyword(s):  
World Politics ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Sociological Institutionalism ◽  
Special Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Substantial Degree ◽  
Looking Back

AbstractOver the past seventy-five years, the UN secretary-general has come to occupy a highly visible position in world politics. While the UN Charter describes the post merely as the “chief administrative officer” of the organization, today it is widely recognized that the secretary-general also plays a central role in political matters. What makes the role of the UN secretary-general special? Where does the office's authority come from? As part of the special issue on “The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Looking Back to Look Forward,” this essay looks back at the tenures of previous UN secretaries-general and applies ideas from sociological institutionalism to argue that the UN secretary-general holds the position of a “guardian” of the UN Charter. The UN secretary-general, more than anyone else within the UN system, represents the UN overall. From this flows great responsibilities and challenges, as the UN secretary-general is often expected to step in when other parts of the UN are unable or unwilling to act, and to take the blame when things go wrong. But this special position also endows the office with a substantial degree of authority, which future holders of the office can use to shape policies and mobilize support as the UN seeks to address urgent global challenges.

scholarly journals War Remembrance in China and Its Influence on Sino-Japanese Relations in the 1950s – Early 1980s

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Vera A. Perminova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Joint Declaration ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Sensitive Issue ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
War Of Resistance

Problems of the past remain one of the most important factors that have plagued Sino-Japanese relations for the last few decades. Questions that are related to events of WWII and in particular events of the Second Sino-Japanese war are still relevant and remain a sensitive issue in contemporary China. Complicated postwar Sino-Japanese relations are not only caused by political and economic factors, but to a great extent are related to specific perceptions of events of the shared past in the first half of the 20th century by these two nations. Collective remembrance of Sino-Japanese wars and one of the most major wars of the 20th century – WWII – that was formed during the 20th centenary is vastly different in China and Japan, and still has a great impact on the dynamics of bilateral relations. The paper studies Chinese approaches to the interpretation of the Sino-Japanese war of resistance, role of the State and non-State actors in forming collective war remembrance in China during different stages of postwar development in the 20th century: during the first decades after the end of WWII (1950–70s), period of normalization of Sino-Japanese relations after 1972 – when a joint declaration was signed and “renewing” war remembrance in the 1980s.

scholarly journals Theory and Praxis: An Evaluation of the 1958 “One and Undivided” Mission Policy of the Methodist Church of Southern Africa 60 Years Later

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntobeko Dlamini
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Mission Statement ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
60Th Anniversary ◽  
Methodist Church ◽  
Black Clergy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Church ◽  
Looking Back

The year 2018 marked the 60th anniversary since the Methodist Church of Southern Africa (MCSA) resolved to be a “One and Undivided” church in 1958. It was at the peak of apartheid when the MCSA was brave enough to embark on a journey of oneness. This was a mission policy seeking to unite Methodist people of all races in the midst of segregation in South Africa. This paper, therefore, seeks to evaluate the implementation of this mission policy over the past 60 years. The paper will interrogate the inclusion of black clergy into critical positions in the church, the Black Methodist Consultation, and the formation of geographic circuits and cross-cultural stationing as means of achieving the mission statement. The important question in this study is: Looking back, 60 years later, is the MCSA now “One and Undivided?”

The Owl, the Nightingale and the Jew in the Thorn-bush: Relocating Anti-Semitism in Die Meistersinger

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Thomas Grey ◽  
Kirsten Paige
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
German Culture ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Forms ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Debate Poetry ◽  
Poetic Diction ◽  
Alternative Reading

AbstractFor the past twenty-five years a key piece of evidence for an anti-Semitic subtext in Wagner’s Die Meistersinger has been identified in the Grimm Brothers’ anti-Semitic tale ‘The Jew in the Thorn-bush’ and a possible allusion to this in the text of Walther’s Act I ‘trial song’. This article argues that the passages in question are better explained with reference to a medieval poetic tradition still prevalent in nineteenth-century German culture involving the vocal contest between birds, paradigmatically the owl and the nightingale. Since the twelfth century, the owl and the nightingale have debated the merits of high and low art, religious themes, social forms, poetic diction and more. The associations of pedantry and harsh, coarse vocal character with the figure of the owl maps readily onto the negative traits of Beckmesser, just as the contrasting associations of the melodious nightingale with springtime, courtship and ‘natural’ musicality align with traits of Wagner’s artist-hero, Walther von Stolzing. Rather than displacing the possible anti-Semitic reading of Beckmesser, however, this alternative reading of the Beckmesser–Walther antagonism through the lens of avian conflict or debate poetry relocates that reading within a broader discursive and figurative context, one that is more commensurate with the possible role of anti-Semitic subtexts within Wagner’s music dramas in general.

scholarly journals 5. The Basic Principles of The Working Process From Nature and the Role of Composition in Creating Landscape in Terms of Plein-Air

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Iarîna Savițkaia-Baraghin
Keyword(s):  
Training And Development ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Development Methods

Abstract Principles of possession of the landscape painting, applied by masters of the past, as well as theoretical elaborations of scientists in the field of chromatics, psychology and pedagogy of arts, become important components in improving training methods of artists in plein-air in contemporary conditions. The skills and knowledge gained in the process of pleinair studies form professional skills and improve the properties of painting and composition within the workshop. This studying outlines the stringency of training and development methods of creative individuality, especially in plein-air, where the principal teacher is the nature. The plein-air enriches color perception of the real world, located in the air, and mutual relationship of landscape with architecture and space determines knowledge of the issues of proportionality and subordination in compositions, educates sense of proportion and artistic taste. Improving visual mastery into the natural environment contributes to the formation to painters of the necessity to create outside the workshop, which is a necessary condition for the development of individuality and professional skills of the painter.

scholarly journals Kleinwaffen in "alten" und "neuen" Kriegen

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (127) ◽  
pp. 271-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Arms Transfers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Failing States ◽  
Looking Back

In the last decades the problem of the arms race has mostly been equated with the production and proliferation of weapons such as tanks, missiles or airplanes. However, recently there is growing evidence that small arms like machine guns, rifles, revolvers or hand grenades are worldwide the weapons responsible for most of the deaths in armed conflicts. Often, this is seen in connection with the phenomenon of the emergence of „new" intrastate wars characterized by privatisation and failing states. Looking back on the role of small arms in different types of war, it is argued that already in the past especially these arms have been used in situations beyond the „classical" wars. Presently, there importance derives from the global flood of small arms which is caused by government decisions in the past as well as by the purchasing power of the new warlords. The latter rely on powerful states involved in legal and illicit arms transfers as well as prornoting informal economies.

Economic History in the United States: Formative Years of a Discipline

1968 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Bible Reading ◽  
Looking Back

The American people have usually been regarded as forward-looking and progressive, willing frequently to move their activities from one place to another to attain their hopes and inclined to be impatient with the heritage of the past. But there seems to have been, almost from the beginning, a minority of people in this country who found pleasure in looking back over the road that they and their forebears had traveled and in encouraging a scholarly chronicling of such progress. Perhaps the fact that so many early immigrants came from western Europe, with its much longer high-ways of economic and cultural advance, had something to do with this. But there was also the circumstance that the early settlers in America, as well as many later migrants to our West, were a Bible-reading people. The Bible is, after all, a record of movements among peoples through the centuries, and the duty placed on members of Protestant churches to become thoroughly familiar with their source of divine guidance could well have implanted a bias toward, or a fondness for, historical ideas and writings. And the citizens of a new country, it may be suggested, could hardly fail to be conscious of change through time as a true fact of life.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

A literature review on firms' internationalisation through e-commerce

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Federica De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
International Business ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

The rise of e-commerce has brought considerable changes to the relationship between firms and consumers, especially within international business. Hence, understanding the use of such means for entering foreign markets has become critical for companies. However, the research on this issue is new and so it is important to evaluate what has been studied in the past. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of e-commerce and internationalisation studies to explicate how firms use e-commerce to enter new markets and to export. The studies are classified by theories and methods used in the literature. Moreover, we draw upon the internationalisation decision process (antecedents-modalities-consequences) to propose an integrative framework for understanding the role of e-commerce in internationalisation

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