scholarly journals influencia del pensamiento fenomenológico en el desarrollo de la disciplina etnográfica

Author(s):  
Cristopher Valdes

Esta investigación explora la relación epistemológica entre la antropología y la etnografía con la filosofía husserliana, desde una serie de autores que articulan las ideas de la fenomenología con los presupuestos de la etnografía, en especial, en lo concerniente al desarrollo de la noción de intersubjetividad. Una primera generación de autores incorpora de forma indirecta y parcial las bases epistemológicas y ontológicas de la propuesta filosófica de Husserl. Así, autores como Clifford Geertz, Maurice Natanson, Thomas Luckmann, Harold Garfinkel, Michael Agar y Thomas Csordas, construyeron parte de su pensamiento con la continuación de la fenomenología husserliana realizada por Merleau-Ponty y Alfred Schütz, utilizando los conceptos operatorios de ambos filósofos. Aun así, la profundidad y rigurosidad en el tratamiento de estos conceptos fenomenológicos por esta primera generación llevará a un manejo de la noción de intersubjetividad de forma más restringida y específica que los planteamientos realizados por Husserl. En los años 70 y 80, las influyentes y discutibles críticas realizadas por Bourdieu y Derrida a la filosofía husserliana tuvieron un importante eco en la antropología y la etnografía, propiciando el abandono del tratamiento directo de las ideas de Husserl. A pesar de esto, en las últimas dos décadas, autores como Michael Agar, Michael Jackson, Vincent Crapanzano, Alessandro Duranti, Jason Throop conforman una tercera generación que retoma las ideas husserlianas, logrando establecer una serie de dimensiones y aplicabilidades del concepto de intersubjetividad introducido y desarrollado por Husserl, que podrían servir de fundamento posible para un estudio de la condición humana y la cultura. This research explores the epistemological relationship between anthropology and ethnography with Husserlian philosophy, from a series of authors who articulate the ideas of phenomenology with the presuppositions of ethnography, especially as regards the development of the notion of intersubjectivity. The first generation of authors indirectly and partially incorporate the epistemological and ontological bases of Husserl’s philosophical proposal. Thus, authors such as Clifford Geertz, Maurice Natanson, Thomas Luckmann, Harold Garfinkel, Michael Agar, and Thomas Csordas, built part of their thinking with the continuation of the Husserlian phenomenology performed by Merleau-Ponty and Alfred Schütz, using the operative concepts of both philosophers. Even so, the depth and rigor in the treatment of these phenomenological concepts by this first generation will lead to a handling of the notion of intersubjectivity in a more restricted and specific way than the approaches made by Husserl. In the 70s and 80s, the influential and debatable criticisms made by Bourdieu and Derrida to Husserlian philosophy, had an important echo in anthropology and ethnography, leading to the abandonment of the direct treatment of Husserl’s ideas. Despite this, in the last two decades, authors such as Michael Agar, Michael Jackson, Vincent Crapanzano, Alessandro Duranti, Jason Throop, make up a third generation that takes up Husserlian ideas, managing to establish a series of dimensions and applications of the intersubjectivity concept introduced and developed by Husserl, which could serve as a possible basis for a study of the human condition and culture.

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1313-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarice Moreira Portugal ◽  
Mônica de Oliveira Nunes

O artigo tem por objetivo refletir acerca das abordagens antropológicas do sofrimento nos cultos afro-brasileiros, considerando desde aquelas centradas na dimensão simbólica até as mais afins à fenomenologia e à antropologia simétrica. Para tanto, faz-se inicialmente uma breve exposição acerca dos paradigmas estrutural e simbólico na antropologia, privilegiando a obra de Claude Lévi-Strauss e Clifford Geertz. A seguir, apresenta-se uma discussão concernente à apropriação da teoria fenomenológica pelas ciências sociais e às leituras mais voltadas para a problemática das práticas, enfatizando em nossa leitura autores como Alfred Schütz e Annemarie Mol. Por fim, propõe-se uma nova abordagem teórico-metodológica que denominamos cartoetnografia - baseada no conceito de modos de existência desenvolvido por Bruno Latour - como uma espécie de híbrido que nos permitiria, sem negligenciar a dimensão simbólica, explorar o problema da aflição nos cultos afro-brasileiros a partir da fruição das afecções, dando visibilidade à construção dessa experiência por meio das práticas que lhe dão forma.


2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Hammersley

The work of Alfred Schutz was an important early influence on Harold Garfinkel and therefore on the development of ethnomethodology. In this article, I try to clarify what Garfinkel drew from Schutz, as well as what he did not take from him, specifically as regards the task of social inquiry. This is done by focusing in detail on one of Schutz’s key articles: ‘Concept and Theory Formation in the Social Sciences’. The aim is thereby to illuminate the relationship between Schutz’s views on the character of social science and Garfinkel’s radical proposal for a re-specified focus of investigation. This is further pursued by examining an important debate about the link between Schutz and ethnomethodology.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Teresa Ríos Saavedra

El presente artículo tiene como propósito exponer un camino hermenéutico de investigación educacional que puede constituirse en un nuevo estilo de investigación cualitativa el cual ofrecería una convergencia que complementa los aportes de otras investigaciones que abordan las problemáticas emergentes en el sistema educativo. Desde el enfoque comprensivo interpretativo que ofrece la hermenéutica, expondremos una articulación entre la hermenéutica reflexiva de Paul Ricoeur y la antropología hermenéutica de Clifford Geertz, cuyo puente es un método reflexivo fenomenológico inspirado en la actitud fenomenológica de Alfred Schutz. Esta combinación de elementos abre un camino develador de sentidos que permanecen encubiertos en las acciones y los discursos de los sujetos investigados. Este artículo está basado en la experiencia obtenida en una tesis doctoral que aborda, desde una perspectiva hermenéutica, la configuración de sentidos en un grupo de jóvenes con problemas socioeconómicos que estudian en un liceo municipalizado de Santiago.


2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Darr

Since the 1990s, a new type of Holocaust story has been emerging in Israeli children's literature. This new narrative is directed towards very young children, from preschool to the first years of elementary school, and its official goal is to instil in them an authentic ‘first Holocaust memory’. This essay presents the literary characteristics of this new Holocaust narrative for children and its master narrative. It brings into light a new profile of both writers and readers. The writers were young children during the Holocaust, and first chose to tell their stories from the safe distance of three generations. The readers are their grand-children and their grand-children's peers, who are assigned an essential role as listeners. These generational roles – the roles of a First Generation of writers and of a Third Generation of readers – are intrinsically familial ones. As such, they mark a significant change in the profile of yet another important figure in the Israeli intergenerational Holocaust discourse, the agent of the Holocaust story for children. Due to the new literary initiatives, the task of providing young children with a ‘first Holocaust memory’ is transferred from the educational authority, where it used to reside, to the domestic sphere.


Fachsprache ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Margarete Flöter-Durr ◽  
Thierry Grass

Despite the work of Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson (1989), the concept of relevance has not enjoyed the popularity it deserved among translators as it appears to be more productive in information science and sociology than in translation studies. The theory of relevance provides underpinnings of a unified account of translation proposed by Ernst-August Gutt. However, if the concept of relevance should take into account all parameters of legal translation, the approach should be pragmatic and not cognitive: The aim of a relevant translation is to produce a legal text in the target language which appears relevant to the lawyer in the target legal system, namely a text that can be used in the same way as the original source text. The legal translator works as a facilitator from one legal system into another and relevance is the core of this pragmatic approach which requires translation techniques like adaptation rather than through-translation or calque (in the terminology of Delisle/Lee-Jahnk/Cormier 1999). This contribution tries to show that relevance theory, which was developed in the field of sociology by Alfred Schütz, could also be applied to translation theory with the aim of producing a correct translation in a concrete situation. Some examples extracted from one year of the practice of an expert law translator (German-French) at the Court of Appeal in the Alsace region illustrate our claim and underpin an approach of legal translation and its heuristics that is both pragmatic and reflexive.


Author(s):  
Eviatar Zerubavel

Following in the rich intellectual footsteps of Emile Durkheim, Karl Mannheim, Alfred Schutz, and Ludwik Fleck, this chapter lays out the foundations for the sociology of thinking, or “cognitive sociology.” Focusing on the impersonal, normative, and conventional dimensions of the way we think (and, as such, on its distinctness from both cognitive individualism and universalism), it highlights the distinctly sociological concern with intersubjectivity as well as epistemic commitment to the study of thought communities, cognitive traditions, cognitive norms, cognitive socialization, cognitive conventions, and the politics of cognition.


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