scholarly journals Problemática de estudio en el caso de los retratos de El- Fayum

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Consuelo Isabel Caravaca Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History

The mummification process of the ancient Egyptians has created great myths about this civilization but the process of creating the mummies was not immutable throughout the entire history of Egypt. Such is so, that before El-Fayum's portraits we find ourselves facing the best example in which three great civilisations converge, such as Egypt, Greece and Rome, in the same space-time framework. Nevertheless, this fact has meant a grievance as for its conservation, not having a clear answer about which researchers were better prepared to study them. Another one of the most outstanding peculiarities of these portraits, is the pictorial technique used, the great information it give us about the physical aspect of the mummy and even the social position they occupied, since until the appearance of these portraits, not everyone could afford a funeral in which its remains were mummified. El proceso de momificación de los antiguos egipcios ha creado grandes mitos acerca de esta civilización pero no durante toda la historia de Egipto el proceso de creación de las momias fue inmutable. Tal es así, que ante los retratos de El- Fayum nos encontramos frente al mejor ejemplo en el que convergen tres grandes civilizaciones, como son Egipto, Grecia y Roma, en un mismo marco espacio-temporal. Sin embargo, este hecho ha significado un agravio a la hora de su conservación, al no tener claro que investigadores estarían mejor preparados para estudiarlas. Otras de las peculiaridades más destacadas de estos retratos, son la técnica pictórica utilizada, la gran información que nos aportan sobre el aspecto físico de la momia e incluso la posición social a la que pertenecían ya que hasta la aparición de estos retratos, no todo el mundo podía permitirse un sepelio en el que sus restos fuesen momificados.

scholarly journals Social and Cultural Context Affecting the Activities of Women Painters of Pahlavi Era (1925-1978)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Azadeh Alipoor Heris ◽  
Abolghasem Dadvar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Cultural Foundations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Different factors were affecting the presence of women during the Pahlavi era. In new structures after the constitutional period and along with the absolute modernism of Pahlavi, discourses changes were made based on democracy, socialism, Shia resistance and autonomy, court to government and political figures to people. During this period the role of women was formed on the basis of their social position and in their gender approach it changed from a <class in itself> to a <class for self>. The consequences of social contexts led to witness more active presence of women during Pahlavi era compared with the past periods particularly in the visual arts arena; so that the history of the Tehran galleries from 1953-1978 which reflects their activities during that time confirms this fact. The purpose of the present essay is to analyze the social contexts which have attracted women from margin to the center and attending to them since no study has been done in this respect seems essential and it’s an attempt to answer the question that what social contexts have been influential in boosting up the presence of women especially women painters of Pahlavi era? In this research the data collect is library type and filed study and it has been compiled in a comparative descriptive-analytic method, the origin and social contexts of the women painters of the Pahlavi era whose works were displayed were studied and analyzed and it can be inferred that the presence of supportive men in families, education, social context, urban life, publicizing the culture thanks to the cultural foundations and media, the actual and legal presence of the queen, government support due to cultural policies, women social movements, and the transformation of the women role in twentieth century had decisive role on enhancing the social position of women particularly the role of the women painters of the second Pahlavi era.

Pay and Superannuation in the Roman Army

1950 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 50-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Brunt
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The importance of the Roman army in the social history of the Empire needs no stressing. The financial and, therefore, the social position of the soldier cannot be assessed without an estimate of the pay that he received during service and of the lumpsums or grants of land that he secured on retirement. The conclusions of A. von Domaszewski on this question have hitherto been generally accepted; but, as they have recently been sharply challenged and certainly rest too frequently on ingenious combinations which do not give the certainty claimed for them, it may be convenient to assemble and analyse the evidence once more, even if the conclusions suggested prove to agree in the main with those of Domaszewski. I shall seek to distinguish certainty from probability, and both from mere conjecture.

scholarly journals Chiefs of the Gendarme District in Siberia: Social Portrait

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Petr P. Rumyantsev
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Aged People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time

The Siberian gendarme district existed longer than all other gendarme districts in the Russian Empire – almost 70 years, and was liquidated at the beginning of the 20th century. Since there are no research projects aimed at the study of the social portrait of the leaders of this district until now, this problem was chosen as the focus of this article. The study is based on an analysis of the personnel and service records of gendarme officers kept in archives, many of them are newly discovered and published for the first time, and orders to the servicemen of the Gendarmerie Corps and legislative acts of the central government. The article concludes by arguing that in the entire history of the district only ten people held the position of the Chief, and the average term of their office was 5 years and 8 months. They were all middle-aged people, professional military, who for various reasons transferred to the gendarmerie service, for whom it was the main source of income. For all ten persons who held the post of district gendarmerie chief in Siberia, it was both the peak and the last stage of their gendarmerie career, the work associated with this post they carried out diligently and fulfilled all required duties.

Nothing to Declare: Identity, Shame, and the Lower Middle Class

PMLA ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Felski
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Scholarly Writing ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Class Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Petite Bourgeoisie ◽  
The Buddha

In contemporary literary and cultural studies, little attention has been paid to the lower middle class, described by one scholar as “the social class with the lowest reputation in the entire history of class theory.” This article discusses the representation of the lower middle class in literature and scholarly writing. George Orwell's novels of the 1930s and Hanif Kureishi's The Buddha of Suburbia offer some illuminating perspectives on the British lower middle class, though Orwell's novels also reveal a conspicuous disdain for their subject. This disdain is echoed in much of the scholarly writing on the lower middle class. Decried for its reactionary attitudes by Marxists, the “petite bourgeoisie” also poses problems for a contemporary cultural politics based on the idealization of transgression and on the romance of marginality. Rather than embody an outmoded or anachronistic class formation, however, the lower middle class may offer an important key to the contemporary meaning of class.

scholarly journals Transposição matricial de conflitos. Um contributo para a história da ciência no ensino

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 761-773
Author(s):  
Carlos Fortes Antunes ◽  
José Alberto Correia ◽  
Henrique Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Empirical Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Resumo A alternância dicotómica da história da ciência entre o género individual e o social tem dificultado a sua implementação no ensino. O conjunto de informações empíricas recolhidas num processo de investigação, ainda em curso, efetuado através de grupos de discussão focalizada e com base na conjugação da fenomenologia com a teoria fundamentada nos dados, permitiram identificar dinâmicas de conflitos em diferentes fases das transições, envolvendo a escola e o mundo do trabalho, de 66 indivíduos na região do Porto. A reinterpretação da informação empírica levou-nos a colocar o processo de desenvolvimento da história da ciência, lado a lado com o processo da mediação dos conflitos. A mediação transposta de conflitos que geraram o desenvolvimento do conhecimento pode contribuir para a implementação da história da ciência no ensino. Palavras-chave: mediação; conflito; matriz espaço-tempo; história Abstract Dichotomous switching of the history of science between the individual and the social gender have hampered its implementation in teaching. The set of empirical information collected in the process of investigation, still under way, conducted through focus groups and based on combination of phenomenology with grounded theory, enabled us to identify conflict dynamics at different stages of transitions, involving the school and the world of work, of 66 individuals in the region of Porto. The reinterpretation of the empirical information led us to place the development process of the history of science, alongside the process of mediation of conflicts. The transposed mediation of conflicts that generated the development of knowledge can contribute to the implementation of the history of science in teaching. Keywords: mediation; conflict; space-time matrix; history

The Changing SPD in the Schröder Era

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Jun
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History

Public opinion data gathered from the latest surveys on Germany's upcoming parliamentary elections have turned out to be disheartening for the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Without exception, the Social Democrats take second place and lag behind the Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) by several percentage points (Fig. 1). Today, only a few months before the next parliamentary election, a repetition of the electoral victory to the extent of 1998 seems to be rather unlikely. We are therefore faced with the perplexing question of how the SPD could arrive at such a disadvantageous position given the historic electoral success of 1998, when the party achieved its second-best result at parliamentary elections since Word War II. Is the SPD powerless against a strong tendency of the German electorate to cast its ballot in favor of the CDU/CSU, which has pervaded almost the entire history of the Federal Republic of Germany and has been described as “a permanent discrimination of the SPD against the CDU/CSU in the competition of parties.” Or is this situation just a snapshot without deeper consequences for the party?

scholarly journals Nicholas Hans and the assessment of Soviet school policy of the Russian pedagogical émigré at the turn of 1920’s – 1930’s

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Oleg Efimovich Osovskiy ◽  
Vera Petrovna Kirzhaeva
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
School Policy ◽  
Soviet School ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Situation

This article reviews the problem of perception and assessment of the process of school building in USSR by the Russian pedagogical émigré at the turn of 1920’s – 1930’s. Having set the goal of creating the Russian foreign school, pedagogues and leaders of the social-pedagogical movement took a close eye on what was happening to the school homeward, assessed it with critical objectivity, highlighting the positive changes and pointing at dangerous tendencies. These issues are the focus of attention in the articles of Sergius Hessen, N. F. Novozhilov, A. L. Bem and N. A. Hans in the émigré pedagogical periodicals. Using the principles of the traditional historical-pedagogical research, approaches of content analysis and case study, the author determine the methodology applied by Nicholas Hans for analyzing the Soviet educational policy and school system. The authors reveal the scholar’s position, according to which the characteristic to the entire history of national school antagonism between radical and autocratic traditions finds its continuation in the Soviet school,  that in turn, allows extrapolating the conclusions based on the development stages of prerevolutionary school towards new situation. N. A. Hans uses similar approach in preparation of works about the Soviet school policy, addressed to the English audience. For the first time the authors introduce into the scientific discourse a number of Russian and English language publications of N. A. Hans, a notable participant of the social-pedagogical process of Russian émigré community, but yet unfamiliar to Russian audience. Nicholas Hans was one of the few Russian émigré, who was able to integrate into the scientific educational space of the Great Britain and became a prominent pedagogue-comparativist.

scholarly journals An Overview on the Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Vitiligo: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
Dhaifallah Alrokwi Alenizi ◽  
Abdulrahman Munis W. Al-Ruwaili ◽  
Wael Salamah Thiyab Alanazi ◽  
Abdulazez Aweed Mehdy Alonezy ◽  
Talal Ahmed A. Albalawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factor ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Strong Linkage ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Epidemiology Studies

Vitiligo is one of the complex diseases that has existed during the entire history of humanity and so far we have not fully understood it, serval theories have been proposed most of them suggest strong linkage between deficiencies in certain genes and the disease, refereeing that the disease has strong genetic factor that plays a rule in triggering the disease, and the epidemiology studies confirms also that theory due to higher incidence in people who have siblings but this theory does not fully unlocks the full causes of the disease as it seems also to have strong environmental triggers. One of the biggest problem about the disease and the QoL is not the disease lifestyle itself but rather the social and psychological effects of the disease and the social acceptance impact, because it affects the appearance of its patients and thus affects their social acceptance leading to some serious psychological and depressive disorders, and that effects differs from society to another and by different categories, that’s why psychological follow up and treatment is critical part of the overall treatment. In this review, we overview recent updates in epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of vitiligo.

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

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