scholarly journals Aportaciones de la teoría de la autodeterminación a la predicción de la satisfacción escolar en estudiantes universitarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Manuel Tomás ◽  
Melchor Gutiérrez

La literatura especializada ofrece evidencias de que en todo el mundo las tasas de deserción universitaria son elevadas, generando inconvenientes para los propios estudiantes, para la institución a la que pertenecen y para la sociedad en general. Los determinantes del abandono de los estudios son diversos, considerando uno de los más importantes la satisfacción de los estudiantes con su entorno educativo. La satisfacción académica de los estudiantes depende en gran medida del clima motivacional del aula y de la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, fundamento de la teoría de la autodeterminación. En el marco teórico de la motivación autodeterminada y de la psicología positiva, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la capacidad predictiva del apoyo a la autonomía por los profesores sobre la satisfacción académica de los alumnos, mediado por la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de los estudiantes. Los participantes son 752 estudiantes universitarios dominicanos. Instrumentos: Percepción de Apoyo a la Autonomía por los Profesores, Satisfacción Necesidades de las Psicológicas Básicas de los Estudiantes, y Conectividad Académica. Los datos se analizan a través de dos Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales con variables latentes, uno con mediación total y otro con mediación parcial. Los resultados muestran que el apoyo a la autonomía se relaciona positivamente con la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas; las necesidades básicas se relacionan positivamente con la satisfacción académica; y también aparece un efecto positivo y directo del apoyo a la autonomía por los profesores sobre la satisfacción académica de los estudiantes universitarios. The specialized literature offers evidence that university dropout rates are high throughout the world, creating problems for the students themselves, for the institution to which they belong, and for society in general. The determining factors of dropout are diverse, considering the student satisfaction with their educational environment as one of the most important ones. There is also evidence that the students’ satisfaction with their academic environment depends to a large extent on the classroom motivational climate and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, main elements of the self-determination theory. In the theoretical framework of self-determined motivation and positive psychology, the objective of this paper is to analyze the predictive capacity of teachers’ autonomy support on students’ academic satisfaction, mediated by the satisfaction of the students’ basic psychological needs. Participants are 752 Dominican university students. Instruments: Perceived Teachers’ Autonomy Support, Students’ Basic Psychological Needs Scale, and Academic Connectedness Scale. The data has been analyzed through two Structural Equation Models with latent variables, a total mediational model and a partial mediational model. The results show that support for autonomy is positively related to the satisfaction of basic psychological needs; that basic needs are positively related to academic satisfaction; and that there is also a positive and direct effect of autonomy support by teachers on university students’ academic satisfaction.

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-471
Author(s):  
Jorge Vergara-Morales ◽  
Milenko Del Valle ◽  
Alejandro Díaz ◽  
Lennia Matos ◽  
María-Victoria Pérez

Los objetivos del estudio fueron identificar los perfiles motivacionales de estudiantes universitarios y evaluar sus diferencias en cuanto a la satisfacción académica. Los participantes fueron 882 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 50 años, procedentes de nueve universidades chilenas. Los perfiles motivacionales se identificaron mediante análisis de conglomerados, siguiendo la combinación de métodos jerárquicos y no jerárquicos. El análisis de conglomerados se realizó incluyendo las siguientes variables motivacionales: (1) motivación autónoma, (2) motivación controlada, (3) percepción de apoyo a la autonomía, y (4) percepción de control de la autonomía. Las diferencias entre los perfiles se evaluaron a través de la prueba Anova unifactorial, considerando el cálculo del tamaño del efecto y el análisis post-hoc de Games-Howell. Los resultados del análisis de conglomerados apoyaron una solución de cuatro perfiles motivacionales: mala calidad (n = 167), baja cantidad (n = 144), buena calidad (n = 333), y alta cantidad (n = 238). Además, los estudiantes agrupados en los perfiles con mayores niveles de autonomía para el aprendizaje, presentaron los niveles más altos de satisfacción académica. Como conclusión, se destaca la importancia que tienen los factores motivacionales para facilitar el desarrollo del bienestar de los estudiantes universitarios. The aims of the study were to identify the motivational profiles of university students and to assess their differences according the academic satisfaction. The participants were 882 students aged 17 to 50, from nine Chilean universities. Motivational profiles were identified by cluster analysis, following the combination of hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods. The cluster analysis was perform including the following motivational variables: (1) autonomous motivation, (2) controlled motivation, (3) perception of autonomy support, and (4) perception of autonomy control. The differences among the profiles were assessed through the one way Anova test, considering the effect size calculation, and the Games-Howell post-hoc analysis. The cluster analysis results supported a four motivational profiles solution: poor quality (n = 167), low quantity (n = 144), good quality (n = 333), and high quantity (n = 238). Moreover, students grouped into profiles with higher levels of autonomy for learning, presented the highest levels of academic satisfaction. In conclusion, the importance of motivational factors to facilitate the development of university students’ well-being is highlighted.


2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingi Petitemberte Klain ◽  
Dihogo Gama de Matos ◽  
José Carlos Leitão ◽  
Luís Cid ◽  
João Moutão

AbstractThis research aimed to analyze the validity of the relations hypothesized by the theory of self-determination in predicting adherence to physical exercise in fitness academy users and subjects following personal training. A total of 588 persons from Pelotas / RS / Brazil (405 gym users and 183 subjects following personal training) completed the Portuguese version of the three questionnaires, i.e. the Perceived Autonomy Support Climate Exercise Questionnaire, Basic Psychological Needs in the Exercise Scale and Behavioral Regulation in the Exercise Questionnaire −2. The results support the factorial structure of the questionnaires used in this sample. There was a significant multivariate effect of context on self-determination for physical exercise training [Wilks’ λ = 0.934, F (10, 576.000) = 4.03, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.01]. The hypothesized structural equation model, which considered the self-determination theory, showed a good fit to the data (S-B χ2 = 234.703; p= .001; df = 52; χ2/df = 4.514; SRMS = .049; NNFI = .906; CFI = .926; RMSEA = .077; RMSEA 90% CI = .067 − .088). However, in the comparative analysis, the perception of autonomy support, relatedness and competence were significantly higher in the context of personal training, while the amotivation and external regulation were significantly higher in the context of fitness academies.


Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Gómez-Mazorra ◽  
David Sánchez-Oliva ◽  
Antonio Labisa-Palmeira

Analizar la asociación entre las variables de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (TAD), la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TCP), el entorno universitario y la práctica de Actividad Física (AF) en tiempo libre en estudiantes universitarios. 363 estudiantes participaron y completaron cuestionario para analizar la satisfacción y la frustración de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (NPB), los procesos motivacionales, percepciones para la intención y el nivel de AF en tiempo libre. Se obtuvo diferencias significativas para el nivel de AF con relación al género, los estudiantes muy activos y que trabajan, tienen mayor satisfacción de NPB, motivación autodeterminada e intención para la práctica de AF; pertenecer a áreas de formación en salud, educación y recibir deporte formativo, genera mayores niveles de frustración de autonomía, desmotivación y regulación externa. El análisis de regresión mostró como el género y la regulación integrada son predictoras comunes para la AF moderada vigorosa (AFMV) y la AF total (AFT). Los factores sociodemográficos, el entorno universitario y los factores motivacionales ayudan a explicar la intención y la práctica de AF en tiempo libre y sus diferencias serán determinantes para educar conductas saludables. Abstract. To analyze the association between variables of the Theory of Self-Determination (SDT), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the university environment, and the practice of Physical Activity (PA) in leisure time in university students. A sample of 363 students participated and completed a questionnaire to analyze satisfaction and frustration of Basic Psychological Needs (BPN), motivational processes, intention perceptions, and PA levels in leisure time. Significant differences were found regarding PA levels by gender; students who are very active and students workers have greater satisfaction of BPN, self-determined regulation, and intention to practice PA; belonging to education fields in health or education, and receiving sports training, generate higher levels of frustration of autonomy, demotivation, and external regulation. The regression analysis showed that gender and integrated regulation are common predictors of moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) and total PA (TPA). Sociodemographic factors, university environment, and motivational factors help explain the intention and practice of PA in leisure time and their differences will be decisive in educating healthy behaviors.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alcaraz Ibañez ◽  
Alvaro Sicilia ◽  
María J. Lirola ◽  
Rafael Burgueño

Basado en la teoría de la autodeterminación y en el modelo dual de pasión, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de la percepción de satisfacción y frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas en el contexto del ejercicio físico sobre las formas armoniosa (PA) y obsesiva (PO) de la pasión por esta actividad, considerando si dicha relación podría diferir en función del género. Un total de 490 estudiantes universitarios (356 hombres y 114 mujeres) de entre 17 y 44 años (Medad= 20.49; DT= 3.38) que manifestaron realizar ejercicio físico al menos una vez por semana, completaron un cuestionario que recogía las variables de interés. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mostraron que, en general, la satisfacción y la frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas predecían de forma positiva la PO, mientras que tan solo la satisfacción de las necesidades predecía la PA. No obstante, se observaron diferencias en función del género en el efecto que la frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas ejercía sobre ambas formas de pasión. En conjunto, la satisfacción y la frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas explicaron un 25% y un 44% de la varianza de la PA en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente, situándose dichos porcentajes en el 32% y el 14% en el caso de la PO. Estos resultados sugieren que, al menos en población masculina, las intervenciones destinadas a disminuir la percepción de frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas en el contexto del ejercicio podrían contribuir a disminuir una implicación obsesiva en esta conducta.Palabras clave: Teoría de la autodeterminación, modelo dual de pasión, teoría de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, pasión armoniosa, pasión obsesiva. Effects of satisfaction and thwarting of basic psychological needs on the forms of passion for exerciseABSTRACTBased on both self-determination theory and dualistic model of passion, the main purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the satisfaction and thwarting of basic psychological needs perceived in the context of exercise on the development of harmonious (HP) and obsessive (OP) forms of passion for exercise, considering additionally if such relationship could differs across gender. A total of 398 university students (256 men and 114 women), aged between 17 and44 (Mage= 20.49; SD = 3.38) and involved in exercise at least once a week, filled a questionnaire that assessed the variables of interest. The results of structural equation model showed that, in general, both satisfaction and thwarting of basic psychological needs predicted positively OP, whereas only the satisfaction of needs predicted positively HP. Furthermore, results revealed gender differences in the effect of the thwarting of needs on both forms of passion. As a whole, both satisfaction and thwarting of needs explained 25% and 44% of the variance in HP in men and women, respectively, being those percentages 32% and 14% for OP. From a practical point of view, these results suggest that, at least in males, interventions aimed at decreasing experiences of the thwarting of needs in the exercise context could contribute to diminish an obsessive commitment to this behaviour.Keywords: Self-determination theory; dualistic model of passion; basic psychological needs theory; harmonious passion; obsessive passion.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Baena-Extremera ◽  
Antonio Granero-Gallegos ◽  
Raúl Baños ◽  
María Ortiz-Camacho

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze a model of prediction of satisfaction with bilingual physical education from basic psychological needs and motivation. Methods: The sample consisted of 758 students (347 men and 411 women) in secondary education in Spain, aged between 13 years and 18 years (M = 15.22, SD = 1.27). Questionnaires of the Scale of Psychological Basic Needs, Perceived Locus of Causality, and the bilingual Scale Satisfaction Instrument (SSI-PE), all adapted to physical education were used in the exercise. Results: Descriptive analyses, correlation and structural equation models were performed. Intrinsic motivation showed a high and positive relationship with identity regulation and satisfaction/fun, and boredom negatively correlated with all scales except amotivation. Conclusion: The equations in this model prove that autonomy is the best predictor of intrinsic motivation, and that this is the best predictor of satisfaction in bilingual physical education.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-59
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahid Maitlo ◽  
Rehman Gul Gilal ◽  
Irfan Ali Mirani

Marketing has drastically changed in the last two decades. It has been transformed from traditional to experiential science where organizations are constrained to adopt the strategical and experiential models to survive, grow, and lead in today’s cutting edge completion. In such a case, service experience has become a central point of exploration of how it could positively influence customer behavioral outcomes. In this study, the relationship between service experience and university passion surrounded by basic psychological need theory is explored in the context of education.  A non-probability e-convenience sampling technique was adopted and a total of 432 respondents contributed to this research by submitting their responses. The data were analyzed using the latest version of SmartPLS. The structural equation modeling was used to explore the hypothetical relationship between all latent variables i.e. service experience, esthetics, escapist, entertainment, education, basic psychological need, and university passion. The results of this study have revealed that consumers with extraordinary service experience are likely to be passionate keeping in view their basic psychological needs. Thus, university passion is directly linked with the service experience offered by the university.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Lozano-Jiménez ◽  
Elisa Huéscar ◽  
Juan Antonio Moreno-Murcia

Using the Self-Determination Theory as a framework, this study tests the predictive capacity of the teacher’s interpersonal style of autonomy support at a higher education institution, and the grit on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, intrinsic motivation, group cohesion, and life satisfaction in university students. A sample composed of 489 Colombian university students (381 women and 108 men), aged between 18 and 41 years (M = 21.93; DT = 3.58), was used; they filled in the questionnaires that measured the variables of interest. After the analysis of structural equations, the results showed that the perception of teaching style of autonomy support and the grit positively predicted the basic psychological needs and these predicted the intrinsic motivation, which in turn predicted group cohesion and satisfaction with life. The model describes the possible importance of promoting the teacher’s interpersonal style of autonomy support within the university setting in the search for satisfaction with life along with the active role of the student through the mediation of the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, increased quality motivation, and high group cohesion.


Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 699-712
Author(s):  
Mabel Gómez-Mazorra ◽  
Tomás Reyes-Amigo ◽  
Hernán Gilberto Tovar Torres ◽  
David Sánchez-Oliva ◽  
Antonio Labisa-Palmeira

Introducción: Cambios en las conductas o adopción de estilos de vida poco saludables están presentes con la evolución de la edad y la modificación de entornos educativos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo identificar la evidencia científica existente en torno al comportamiento hacia la actividad física en tiempo libre y la evolución de la intención de ser físicamente activo durante la transición escolar a la universidad en estudiantes universitarios desde la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, la Teoría de Comportamiento Planeado y el Modelo Trans-Contextual. Método: 472 artículos originales en SPORTDiscus y búsqueda manual, hasta junio del 2019, de los cuales 54 estudios cumplieron criterios de inclusión. La Teoría de la Autodeterminación fue la más implementada en los estudios seleccionados. Resultados: La combinación de teorías ha ampliado la posibilidad de analizar el comportamiento hacia la actividad física desde otros constructos. Conclusiones: Asociaciones significativas y positivas entre el apoyo social, la satisfacción de necesidades psicológicas básicas y la motivación autodeterminada, favorecen la intención y la práctica real de la actividad física, si se aminoran las barreras percibidas y se tiene en cuenta las diferencias de género y de contexto; los procesos de transición escolar favorecen la adherencia hacia un estilo de vida activo, si se cuenta con experiencias positivas percibidas en la clase de educación física, la actividad física extraescolar y la actividad física promovida en el entorno universitario.  Abstract. Introduction: Changes in behaviors or adoption of unhealthy lifestyles are present with the evolution of age and the modification of educational environments. This review aims to identify the existing scientific evidence around the behavior toward physical activity in leisure time and the evolution of the intention to be physically active during the school transition to university in university students from the Theory of Self-determination, the Theory of Behavior Planned and the Trans-Contextual Model. Method: 472 original articles in SPORTDiscus and manual search, up to June 2019, of which 54 studies met inclusion criteria. Results: The Self-determination Theory was the most widely implemented in the selected studies. The combination of theories has expanded the possibility of analyzing behavior towards physical activity from other constructs. Conclusions: Significant and positive associations between social support, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation, favor the intention and actual practice of physical activity, if perceived barriers are reduced and gender and context differences are taken into account; School transition processes favor adherence to an active lifestyle, if there are positive experiences perceived in physical education class, extracurricular physical activity and physical activity promoted in the university environment.


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