scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PRODUCTION AND RESEARCH OF POLYMERS COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH INCREASED STRENGTH

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Rena E. Mustafaeva
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Atactic Polypropylene ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Increased Strength ◽  
Tearing Resistance ◽  
Constant Deformation

The work is devoted to the search for new effective modifying additives that allow to purposefully regulate the technological properties of rubber compounds and physical-mechanical properties of rubbers based on combinations of non-polar rubbers and at the same time being cheaper and more affordable than traditional products, in particular, with resorcinol-urotropin complex (modifier RU -1). It was proposed to use as a modifier of frame rubbers based on a combination of isoprene (SKI-3) and butadiene-styrene (SCS-30ARKM-15) rubbers, chlorinated atactic polypropylene (CHAPP). It is shown that when the RU-1 modifier is replaced with this compound, the conditional stresses and tensile strength, tearing resistance, rebound elasticity, fatigue resistance in the regime of constant deformation amplitude, heat resistance, resistance to thermal aging of rubbers, as well as the strength of rubber bonding with rubber Textile cord, including at elevated temperatures are observed. Comparison of the CHAPP for the effectiveness of the action in the carcass gum with the previously proposed oligoefirmetacrylate epichlorhydrine, from the point of view of the provided complex of properties, showed the advantage of chlorinated atactic polypropylene for a number of priority indicators. From the comparative analysis of the modifying activity of chlorinated atactic polypropylene and oligoether methacrylate epichlorohydrin, it follows that the vulcanizates of rubber compounds containing instead of RU-1 chlorinated atactic polypropylene CHAPP are characterized by more improved parameters of hardness in TM-2, elasticity by rebound, the strength of the rubber-cord connection. It is also revealed that the main advantage of the proposed modifier is the low cost of the modifier used, as well as the use of secondary raw materials for its production.Forcitation:Mustafayeva R.E. Technological aspects of production and research of polymers composite materials with increased strength. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 10. P. 82-86

Bamboo Waste-based Bio-composite Substance: An application for Low-cost Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Teodoro Astorga Amatosa ◽  
Michael E. Loretero
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
Natural Treatment

Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.

scholarly journals Modeling of complex construction problems for randomly changing technological processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1199 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
P. Knast ◽  
A. Kołodziej ◽  
K. Konecki
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Concentrated Force ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
Over Time

Summary Modeling of complex construction problems for randomly changing technological processes occurs during the production of rubber compounds. Without a good knowledge of the technology of producing rubber compounds, durable and efficient mixers cannot be designed. The conducted industrial research has been shown that the process of mixing the raw materials varies in time and that the forces acting inside the mixer chamber are distributed randomly. During the mixing process of the chemical components, the position of the force changes inside the mixing chamber. The load on the mixer changes over time - as a result of mixing the raw materials and the pressure of the beater. After feeding the raw materials into the mixing chamber, a big concentrated force is reacted on the ram of the mixer, which over time is transformed into several concentrated forces acting simultaneously. Then, as a result of mixing raw materials, temperature and chemical reactions, a pressure acts on the walls of the chamber and the ram of mixer. The conducted research has proved that the most dangerous, from the point of view of the mechanical durability of the mixer, is the first stage of production, in which the beater is subjected to concentrated force. Then, the compactor deforms much more and it can scratch the surface leading to damage to the mixer. The conducted research allows for a much better understanding of the process and thus to carry out a variant simulation of deformations occurring during operation, and thus to improve the durability of the mixer mechanisms.

scholarly journals The effect of the virgin fibers to the properties of different paper products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Czene ◽  
◽  
László Koltai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
Recycled Fiber

The products from paper are widely used materials with several benefits. The corrugated paper keeps items protected through long-distance logistic processes and constant shipping and handling. The corrugated boxboards are ideal options for any industry’s shipping, packaging and storage needs. Papers and cardboards are quite low cost and also provide environmental-friendly solutions, using recyclable materials such as used corrugated cartons and old newspapers. Recycling offers a reduction in environmental impact in densely populated regions and a large production of paper and board products. Generally, the use of recycled fiber produces paper with poorer mechanical properties due to the decrease in the interfiber bonding. The recycled pulp must be treated to restore its bonding strength, for which there are six methods possible: mechanical treatment, chemical additives, chemical treatment, fractionation, papermaking process modification and blending with virgin fiber. Although some mills produce 100% recycled paper, the majority augment their used pulp with some virgin fiber. Paper properties can be tailored within some ranges by modifying the properties of fibers, but the influence of fine quality on structure, strength and optical properties of paper can be even greater. The properties of papers are essentially determined by their raw materials. Most of these raw materials are made from 100% recycled fiber, but as the quality of the waste fiber varies, different chemicals must be used to provide the desired or expected properties. From an environmental and economic point of view, the use of primary fibers can be an alternative.

scholarly journals Properties of Foamed Lightweight High-Performance Phosphogypsum-Based Ternary System Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girts Bumanis ◽  
Jelizaveta Zorica ◽  
Diana Bajare
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
And Performance

The potential of phosphogypsum (PG) as secondary raw material in construction industry is high if compared to other raw materials from the point of view of availability, total energy consumption, and CO2 emissions created during material processing. This work investigates a green hydraulic ternary system binder based on waste phosphogypsum (PG) for the development of sustainable high-performance construction materials. Moreover, a simple, reproducible, and low-cost manufacture is followed by reaching PG utilization up to 50 wt.% of the binder. Commercial gypsum plaster was used for comparison. High-performance binder was obtained and on a basis of it foamed lightweight material was developed. Low water-binder ratio mixture compositions were prepared. Binder paste, mortar, and foamed binder were used for sample preparation. Chemical, mineralogical composition and performance of the binder were evaluated. Results indicate that the used waste may be successfully employed to produce high-performance binder pastes and even mortars with a compression strength up to 90 MPa. With the use of foaming agent, lightweight (370–700 kg/m3) foam concrete was produced with a thermal conductivity from 0.086 to 0.153 W/mK. Water tightness (softening coefficient) of such foamed material was 0.5–0.64. Proposed approach represents a viable solution to reduce the environmental footprint associated with waste disposal.

New Antiozonants for Rubber Compounds Based on Oxyalkylated Derivatives of 4-Aminodiphenylamine

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.F. Ushmarin ◽  
S.M. Kavun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Isoprene Rubber

This paper sets out the properties and the results of the testing of new antiozonants 2PPD and 3PPD in place of standard and imported 6PPD and IPPD which are used in the production of mechanical rubber goods and tyres (in the sidewall, tread, and other elements). The proposed method for producing the new antiozonants makes it possible to organise their industrial production by low-cost technology, in contrast to 6PPD and IPPD production technology. The raw materials for the new antiozonants include ethylene and propylene glycols, available in Russia, and 4-aminodiphenylamine, imported for the production in Russia of antioxidant S789, which is widely used in the production of large-tonnage rubbers, in particular synthetic isoprene rubber SKI-3, over 70% of the volume of which is exported. A number of advantages of 3PPD over imported stabilisers have been established. These include a greater effectiveness in protecting rubber compounds against thermal oxidation and ozone cracking by comparison with the stabilisers it is replacing. The shortcomings of the new antiozonant (in terms of the form in which it is produced and in terms of its influence on the vulcanisation kinetics) are considered, and various ways to overcome these shortcomings are presented.

GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE AT AMBIENT AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (Special Issue on First SACEE'19) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Tao ◽  
Zhu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Structural Levels

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is attracting increasing attention due to its potential to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions from cement production. Although extensive research has been conducted in this area since the 1970s, its applications in engineering practice are still very limited. This paper briefly reviews the recent developments of GPC and its properties at ambient and elevated temperatures. It was found that GPC generally exhibits comparative properties to OPC concrete at ambient temperature. In contrast, GPC often has better fire performance and superior durability. Therefore, GPC could be advantageously used to improve the fire performance and durability of buildings and infrastructure. While a lot of aluminosilicate raw materials (such as fly ash) are low cost, the prohibitive costs of laboratory grade activators (such as sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate) greatly limit the widespread application of GPC. Therefore, there is a need to develop low-cost geopolymer concrete. Meanwhile, a few other challenges should also be overcome, such as difficulties to achieve consistent properties and to control efflorescence of GPC. Further research is required at both material and structural levels to address these issues. Particularly, there is a need to develop relevant building codes to promote the use of GPC in practice.

Calculation of the Glaze Recipe for Porcelain Feldspar Products Based on their Molecular Formula Rationalization

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Ion Teoreanu ◽  
Roxana Lucia Dumitrache ◽  
Stefania Stoleriu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Design Equation ◽  
Material Sources

Any change of the raw material sources for glazes, economically, ecologically motivated, and also from the glaze quality point of view, is conditioned by the molecular formula rationalization and by the variation limits of the molecular formula, respectively. The proper glaze compositions are placed within their limit variation intervals with optimized processing and utilization properties. For this purpose, the rationalization criteria and procedures of molecular formulas are summarized in the present paper, as well as the results referring to their rationalization obtained in the authors� previous work. Thus, one starts from a base of raw materials that are selected, usable and also accessible for the design and producing of the glazes. On these bases the groundwork and the design equation for the glaze recipes are developed, exemplified for a single glaze. For an easy access to results, computer programs are used for an easy access to results.

Low-Cost Raw Materials Synthesized Na 2.9375PS 3.9375Cl 0.0625 Solid Electrolyte

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Nachuan Yang ◽  
Yi Shuai ◽  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Kanghua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost

scholarly journals Location of Biorefineries Based on Olive-Derived Biomass in Andalusia, Spain

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3052
Author(s):  
Diego Cardoza ◽  
Inmaculada Romero ◽  
Teresa Martínez ◽  
Encarnación Ruiz ◽  
Francisco J. Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Olive Stones

A biorefinery integrated process based on lignocellulosic feedstock is especially interesting in rural areas with a high density of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes, which is the case for olive crop areas and their associated industries. In the region of Andalusia, in the south of Spain, the provinces of Jaén, Córdoba and Seville accumulate more than 70% of the olive wastes generated in Spain. Therefore, the valorisation of these wastes is a matter of interest from both an environmental and a social point of view. The olive biorefinery involves a multi-product process from different raw materials: olive leaves, exhausted olive pomace, olive stones and olive tree pruning residues. Biorefinery processes associated with these wastes would allow their valorisation to produce bioenergy and high value-added renewable products. In this work, using geographic information system tools, the biomass from olive crop fields, mills and olive pomace-extracting industries, where these wastes are generated, was determined and quantified in the study area. In addition, the vulnerability of the territory was evaluated through an environmental and territorial analysis that allowed for the determination of the reception capacity of the study area. Then, information layers corresponding to the availability of the four biomass wastes, and layers corresponding to the environmental fragility of the study area were overlapped and they resulted in an overall map. This made it possible to identify the best areas for the implementation of the biorefineries based on olive-derived biomass. Finally, as an example, three zones were selected for this purpose. These locations corresponded to low fragility areas with a high availability of biomass (more than 300,000 tons/year) in a 30 km radius, which would ensure the biomass supply.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Leaf Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Polyester Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1369
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Lalta Prasad ◽  
Vinay Kumar Patel ◽  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Synthetic Fibre ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
Natural Leaf

In recent times, demand for light weight and high strength materials fabricated from natural fibres has increased tremendously. The use of natural fibres has rapidly increased due to their high availability, low density, and renewable capability over synthetic fibre. Natural leaf fibres are easy to extract from the plant (retting process is easy), which offers high stiffness, less energy consumption, less health risk, environment friendly, and better insulation property than the synthetic fibre-based composite. Natural leaf fibre composites have low machining wear with low cost and excellent performance in engineering applications, and hence established as superior reinforcing materials compared to other plant fibres. In this review, the physical and mechanical properties of different natural leaf fibre-based composites are addressed. The influences of fibre loading and fibre length on mechanical properties are discussed for different matrices-based composite materials. The surface modifications of natural fibre also play a crucial role in improving physical and mechanical properties regarding composite materials due to improved fibre/matrix adhesion. Additionally, the present review also deals with the effect of silane-treated leaf fibre-reinforced thermoset composite, which play an important role in enhancing the mechanical and physical properties of the composites.

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