INVESTIGATION OF SOLID PHASE BEHAVIOR DURING PROCESS OF ACIDIC DECOMPOSITION OF POLPINO PHOSPHORITE

The deficiency and growing price of phosphate fertilizers are becoming a major problem in Russia. Most of more than 200 proved phosphorite deposits have enough recourse to exploit them but processing the ore from these deposits presents severe difficulties, and it can’t be effectively implemented at this moment. The result of the decomposition process heavily depends on the origin of the ore, their chemical and mineralogical composition and other factors. Three types of phosphorites (carbonated, siliceous, and argillaceous) can be distinguished, and these types of phosphorites behave differently during the acidic decomposition, which leads to the differences in the conditions and performances in the process of their treatment. Phosphorite from Polpino deposit can be considered poor with total component content P2O5≈15.3%, and by the level of SiO2 it can be qualified as siliceous type. The stock from this deposit is highly reactive because of the carbonated additions and its mineral structure. The aim of the research is to study the dynamics of particle shape and size change during the acidic decomposition of a representative quartered sample of Polpino phosphorite. The decomposition was performed using nitric acid with temporary inhibition of the reaction at 0, 10, 30, 60, 300, 600 seconds by neutralization of acid with potassium hydroxide. Solid phase behavior was investigated using microscopic analysis (scanning electronic microscopy) with multi-purpose module microscope JEOL JSM-6510, and then obtained micrographs were edited with special software. Analysis of the behavior of the particles shows that their total number was nearly constant for each experiment, and the number of particles for every fraction almost didn’t change in time. This leads to assumption that the phosphate component in phosphorite from Polpino deposit is located inside of the porous alpha-quartz. It was determined that alpha-quartz from the phosphorite forms a matrix structure and doesn’t undergo changes, and its pore size doesn’t prevent acidic extraction of calcium and phosphate from the inner volume.Forcitation:Pochitalkina I.A., Kondakov D.F., Syromyatnikov A.S., Makaev S.V. Investigation of solid phase behavior during process of acidic decomposition of polpino phosphorite. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 10. P. 47-52

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MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE THERMODYNAMIC PROCESS GAS-STEAM BUBBLES

ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series Industrial Machine Building Civil Engineering ◽

10.26906/znp.2018.50.1079 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (50) ◽

pp. 220-226

Author(s):

B. А. Kutnyi ◽

А. М. Pavlenko

Keyword(s):

Gas Hydrates ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Thermodynamic Process ◽

Size Change ◽

Process Gas ◽

Exchange Processes ◽

Pressure Steam ◽

Liquid Heat ◽

Velocity Pressure ◽

Contact Liquid

A mathematical model that considers the inertial oscillations and thermodynamic components bubbles in liquid heat exchange processes, heat transfer on the boundary bubbles. Research of the dynamic characteristics of gas-steam bubbles in various size was conducted. After the calculations its temperature, velocity, pressure steam environment inside the bubble in time, graphs bubbles size change graphs were built . It is established that each bubble size has its oscillation frequency. Calculated speed phase transients and found that it is in its maximum during the bubble oscillation. For thermodynamic properties of the surface of contact liquid and gaseous phases defined amount of solid phase formed. The research results can be applied to optimize various of technological processes related to the boil, swelling materials, and the formation of gas hydrates in a fluid cavitation.

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Unveiling the Uniqueness of Crystal Structure and Crystalline Phase Behavior of Anhydrous Octyl β-D-Glucoside Using Aligned Assembly on a Surface

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12030671 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 671 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shigesaburo Ogawa ◽

Isao Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Phase Behavior ◽

Crystalline Phase ◽

Intermediate Phase ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Single Component ◽

Pure Substance ◽

Crystalline Films ◽

Ripple Phase

Although the anomalous low crystallinity of octyl β-D-glucoside (β-OGlu) was first proposed more than 30 years ago, many fundamental aspects of its crystal structure and of the crystalline phase behavior of the pure substance have remained uncertain. In this paper, we employ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray-diffraction measurements using a two-dimensional detector (2D-GI-WAXD) and perpendicularly aligned crystalline films to demonstrate that β-OGlu forms crystal structures consisting of an intermediate phase—like a ripple phase with two large crystal-lattice constants, a and c, comparable to the lengths of its bilayer structures. Furthermore, solid-to-solid phase transitions accompanied by latent heat confirm the existence of a solid-solution-like phase consisting of a crystalline and a liquid-crystal (LC) phase, which persists over a 20 °C temperature range, in a single-component system. In addition, the system forms a superlattice, accompanied by a change in packing of the component sugars in the partial-melting state; this shift is different from the gel-crystal transition observed for a typical lipid system. These facts indicate that even in the crystalline phase formed from a single component, each individual β-OGlu molecule in a single-component phase plays a versatile role in the crystallisation and melting processes. These findings must somewhat explain the specific co-assembling features with proteins of β-OGlu, which has long been used empirically in biochemistry.

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Sampling and Mass Detection of a Countable Number of Microparticles Using on-Cantilever Imprinting

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20092508 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 2508

Author(s):

Wilson Ombati Nyang’au ◽

Andi Setiono ◽

Angelika Schmidt ◽

Harald Bosse ◽

Erwin Peiner

Keyword(s):

Resonant Frequency ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Beam Width ◽

Target Point ◽

Mass Detection ◽

Single Particles ◽

Cantilever Sensors ◽

Enhanced Sensitivity ◽

Disease Diagnostics ◽

Number Of Particles

Liquid-borne particles sampling and cantilever-based mass detection are widely applied in many industrial and scientific fields e.g., in the detection of physical, chemical, and biological particles, and disease diagnostics, etc. Microscopic analysis of particles-adsorbed cantilever-samples can provide a good basis for measurement comparison. However, when a particles-laden droplet on a solid surface is vaporized, a cluster-ring deposit is often yielded which makes particles counting difficult or impractical. Nevertheless, in this study, we present an approach, i.e., on-cantilever particles imprinting, which effectively defies such odds to sample and deposit countable single particles on a sensing surface. Initially, we designed and fabricated a triangular microcantilever sensor whose mass m0, total beam-length L, and clamped-end beam-width w are equivalent to that of a rectangular/normal cantilever but with a higher resonant frequency (271 kHz), enhanced sensitivity (0.13 Hz/pg), and quality factor (~3000). To imprint particles on these cantilever sensors, various calibrated stainless steel dispensing tips were utilized to pioneer this study by dipping and retracting each tip from a small particle-laden droplet (resting on a hydrophobic n-type silicon substrate), followed by tip-sensor-contact (at a target point on the sensing area) to detach the solution (from the tip) and adsorb the particles, and ultimately determine the particles mass concentration. Upon imprinting/adsorbing the particles on the sensor, resonant frequency response measurements were made to determine the mass (or number of particles). A minimum detectable mass of ~0.05 pg was demonstrated. To further validate and compare such results, cantilever samples (containing adsorbed particles) were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the number of particles through counting (from which, the lowest count of about 11 magnetic polystyrene particles was obtained). The practicality of particle counting was essentially due to monolayer particle arrangement on the sensing surface. Moreover, in this work, the main measurement process influences are also explicitly examined.

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ChemInform Abstract: A DEUTERON NMR STUDY OF THE SOLID-PHASE BEHAVIOR OF NONADECANE

Chemischer Informationsdienst ◽

10.1002/chin.198331060 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 14 (31) ◽

Author(s):

M. G. TAYLOR ◽

E. C. KELUSKY ◽

I. C. P. SMITH ◽

H. L. CASAL ◽

D. G. CAMERON

Keyword(s):

Phase Behavior ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Nmr Study ◽

Deuteron Nmr

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Mechanism of Alcohol Displacement of Oil from Porous Media

Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal ◽

10.2118/1536-g ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 1 (03) ◽

pp. 195-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J.J. Taber ◽

I.S.K. Kamath ◽

Ronald L. Reed

Keyword(s):

Phase Behavior ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Equilibrium Phase ◽

Water System ◽

Commercial Application ◽

Practical Result ◽

Immiscible Mixture ◽

Two Phases ◽

Tie Line

Abstract Alcohol floods of consolidated sandstone cores have shown the process to be strongly dependent on the phase behavior of the particular alcohol-oil-water system used. This means that in many cases the mechanism does not conform to the idea of a piston-like displacement. Instead, it is found that by changing the alcohol it is possible to change the relative velocities of the oil and water and, in fact, the entire mechanism of the process. The effects of rate, viscosity, initial saturation, distance travelled and hysteresis of relative permeability on the alcohol flooding mechanism are discussed. Introduction Reasons for interest in the use of alcohol to miscibly displace oil and water from a porous medium appear in the existing literature. The mechanism of the displacement has been considered and the apparent implications formulated into a theory which presumably would enable one to predict the essential features of the process. Unfortunately, most of the reported experiments have been performed with unconsolidated or artificially consolidated sands. With these systems some of the noteworthy facets of the process are obscured and resulting data appear uncertain. It is the purpose of this paper to show how the use of consolidated sandstones has led to revision of the mechanism and, hence, the theory of alcohol flooding. The practical result is increased pessimism toward the possibilities of commercial application of the simplest form of the alcohol-slug process. However elucidation of the mechanism has made it possible to define the essential characteristics of a system of slugs which will behave in a nearly piston-like fashion and, thus, yield the best possible result. Equilibrium Phase Behavior Fig. 1 is a diagram of the ternary system isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-Soltrol-calcium chloride brine. Brine was used to prevent plugging of the core and calcium chloride was used because sodium chloride brine exhibits a solid phase with Soltrol and IPA. If alcohol is added in increments to the immiscible mixture of water and oil represented by Point A, the path followed by the successively equilibrated samples will be on the Line ABC and pass from the immiscible region to the miscible region by crossing the binodal curve at B. Consider the intersection D of this path with the tie Line EF. The quantity of oleic phase is proportional to the Segment ED and the quantity of the aqueous phase is proportional to DF. Compositions of the two phases are specified by Points E and F. It is clear that in the case shown the oleic phase is diminishing and entirely disappears when miscibility is achieved.

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Molecular dynamics in perfluoro‐n‐eicosane. I. Solid phase behavior and crystal structures

The Journal of Chemical Physics ◽

10.1063/1.460931 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 2800-2806 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Heinz Schwickert ◽

Gert Strobl ◽

Martin Kimmig

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Phase Behavior ◽

Crystal Structures ◽

Solid Phase

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Microscopic Analysis of Pottery Fragments from the Corded Ware Culture at Sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District

Baltic-Pontic Studies ◽

10.2478/bps-2018-0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 163-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Rauba-Bukowska

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Crystalline Material ◽

Petrographic Analysis ◽

Type B ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Heavy Clay ◽

Materials Used ◽

Natural Component

Abstract For microscopic examination, 22 pottery fragments from sites 11, 15 and 20 in Święte, Jarosław District were selected. The pottery types included beakers (N=19) and amphorae (N=3). The goal of the petrographic analysis was to identify mineralogical composition of ceramic fabric, sources of raw materials, and intentional additives to the clay. The analysis yielded data that helped determine ceramic fabrics types and preparation methods, as well as pottery firing conditions and approximate firing temperature. In all samples analysed, ceramic fabrics were prepared in a similar way, using heavy clay poor in muscovite, with grog deliberately added. Crystalline material present in some of the samples is most likely a natural component of raw materials used in the production process. No sand is added to the clay. No other method for preparing pastes was identified for the amphorae type. Previous observations on amphorae firing are confirmed: amphorae are fired in oxidizing conditions. The ceramic fabrics of two vessels have a deliberate admixture of bones in addition to grog and argillaceous rock intraclasts. Vessels decorated with cord impressions and vessels with herringbone or other incised patterns are more often made from paste type A (inclusion and grog) and paste type B (grog), respectively.

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Extraction and Identification of a Wide Range of Microplastic Polymers in Soil and Compost

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13234069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 4069

Author(s):

Franja Prosenc ◽

Pia Leban ◽

Urška Šunta ◽

Mojca Bavcon Kralj

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Alluvial Soil ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Density Separation ◽

Soil Systems ◽

Wide Range ◽

Before And After ◽

Number Of Particles

Microplastic pollution is globally widespread; however, the presence of microplastics in soil systems is poorly understood, due to the complexity of soils and a lack of standardised extraction methods. Two commonly used extraction methods were optimised and compared for the extraction of low-density (polyethylene (PE)) and high-density microplastics (polyethylene (PET)), olive-oil-based extraction, and density separation with zinc chloride (ZnCl2). Comparable recoveries in a low-organic-matter matrix (soil; most >98%) were observed, but in a high-organic-matter matrix (compost), density separation yielded higher recoveries (98 ± 4% vs. 80 ± 11%). Density separation was further tested for the extraction of five microplastic polymers spiked at different concentrations. Recoveries were >93% for both soil and compost, with no differences between matrices and individual polymers. Reduction in levels of organic matter in compost was tested before and after extraction, as well as combined. Double oxidation (Fenton’s reagent and 1 M NaOH) exhibited the highest reduction in organic matter. Extracted microplastic polymers were further identified via headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME–GC–MS). This method has shown the potential for descriptive quantification of microplastic polymers. A linear relationship between the number of particles and the signal response was demonstrated for PET, polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and PE (R2 > 0.98 in alluvial soil, and R2 > 0.80 in compost). The extraction and identification methods were demonstrated on an environmental sample of municipal biowaste compost, with the recovery of 36 ± 9 microplastic particles per 10 g of compost, and the detection of PS and PP.

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On the Poroelastic Biot Coefficient for a Granitic Rock

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11050219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 219

Author(s):

A.P.S. Selvadurai

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Testing ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Saturated Porous Medium ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Solid Material ◽

Skeletal Structure ◽

Biot Coefficient ◽

Saturated Rock ◽

Porous Skeleton

The Biot coefficient is a parameter that is encountered in the theory of classical poroelasticity, dealing with the mechanics of a fluid-saturated porous medium with elastic grains and an elastic skeletal structure. In particular, the coefficient plays an important role in the partitioning of externally applied stresses between the pore fluid and the porous skeleton. The conventional approach for estimating the Biot coefficient relies on the mechanical testing of the poroelastic solid, in both a completely dry and a fully saturated state. The former type of tests to determine the skeletal compressibility of the rock can be performed quite conveniently. The latter tests, which determine the compressibility of the solid material constituting the porous skeleton, involve the mechanical testing of the fully saturated rock. These tests are challenging when the rock has a low permeability, since any unsaturated regions of the rock can influence the interpretation of the compressibility of the solid phase composing the porous rock. An alternative approach to the estimation of the solid grain compressibility considers the application of the multi-phasic theories for the elasticity of composite materials, to estimate the solid grain compressibility. This approach requires the accurate determination of the mineralogical composition of the rock using XRD, and the estimation of the elasticity characteristics of the minerals by appealing to published literature. This procedure is used to estimate the Biot coefficient for the Lac du Bonnet granite obtained from the western region of the Canadian Shield.

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