scholarly journals Multiflorous forms of soybean with long inflorescence are important source of breeding on increase of the seed productivity

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
O. Z. Shcherbyna ◽  
V. G. Mykhailov ◽  
O. O. Tymoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
First Order ◽  
Breeding Work

Aim. The detailed research of plant-breeding value of the synthesized multiflorous forms with long inflorescence. Methods. The field and laboratory experiments for study of quantitative signs of varieties and hybrids with the statistical processing of data. Results. Synthesized multiflorous forms of soybean were characterized by greater duration of period of vegetation (135–150 days) and high of plants (100–160 cm). On the signs of inflorescence multiflorous forms were distinguished from existent varieties by the amount of flowers in inflorescence – from 9.2 to 32.8 (at plant-breeding varieties – 2.6–5.0), long inflorescence – to 18.6 and more cm (at plant-breeding varieties are 0.3 cm to 1.8 cm). These forms were characterized by the greater amount of pods and seed from a plant, by mass of seed from a plant, and also by the greater amount of knots, amount of branches of first-order than plant-breeding varieties and numbers. The hybrids of first generation by the productivity considerably exceeded both paternal forms. Mass of seed from a plant changed from a 32.00 g to 60.61 g. On duration of period of vegetation the hybrids of first generation were inter-mediate between paternal forms. Conclusions. Multiflorous forms of soybean with long inflorescens are important source of breeding work on increase of seed productivity. Keywords: soybean, multiflorous inflorescence, long inflorescence, varieties, hybrids.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS OF EUROPEAN SELECTION OF DIFFERENT LINES UNDER INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Milostiviy ◽  
L. V. Karlova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Breeding Work

Score productive longevity of dairy cattle is an important scientific and practical importance. It is known that among genetic factors, significant effects of linear affiliation of their parents. It is demonstrated that effective breeding subject to strict compliance with the screening system, selection and evaluation of animal breeding values reported by domestic and foreign authors. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of linear membership on productive longevity and lifetime milk productivity of Holstein cattle of European breeding. Studies carried out on cows Holstein breed using data management system dairy cattle breeding "Orsek". Found that targeted breeding work and selection in a herd of imported European cattle breeding Holstein using information systems selection bulls MAR company CRI meets the latest requirements of the ICAR and Subcommittee on the unified international assessment of manufacturers (Interbull) contributed to a change in the number of separate lines among the cows first generation. This has led to an increase in the percentage of manufacturers lines daughters Valiant 1650414.73, Starbuc  352790.79, as well as Cheef 1427381.62. on the basis of the desired economic-useful signs. It is established that the value of productive longevity of cows depending on linear conditioning averaged 3.1 ... 3.9 lactations. By this measure, the daughter of Starbuck's lines were superior animals Holstein breed other lines by the number of lactations: Chevalier – 0.1 or 2.6% (td = 0.25; P ≤ 0.95); Bell – 0.5 or 14.7% (td = 0.95; P ≤ 0.95); Valiant – at 0.8 or 25.8% (td = 1.52; P ≤ 0.95); Eleveyshn – 0.8 or 25.8% (td = 1.91; P ≤ 0.95); Cheef – 0.5 or 14.7% (td = 1.27; P ≤ 0.95). It has been proven that milk productivity and milk quality of the imported Holstein cows and their offspring of domestic generation attributable to linear. The highest lifetime yield of Holstein breed cows had Starbuck lines, which outnumbered their import contemporaries other lines: Chevalier – 2818.7 kg or 8.2% (td = 0.46; P ≤ 0.95); Bell – 3404.5 kg or 10.1% (td = 0.61; P ≤ 0.95); Valiant – 5553.8 kg or 17.5% (td = 1.26; P ≤ 0.95); Eleveyshn – 7368.9 kg or 24.6% (td = 1.78; P ≤ 0.95); Cheef – 5500.5 kg or 17.3% (td = 1.38; P ≤ 0.95). The father's genotype had a significant impact on the quality of the milk. It should be noted that cows Starbuck's line differed relatively high fat content in the milk. By this measure the superiority of animals this line over imported cows other lines: Chevalier – 0.5% (td = 2.38; P ≥ 0.95); Bell – 0.2% (td = 1.38; P ≤ 0.95); Valiant – 0.6% (td = 2.78; P ≥ 0.95); Eleveyshn – 0.4% (td = 3.23; P ≥ 0.99); Cheef - 0.2% (td = 1.44; P ≤ 0.95). However, large protein content in milk cows belonging to different lines of Bella, who on this indicator had superiority over animals other lines: Chevalier – 0.2% (td = 1.03; P ≤ 0.95); Starbuck – 0.1% (td = 0.59; P ≤ 0.95); Valiant – 0.5% (td = 2.31; P ≥ 0.95); Eleveyshn – 0.2% (td = 1.85; P ≤ 0.95); Cheef – 0.1% (td = 1.15; P ≤ 0.95). It should be noted that only the cows first generation Valiant lines and Eleveyshn marked positive relationship between life and the content of cows in milk fat and protein (r = +0.17 ... +0.40), which may indicate the possibility of holding breeding work to improve these symptoms. So in the breeding work it is advisable to use manufacturers of prominent lines that combine high breeding value on productivity of daughters with improving effect on the duration of their use. The results of the research show that the effective use of well-known manufacturers and imported Holstein breed brood in breeding work with dairy cattle of Ukraine. However, shortening the productive use of animals in conditions of industrial technology should serve as a stimulus to study and find ways to solve this problem.

Population characteristics of daughters of domestic and foreign breeding bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
N. I. Abramova ◽  
◽  
O. L. Khromova ◽  
M. O. Selimyan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Modern Population

The use of foreign-bred bulls leads to changes in the genetic structure of the black-and-white breed population, which affects the level of population characteristics. The study was conducted to study the comparative variability and heritability of productive and reproductive characteristics of daughters of sires of domestic and foreign selection in pedigree livestock 10 250 cows 1st calving modern population of black-motley breed of the Vologda region. The superiority of the offspring of foreign bulls in the average indicators of all the studied traits was established with confidence (P<0,001). There were no significant differences in the level of variability of the characteristics of the descendants of domestic and foreign bulls. According to productive traits, the greatest variability of indicators was established for milk yield for 305 days of the 1st lactation Cv = 17,3 – 17,7%, therefore, selection on this trait will be more effective. The greatest share of the influence of bullsfathers, both domestic and foreign selection, in the total sum of all factors determining the value of traits in the population of the black-and-white breed, is determined by the milk yield of daughters η2 = 0,22 – 0,24, the age of the 1st fruitful insemination and the first calving η2 = 0,24 – 0,25. In further breeding work with the breed, it is necessary to obtain and use domestic producers that exceed the breeding value of foreign bulls.

scholarly journals Зберігання селекційних форм маточних коренеплодів моркви посівної

2013 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
В. В. Хареба ◽  
О. В. Хареба ◽  
О. В. Позняк
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Carrot Seed ◽  
Quality Stock

Розглянуто модифікований спосіб зберігання ма-точних коренеплодів селекційних форм моркви посів-ної, в основі якого – скорочення втрат коренеплодів під час зимового зберігання та отримання чисто-сортного насіння заданих комбінацій у процесі селек-ційної роботи. Розглянутий модифікований спосіб зберігання маточних коренеплодів моркви посівної безпосередньо у полі перспективний для освоєння в науково-дослідних установах та насінницьких госпо-дарствах у зонах Північного Лісостепу та Полісся України. The modified method of storage of uterine root crops of plant-breeding forms of sowing carrot was considered; in its basis is reduction of root crops’ losses during winter storage and receipting of high-quality stock seed from the set combinations in the process of plant-breeding work. The considered modified method of storage of uterine carrot seed directly in the field is perspective for development in research institutions and seed farms in areas of the Northern Forest and Woodlands of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Вплив рівня годівлі свиней червоної білопоясої породи на інтер'єрні показники

2016 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Л. В. Флока
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Biological Quality ◽  
Breeding Work

Наведено результати досліджень впливу рівня годівлі свиней червоної білопоясої породи на інтер’єрні показники. Важливим етапом селекційної роботи у свинарстві є визначення та розробка критеріїв прогнозування продуктивності тварини у ранньому віці за інтер’єрними ознаками. Це прискорює процес оцінки племінної цінності тварин та удосконалює племінну роботу у стаді. Використання інтер’єрних показників тварин у племінній роботі зі стадом вказує на те, що в сучасних умовах промислового свинарства зростають вимоги щодо генетичної та біологічної якості свиней, пристосованості їх до умов утримання та годівлі. The influence of feeding white-red belted pigs on interior performance. An important step in pig breeding is to identify and develop criteria for predicting the performance of the animal at an early age for the interior design features. It speeds up the process of evaluating breeding value of animals and improving breeding work in the herd. Using interior performance of animals in breeding work with the herd indicates that today's pork industry makes increasing demands for higher genetic and biological quality in the pigs and their adaptability to conditions and feeding.

Haploidy and plant breeding

1981 ◽  
Vol 292 (1062) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Dh Lines

A haploid is an organism that looks like a sporophyte, but has the chromosome complement of a reduced gamete. There are several ways in which haploids can occur or be induced in vivo : spontaneously, mostly associated with polyembryony, and through abnormal processes after crosses, like pseudogamy, semigamy, preferential elimination of the chromosomes of one parental species, and androgenesis. In the crops described, haploids are or are near to being used in basic research and plant breeding. The application of haploids in breeding self-pollinated crops is based on their potential for producing fully homozygous lines in one generation, which can be assessed directly in the field. Early generation testing of segregating populations is possible through haploids, because doubled haploids (DH) possess additive variance only. Haploids can also be applied in classical breeding programmes to make these more efficient through improved reliability of selection. The application of haploids in cross-pollinated crops is also based on a rapid production of DH-lines, which can be used as inbred lines for the production of hybrid varieties. By means of haploids all natural barriers to repeated selfing are bypassed. In autotetraploid crops there are two types of haploid. One cycle of haploidization leads to dihaploids; a second cycle produces monohaploids. The significance of dihaploids is in their greatly simplified genetics and breeding and in the possibility of estimation of the breeding value of tetraploid cultivars by assessing their dihaploids. The main drawback of dihaploids is their restriction to two alleles per locus. Also, after doubling, it is impossible to achieve tetra-allelism at many loci, the requirement for maximal performance of autotetraploid cultivars. Tetra-allelism can be obtained when improved dihaploids have a genetically controlled mechanism of forming highly heterozygous restitution gametes with the unreduced number of chromosomes. Monohaploids, after doubling or twice doubling, may lead to fully homozygous diploids and tetraploids. These are important for basic research, but not yet for practical application. Meiotic data of potato homozygotes at three ploidy levels are presented.

HYPERCHAOS IN A MODIFIED CANONICAL CHUA'S CIRCUIT

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 221-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. THAMILMARAN ◽  
M. LAKSHMANAN ◽  
A. VENKATESAN
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
System Parameter ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
First Order ◽  
Regular Behavior ◽  
Linear Elements

In this paper, we present the hyperchaos dynamics of a modified canonical Chua's electrical circuit. This circuit, which is capable of realizing the behavior of every member of the Chua's family, consists of just five linear elements (resistors, inductors and capacitors), a negative conductor and a piecewise linear resistor. The route followed is a transition from regular behavior to chaos and then to hyperchaos through border-collision bifurcation, as the system parameter is varied. The hyperchaos dynamics, characterized by two positive Lyapunov exponents, is described by a set of four coupled first-order ordinary differential equations. This has been investigated extensively using laboratory experiments, Pspice simulation and numerical analysis.

IV.—Inheritance of Resistance to Two Strains of Blight (Phytophthora infestans de Bary) in Potatoes

1944 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Black
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Plant Breeding Station

The existence in Mexico of blight-resistant species of potato has been known for many years, but they occur in the wild and are quite unsuitable for agricultural purposes. In order to utilise their resistance to disease it is necessary to combine disease resistance with the cropping qualities of cultivated forms while eliminating the undesirable characters which are prominent in the wild forms. Breeding work with this object in view has been in progress at the Scottish Plant Breeding Station for several years, and results obtained in the course of testing progenies for reaction to blight infection are discussed in the following pages.

Distribution and transformation of elemental mercury in the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S1) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Amyot ◽  
David RS Lean ◽  
Laurier Poissant ◽  
Marie-Renée Doyon
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Volatile Species ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
First Order ◽  
Inland Lakes ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
St Lawrence River

Elemental Hg (Hg0) is a volatile species that is responsible for water-to-air transfer of Hg in Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. We conducted two cruises in 1998 to identify spatial and temporal patterns in Hg0 levels in these systems and performed field and laboratory experiments on redox transformations of Hg. Elemental Hg concentrations were higher in Lake Ontario than in the St. Lawrence River. At stations in Lake Ontario, Hg0 levels were higher at the bottom of the water column than at the surface, whereas they were homogeneous throughout the water column of the river. Elemental Hg concentrations were generally higher in July than in September and, in contrast with experiments on inland lakes, were relatively constant during the day except for a narrow peak at sunrise. Field and laboratory experiments showed that photoreduction of Hg(II) in St. Lawrence River water was substrate limited and was influenced by visible and ultraviolet radiation. Pseudo first-order kinetics best described photoreduction, with k values between 1 and 2·h-1.

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