A Detailed Review on Common Causes of Postharvest Loss and Quality Deterioration of Fruits and Vegetables in Ethiopia

Fruits and vegetables are considered as protective foods and received importance in healthy diet plan. Postharvest loss in quality as well as quantity of fruits and vegetables is huge due to seasonal production, high perishability, shorter shelf life and preservation through processing is one of the best methods to minimise the loss. Thermal methods are more popular and these traditional methods of fruit and vegetable preservation often affect the quality of final products in terms of color, taste, flavor and nutritional qualities. Demand for fruit and vegetable products with ‘fresh like’ qualities are increasing and there is a shift of thermal methods of processing to non-thermal methods to improve the quality of processed products. Several non-thermal methods of processing are developed in order to meet the consumer demand of which high pressure processing has proven to be extremely valuable for fruit and vegetable products. It is an emerging technology in juice and beverage sector which allow fruit and vegetable juices as well as smoothies to store safely for a longer time with fresh taste while preserving its nutritional quality.

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A DETAILED REVIEW ON FINGERPRINT DOOR LOCK SYSTEM

International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology ◽

10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i04.041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Vivek R ◽

Gokul Shyam D ◽

Jai Adithya R ◽

Mukilan T Sriram ◽

Nihal V

Keyword(s):

Fingerprint Recognition ◽

Fingerprint Identification ◽

Detailed Review ◽

Detection Process ◽

Common Causes ◽

Behavioral Features ◽

Long Time ◽

Facial Pattern ◽

Door Lock ◽

2D And 3D

Passwords and Tokens are extremely vulnerable and are easily stolen or lost. A poor password is one of the most common causes of security and data breaches. Hacker attacks target even the strongest passwords. Resetting the password takes a long time and can cause the employee to lose productivity. Biometrics can be used to solve the problem. It is the method of recognizing or confirming individuals based on physiological or behavioral features such as the iris, fingerprints, facial pattern, DNA, speech patterns, and so on. The concept of distinguishing individuals based on their fingerprints goes back thousands of years. It first became famous in the 1970’s. The detection and authentication of fingerprints is the method of fingerprint identification. Fingerprint identification is the most commonly used biometric. This research paper explains the main characteristics of fingerprints and how the Automatic Minutiae Detection process works, as well as comparing 2D and 3D fingerprint recognition

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A Preliminary Assessment of Horticultural Postharvest Market Loss in the Solomon Islands

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae5010005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Steven Underhill ◽

Leeroy Joshua ◽

Yuchan Zhou

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Distribution System ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

Food Distribution ◽

Preliminary Assessment ◽

Production Region ◽

Supply Chain Logistics ◽

Transport Distance ◽

Postharvest Loss

Honiara’s fresh horticultural markets are a critical component of the food distribution system in Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Most of the population that reside in Honiara are now dependent on the municipal horticultural market and a network of smaller road-side markets to source their fresh fruits and vegetables. Potentially poor postharvest supply chain practice could be leading to high levels of postharvest loss in Honiara markets, undermining domestic food security. This study reports on a preliminary assessment of postharvest horticultural market loss and associated supply chain logistics at the Honiara municipal market and five road-side markets on Guadalcanal Island. Using vendor recall to quantify loss, we surveyed a total of 198 vendors between November 2017 and March 2018. We found that postharvest loss in the Honiara municipal market was 7.9 to 9.5%, and that road-side markets incurred 2.6 to 7.0% loss. Based on mean postharvest market loss and the incidence of individual vendor loss, Honiara’s road-side market system appears to be more effective in managing postharvest loss, compared to the municipal market. Postharvest loss was poorly correlated to transport distance, possibly due to the inter-island and remote intra-island chains avoiding high-perishable crops. Spatial mapping of postharvest loss highlighted a cohort of villages in the western and southern parts of the main horticultural production region (i.e., eastern Guadalcanal) with atypically high levels of postharvest loss. The potential importance of market-operations, packaging type, and mode of transport on postharvest market loss, is further discussed.

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Reducing Postharvest Loss and Waste in Fruits and Vegetables

Postharvest Extension and Capacity Building for the Developing World ◽

10.1201/9781315115771-7 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Sunil Saran ◽

Neeru Dubey

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Postharvest Loss

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Flavonoids and intestinal cancers

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508965764 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (E-S1) ◽

pp. ES53-ES59 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Roberto Pierini ◽

Jennifer M. Gee ◽

Nigel J. Belshaw ◽

Ian T. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Causative Role ◽

Genomic Technologies ◽

Common Causes ◽

Dietary Flavonoid

Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract are amongst the most common causes of death from cancer, but there is substantial variation in incidence across populations. This is consistent with a major causative role for diet. There is convincing evidence that fruits and vegetables protect against cancers of the upper alimentary tract and the large bowel, and this has focused attention on biologically active phytochemicals, and on flavonoids in particular. Many flavonoids exert anticarcinogenic effectsin vitroand in animals, and many of these effects occur via signalling pathways known to be important in the pathogenesis of colorectal, gastric and oesophageal cancers. However dietary flavonoid intakes are generally low and their metabolism in humans is extremely complex. The advent of new post-genomic technologies will do much to address these problems by making it possible to monitor patterns of gene expression in humans to provide essential molecular biomarkers of early disease. By combining such data with knowledge of the dietary exposure and bioavailability of the most effective compounds it will be possible to predict the most effective dietary sources and to properly evaluate the potential role of flavonoids in clinical nutrition.

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An Investigation into Major Causes for Postharvest Losses of Horticultural Crops and Their Handling Practice in Debre Markos, North-Western Ethiopia

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2021/1985303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yebirzaf Yeshiwas ◽

Esubalew Tadele

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Management Practices ◽

Postharvest Losses ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Postharvest Handling ◽

Debre Markos ◽

Handling Practices ◽

Postharvest Loss ◽

North Western ◽

Western Ethiopia

In developing countries, food systems are mainly characterized by unorganized, traditional supply chains, and limited market infrastructure. Bulk quantity of the harvested produce is lost every year because of the absence of proper postharvest handling and management practices. The current study was conducted to estimate and identify the major causes for postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables in Debre Markos, north-western Ethiopia. Forty respondents who were retailing fruits and vegetables were randomly selected and qualitative and quantitative data were collected by using direct market observation and semistructured questioners. The result of the present study revealed significant differences between sociodemographic factors, handling practices, and postharvest loss. Educational status, selling experience, and packaging material have a significant relationship with postharvest loss. A significant difference was obtained among the transportation methods used, the selling place, storage methods, and materials. The result also indicated that fewer than 20 percent of respondents practiced selling fruits and vegetables in the resident mini shop. The majority of damaged produce was sold at a discount price. Retailers do not have formal knowledge of postharvest handling practices. The average postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables were estimated to be five to eighty-three percent of the market share. Mainly, during retailing, rotting, mechanical damage, poor handling, improper management of temperature and relative humidity, and hygiene problems during handling are among the major causes of postharvest losses. To reduce the high postharvest loss and supply quality products for consumers throughout the year, intervention activities such as the construction of permanent selling place for perishables, practicing various evaporative cooling technologies, outset training, awareness creation, and infrastructures should be effectively and urgently addressed.

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Can gene editing reduce postharvest waste and loss of fruit, vegetables, and ornamentals?

Horticulture Research ◽

10.1038/s41438-020-00428-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emma N. Shipman ◽

Jingwei Yu ◽

Jiaqi Zhou ◽

Karin Albornoz ◽

Diane M. Beckles

Keyword(s):

Gene Editing ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

International Policy ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

New Crops ◽

Sensory Experiences ◽

New Gene ◽

New Varieties ◽

Postharvest Loss ◽

Do So

AbstractPostharvest waste and loss of horticultural crops exacerbates the agricultural problems facing humankind and will continue to do so in the next decade. Fruits and vegetables provide us with a vast spectrum of healthful nutrients, and along with ornamentals, enrich our lives with a wide array of pleasant sensory experiences. These commodities are, however, highly perishable. Approximately 33% of the produce that is harvested is never consumed since these products naturally have a short shelf-life, which leads to postharvest loss and waste. This loss, however, could be reduced by breeding new crops that retain desirable traits and accrue less damage over the course of long supply chains. New gene-editing tools promise the rapid and inexpensive production of new varieties of crops with enhanced traits more easily than was previously possible. Our aim in this review is to critically evaluate gene editing as a tool to modify the biological pathways that determine fruit, vegetable, and ornamental quality, especially after storage. We provide brief and accessible overviews of both the CRISPR–Cas9 method and the produce supply chain. Next, we survey the literature of the last 30 years, to catalog genes that control or regulate quality or senescence traits that are “ripe” for gene editing. Finally, we discuss barriers to implementing gene editing for postharvest, from the limitations of experimental methods to international policy. We conclude that in spite of the hurdles that remain, gene editing of produce and ornamentals will likely have a measurable impact on reducing postharvest loss and waste in the next 5–10 years.

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The Agriculture–Nutrition–Income Nexus in Tonga: Is Postharvest Loss Undermining Horticulture Market Efficiency in Tonga?

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae6040061 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Steven J. R. Underhill ◽

Soane Patolo ◽

Yuchan Zhou ◽

Sarah Burkhart

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Market System ◽

Transport Distance ◽

The Pacific ◽

Low Levels ◽

Nutrition Sensitive ◽

Postharvest Loss ◽

Transport Logistics

The Kingdom of Tonga has one of the highest rates of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the world. Initiatives to promote pro-health dietary behaviour are possibly being compromised by poor or inconsistent consumer accessibility to affordable and safe fresh fruits and vegetables, referred to as the agriculture–nutrition–income nexus. While donors increasingly focus on nutrition-sensitive agriculture across the Pacific, there is little contemporary information concerning Tonga’s domestic horticultural distribution and market system, particularly in regards to food loss. This study surveyed 292 municipal and road-side vendors on Tongatapu and ‘Utu Vava’u Islands, with the aim of mapping and analyzing horticultural markets and farm supply, transport logistics, and quantifying postharvest practice and market loss. Tonga’s domestic horticultural market structure consists of a central municipal market and on Tongatapu Island, a supplementary network of urban and rural based road-side vendors. There is limited inter-island trade, with most farms located within 25 km of the central municipal market. Mean postharvest horticultural loss was very low, at 1.4% to 5.3%, with road-side vendors more vulnerable to loss. This level of loss was thought to reflect short intra-island transport distance, the type of crops being traded, and rapid market throughput, rather than a level of value chain efficiency. Vendors regulated market supply volume and price discounting and were the principal strategies to mitigate postharvest loss. While low levels of postharvest loss, short transport logistics, and fast market throughput are consistent with a relatively efficient horticulture market system, vendor practice may be impeding fresh fruit and vegetable accessibility.

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Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20200356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (12) ◽

pp. 1403-1432 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manal Muin Fardoun ◽

Dina Maaliki ◽

Nabil Halabi ◽

Rabah Iratni ◽

Alessandra Bitto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Tissue Inflammation ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.

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