scholarly journals Nuevos acuerdos regionales de comercio en Latinoamérica y disposición a negociar: El caso de la agricultura

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Alberto Valdés ◽  
William Foster
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Blocs ◽  
Agricultural Protectionism ◽  
American Agriculture ◽  
Latin American Countries

<span>This article analyses past trade trends and agricultural protectionism in Latin American agriculture, by examining observed changes in Latin American agriculture and trade policies over the last 20 years that have led to what the authors call the«New Open Regionalism». It also discussed the conflicting interests and various trading positions taken up by Latin American countries in multilateral trade talks, as a result of the strong heterogeneity between net agricultural exporters and importers. The authors show that the repeated failure of the Doha round of trade talks opens the door for bilateral or sub-regional free trade agreements, concluding with the prediction that regional integration in Latin America will come about as a result of agreements between various sub-regional trade blocs. The weakness of internal demand makes the development of the region’s agri-food sector highly dependent on exports, the growth of which is one of the main economic drivers in these countries, particularly net exporters. In addressing the issue of the distribution of profits from trade liberalization, the authors propose a variety of schemes that have already proved their effectiveness in countries such as Mexico, Turkey, Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua and Honduras.</span>

scholarly journals Are the Financial Markets Sensitive to Hydrological Risk? Evidence from the Bovespa

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3011
Author(s):  
José Manuel Feria-Domínguez ◽  
Pilar Paneque ◽  
Fanny de la Piedra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Perishable Products ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Sample Versus

This research analyzes the BOVESPA stock market response to the worst drought occurred in the last 100 years in Brazil. For this purpose, we conducted a standard event study analysis in order to assess the financial response to such hydrological risk on a sample of seven Brazilian agri-food firms. We found statistically significant negative cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) around the drought official announcement for different event windows used. Particularly, the highest impact was obtained for the narrowest temporary window, five days around the event disclosure. Moreover, we also found the drought announcement affects even more negatively those companies that sell perishable products, five out of seven in our sample, versus those selling nonperishable ones by running a two-sample t-test on CAARs. This study brings awareness to the climate change impact into the emerging financial markets and the risk faced by shareholders when investing in the agri-food sector, not only in Brazil but also in other Latin American countries, due to the increasing probability to suffer from droughts.

Impact of the Patent Cooperation Treaty in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 803-822
Author(s):  
Juan I Correa ◽  
Carlos M Correa
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Patent Cooperation Treaty ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract This study shows that the main beneficiaries of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) in three Latin American countries, which adhered to it as a result of the obligations provided for in free trade agreements, have been non-residents rather than local companies and individual inventors. This rebuts the frequently made argument that acceding to the PCT would generate incentives for local innovation and benefit local inventors by boosting their capacity to protect their developments in third countries. In the three countries considered in this study, the number of patents granted increased after accession to the treaty. This points to the risk of an erosion of the countries’ flexibilities in designing and implementing patent policies, as allowed by the TRIPS Agreement, with respect to the standards applied to assess eligibility for patent protection.

Innovation in Latin American Regionalism: The Andean Common Market

1973 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Avery ◽  
James D. Cochrane
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Common Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent Attempt ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
Latin American Countries

The Andean Common Market, the most recent attempt at regional integration in Latin America, differs from the other Latin American efforts both in the factors that prompted its formation and in the support it had when it was established. More importantly, it differs in its terms and provisions, providing for a higher level of integration than any other Latin American effort. Several of its features—a common policy on foreign investment, regional planning and coordination in such fields as industry and agriculture, a quasi–supranational secretariat — make it an innovative approach to integration in Latin America. Numerous factors enhance the integrative potential of Andean integration. Among these are relatively favorable ratings on several of the neo–functional variables of regional integration. These indicators suggest that the effort may attain its objectives and perhaps even set an example to be followed by other economic groupings among Latin American countries. Still, projections about the future of the Andean Common Market must remain mixed. Some negative factors exist within the movement that could, if they triumph over the positive factors, lead to the same stagnation that now characterizes LAFTA and the CACM.

scholarly journals Free trade agreements and their impact on latin american migrations: An approach

2008 ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ernesto Buitrago R.
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Latin American Countries

This paper aims to review the causes of international migration and the potential impact of FTAs (Free TradeAgreements) on latin american migrations. The first part describes the economic and non-economic causes for migration. The second one shows the potential impact of FTAs in the economy (job creation/destruction by sectors) in CAFTA countries and Colombia.The last part shows that there is little correlation between the commercial openness (FTAs) and the reduction of poverty. Poverty seems to be increasing in the studied countries –even more in those with the most open commercial regimens, than in those with the most closed ones. Data proves that openness doesn’t reduce the poverty automatically; on the contrary, in some (regional or subregional) cases it increases and causes a major determinant of international migration in latin american countries.

scholarly journals Latin American Reflections on Integration Processes: from Theory of Peripheral Capitalism to “Sudamexit”

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-233
Author(s):  
Lazar’ Solomonovich Kheifets ◽  
Ksenia Aleksandrovna Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Trade Blocs ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Successive Change ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
Expert Forecasts ◽  
Regional Associations

Integration processes in Latin America and Caribbean basin have been traditionally provoking strong research interest. Over the past decades, Latin American integration has tested plethora of institutional designs, ranging from relatively uniform subregional trade blocs - CACM, LAFTA, etc. to multifunctional partnerships with an identity-forming component, like Unasur or CELAC. This paper is an attempt to show how the Latin American academic community itself analyzes the integration in the “domestic” region. Forming the literature review, the authors, firstly, show how Latin American integrationism has transformed with the successive change of the phases of the “old”, “open” and “post-liberal” regionalism. Despite the fact that the types of integration in each of the periods differ significantly, scientists approach them in quite a similar way. They have been engineering the region socially and have been using such basic concepts as globalización , soberanía and desarrollo . The theory and practice of Latin American integration has always been closely intertwined. Secondly, the authors distinguish three today’s Latin American “big discourses” about integration - political-economic, geopolitical and state-centered. Each of these discourses takes into account the internal and external conditions that led to the post-liberal phase of integration. Third, expert forecasts about the prospects of regional associations against the background of the crisis tendencies of recent years are presented in this paper. Latin American experts agree on the fact that regional integration has entered the new phase, the most important features of which are the globalization slowing down, the complication of inter-American relations due to the “Trump factor”, the decline of left-progressist forces in the region.

scholarly journals Impact of economic internationalization Policies in Colombia, Peru and Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (66) ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
Rubén Darío Echeverri Romero
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Latin American Countries

In the past four decades, Latin American countries have implemented different trade policies and economic integration models since the 1990s with a structuralist ECLAC approach and then moved on to commercial opening and autonomous integration. The purpose of this document is to analyze how trade policies and integration in Colombia, Chile and, Peru impacted their foreign trade in the period from 1980 through 2017. By using a mixed descriptive methodology, our qualitative approach was based on the documentary analysis of the different Government Plans, identifying three categories: export development, integration agreements, and institutional development. The quantitative approach was descriptive and analyzed the impacts of trade policy on variables such as GDP, exports, trade balance, and export structure per country. It is concluded that trade policies and integration models adopted very similar approaches in these countries. Nevertheless, it was found that Chile and Peru diversified their exports more than Colombia did, thereby improving their international trade.

China’s trade policy towards Latin America: an analysis of free trade agreements policy

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorotea Lopez ◽  
Felipe Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latin American Countries

PurposeThe emergence of China in the international trading system has shifted its gravity center, as the country has become one of the mayor actors in international economic relations. Through the subscription of preferential agreements, China is building a network of strategic partnerships worldwide, including Latin America. The purpose of this paper is to answer the questions: Do free trade agreements (FTAs) between China and Latin American countries contribute to expand trade flows and enhance products diversification?Design/methodology/approachThree countries have an FTA with China, Chile (2005), Peru (2009) and Costa Rica (2010). Through an econometric estimation based on a gravity model, the authors expect to determine the impact of these agreements over both trade flows and products.FindingsThe study shows that FTAs have a positive impact on both bilateral trade flows and on the number of exchanged products. Nevertheless, this impact is positive but diminishes in time. The authors confirm that these agreements allowed for a substantive expansion of trade between Latin American economies and China, becoming relevant for policymakers regarding the bi-regional relation.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the understanding of the bilateral trade relations between China and Latin American countries, giving evidence of the magnitude of the impact of FTAs. Through new data, at a six-digit level of detail, this study improves current knowledge regarding bilateral economic relations.

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