scholarly journals Taking a Stand: Exploring the Role of the Scientists prior to the First Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs, 1957

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-87
Author(s):  
Sylvia Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Nuclear Testing ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Public Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Willingness To Use

In 1957, a small group of world-renown scientists gathered in Pugwash, Nova Scotia to discuss the growing threat of nuclear arms. Funded by industrialist Cyrus Eaton and spearheaded by philosopher Bertrand Russell and physicist Joseph Rotblat, this 1957 meeting founded an organization of scientists that believed they had a duty to speak out against escalating nuclear testing and what they saw as the irresponsible use of science. However, not every scientist felt that it was appropriate to take a public and political stand. This paper gives a brief history of the Pugwash movement and how its first meeting came to be held in Pugwash, Nova Scotia. The perspectives of involved scientists are examined, contrasting the attitudes of participants in the conference with the attitudes of scientists who declined a public role. This paper explores how scientists perceived their own responsibility to act, examining the willingness to use their cultural identity as scientists to lobby for a particular political position.

Identity-Mapping in the Sardinian Bronze Age

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Blake
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distinct Boundary ◽  
Cultural Identity Formation ◽  
Material Record

The aim of this paper is to locate in the emergence and elaboration of Sardinia's Nuragic society, a narrative of cultural identity formation. The Nuragic period is typically defined in terms of economic, social, and demographic characteristics, and a Nuragic identity is implicitly taken to be a passive byproduct of these material circumstances. Such an account overlooks the role of identity in enabling and characterizing human action. The disjointed and contradictory Nuragic period transition preceded the formation of a coherent cultural identity. This identity, it will be argued, underwent a retrospective rearticulation to establish a distinct boundary between the Nuragic society and its antecedents. The material record illustrates clearly that the history of the Nuragic identity is implicated in social development on Sardinia in the second millennium BC.

Bertrand Russell (1872-1970) after twenty years

1990 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-306 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
British History ◽  
Arithmetical Property ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Many

1990 marks the vicesenary of the death of Bertrand Russell, in his 98th year; and this arithmetical property is sufficient reason to review the historical research that has been published on his life and work during the past 20 years. During his long life he had already become the subject of historical research in many of his activities; but this interest accelerated considerably around the time of his death because in the mid 1960s he had decided to sell the bulk of his manuscripts, to raise money to finance his current projects. One of these was the series of conferences financed by the Canadian industrialist Cyrus Eaton, which began at his birthplace of Pugwash, in Nova Scotia. An alumnus of McMaster University at Hamilton, Ontario, Eaton announced that he would put forward a considerable sum of his own money if the papers went to McMaster. Some deft work by the librarian there secured the rest of the required capital, and the papers were purchased in 1968. Thus was created the ‘Bertrand Russell Archives’, as Russell insisted it be called, rejecting the original appellation of ‘Archive’; it is a major resource for British history of Russell’s time, and for the many other concerns in which he was involved. Soon after its launch in 1972, the first Russell conference at McMaster took place, to commemorate the centenary of his birth; its proceedings were published as a book four years later.

Reading In/Between: Migrant Bodies, Latin American Translations

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Larkosh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
The West ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Literary Community ◽  
Virgilio Pinera ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This essay examines the role of translation in the redefinition of the relationship between authors and their respective national cultures, and in continuing discussions of gender, sexuality, migration and cultural identity in translation studies. The translation of Witold Gombrowicz’s novel Ferdydurke from Polish into Spanish by Cuban author Virgilio Piñera and a Translation Committee, not only calls into question the conventional dichotomy of author and translator, but also creates a transnational literary community which questions a number of assumptions about the history of translation in the West, its complicity both in the construction of literary canonicity and the maintenance of the educational institution.

For Want of Cognitively Defined Propositions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Soames
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Language Of Thought ◽  
Philosophical Logic ◽  
Unity Of The Proposition ◽  
Peter Strawson ◽  
History Of

This chapter chronicles the troubled history of propositions in the thought of Bertrand Russell, Wittgenstein, Peter Strawson, and John Langshaw “J. L.” Austin. After noting the central role of propositions and propositional functions in Russell’s philosophical logic, it explains how and why his early Platonistic conception of propositions was defeated by the so-called problem of “the unity of the proposition.” It then shows how, by reversing one of his key explanatory priorities, the cognitive conception of propositions sketched in Chapter 3 can be used to solve the unity problem and to reinstate a conception of propositions capable of playing the role required of them in his philosophical logic. It argues that the tractarian theory of propositions suffers from three difficulties common to today’s “language of thought” theories of cognition. It concludes with a discussion of the rejection of propositions by ordinary-language philosophers who repudiated the idea that understanding expressions is, at bottom, knowing certain semantic facts about them.

Between Voß and Schröder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Eigler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Complicated Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Literary Aesthetic

This chapter argues that German translations of Virgil are the result of a complicated process, in which history of reception and history of translations move alongside one another. It explores the interaction between translations of Virgil and translations of Homer, giving particular attention to the role of the authoritative translation of Homer by Johann Heinrich Voß. It demonstrates that the discourse on translations of Virgil since the eighteenth century is deeply entwined with literary, aesthetic, and political questions, which are closely entangled with the German struggle for unity and cultural identity. The chapter tries to show this by looking briefly at translations of the Aeneid beginning with Friedrich Schiller’s experimental work, focusing particularly on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The Role of Introduced Parasites in the Control of the Winter Moth in Nova Scotia

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1159-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Embree
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulatory Properties

AbstractThe history of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Linnaeus), a geometrid introduced into Nova Scotia, is reviewed and an assessment is made of two introduced parasites: a tachinid, Cyzenis albicans (Fallen), and an ichneumonid, Agrypon flaveolatum (Gravenhorst). Functional response curves of both species are discussed, particularly the atypical S-shaped curve of C. albicans, which demonstrates regulatory properties. Biological control efforts to date have been successful but a virus that appeared in winter moth populations may change initial relationships between the introduced parasites and the host.

The politeness formula si placet in Late Latin: on the role of pragmatic conventions in discourse traditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Chiara Fedriani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
General Process ◽  
Stylistic Feature ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Pragmatic Enrichment ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis paper analyzes uses, functions, and literary distribution of the negative politeness formula si placet ‘(lit.) if it pleases (you)’ in a corpus of Late Latin texts (third–sixth century CE). Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative observations, it is suggested that the pragmatic enrichment undergone by this conditional parenthetical clause is due to a conspiracy of factors, namely a process of semantic and pragmatic change fostered by a “politeness-induced invited inference” (Beeching 2005), which was triggered by a general process of literary imitation within the very specific discourse tradition of philosophical dialogues. The analysis shows, indeed, that si placet is very rarely used in the history of Latin and it is circumscribed to this specific literary genre. This suggests that this politeness formula developed as a genre-specific stylistic feature and as such it was replicated over centuries through the circulation of textual models and the propagation of genre-related practices, as a valuable linguistic device to render the idea of an urbane conversation among educated peers and, ultimately, as a marker of socio-cultural identity.

scholarly journals HERITAGE CONTESTATION AND CONTEXT OF RELIGION: POLITICAL SCENARIO FROM SOUTHERN ASIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Rana P.B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
South Asian ◽  
North India ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Role Of Religion

Heritage is a cultural identity to be refl ected in the purview of individual, unique and multiple layers of pluralism, especially with respect to religion, at least in Oriental cultures that maintained their traditions and continuity together with examples of contestation, destruction and also sometimes harmonious co-existence. In the span of time the layering of various cultures put their marks, which in the sequence of time turn to be the issue of confl icts due to claims and controls by the diff erent groups. As a consequence there resulted issues of representation, belongingness, control and power, dissonance and contestation. Despite all theoretic constructs and human concerns for peace and harmony the issue of dissonance dominates, especially withreference to ethnicities and religion. The religious built environments are the pitiful suff erers in such happenings of turmoil recorded every parts of the world. In South Asia the Muslim invasion in medieval period (15th to 18th centuries) had been the major force and process for destruction and superimposing Islamic structure, like in case of major sacred cities of Hindus in north India. In the areas of old culture one fi nds heritagescapes that are subject to ‘ill construction and jumbled space’ where ‘several sites appear incompatibly’. The confl icts between secularist democracy and democratic religiosity are the common phenomena in South Asian region. So on, confl icts between archaeological sites or monuments and lived cultural heritage. It may be accepted rationally that if the two communities, Hindus and Muslims, are ready not to heap defeat and humiliation with an aim to re-establish the history of the medieval times, the issues can be resolved amicably. This essay reviews the emerging literature dealing with the enduring role and context of religion in the issue of contesting heritage (mostly cultural). Emphasis is further laid on the contextual constructs of analysis, examples from diff erent parts of Southern Asia, and fi nally role of religion in policies, mitigation and management of contesting heritage.

scholarly journals Irpinia Earthquake and History: A Nexus as a Problem

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Giovanni Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Events ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Role ◽  
Public Commitment ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

Forty years from the 23 November 1980, Irpinia-Basilicata earthquake date represents much more than a commemoration. It has been a fracture for the history of Italy. Important for many reasons, this earthquake has been a watershed for the studies and the public role of research. Historians have been solicited to work on the topic by scholars of the geological and seismological sciences: in the face of the repetition of disastrous seismic events in Italy, earthquakes remained ‘outside the history’. However, the real difficulty of socio-historical science is not neglecting seismic events and their consequences, but rather the reluctance to think of ‘earthquake’ as a specific interpretative context. This means to deal with the discipline ‘statute’ as well as the public commitment of scholars. In this way, the circle earthquake-history-memory requires broad interdisciplinarity, which offers insights to work on historical consciousness and cultural memory: important aspects to understand the past as well as to favour a seismic risk awareness.

scholarly journals A Brief History of the USDA Motion Picture Service to 1943

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Emmett Winn
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
Government Agency ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
History Of

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE USDA MOTION PICTURE SERVICE TO 1943 The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) began producing films in the early 1900s and continued for decades. Millions saw these films in a wide variety of venues, including public schools, colleges and universities, civic meeting halls, libraries, church halls, and even open fields. Over the period of several decades, from the silent-movie era through the 1950s, the USDA was a significant government filmmaking organization, touting itself to be not only the first government agency to organize a filmmaking division but also the most prolific. The USDA motion picture branch was internationally respected, and the distribution of its films was high for US government institutions, particularly in the 1920s and 1930s. The USDA showed its films practically anywhere extension workers or others could gather a small group or a large crowd. The role of the films varied,...

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