scholarly journals Le navettage et la tarification du transport par automobile en milieu urbain

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-427
Author(s):  
Gilles N. Larin
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Milieu Urbain ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Cross Subsidization

Abstract This article deals with the importance of commuting by automobile in metropolitan areas of Canada. Several characteristics of commuting trips are examined, particularly in the context of trips to work. Existing pricing arrangements are criticized and alternatives suggested. Although no single change would be optimal, some form of cross-subsidization between private and public transportation would improve efficiency.

scholarly journals Environmental Characteristics Associated with Older Adults’ Social Participation: The Contribution of Sociodemography and Transportation in Metropolitan, Urban, and Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8399
Author(s):  
Mélanie Levasseur ◽  
Daniel Naud ◽  
Jean-François Bruneau ◽  
Mélissa Généreux
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Environmental Characteristics

Although social participation fosters older adults’ health, little is known about which environmental characteristics are related to greater participation in social activities. The Canadian Community Health Survey (n = 2737), a transportation survey, and multiple secondary data sources were used to identify the environmental characteristics associated with older Quebecers’ social participation according to living area. Greater social participation was associated with: (1) a higher concentration of older adults (IRR = 2.172 (95% CI 1.600, 2.948); p < 0.001), more kilometers traveled by paratransit (IRR = 1.714 (95% CI 1.286, 2.285); p < 0.01), a lack of medical clinics (IRR = 0.730 (95% CI 0.574, 0.930); p = 0.01), and more funded home adaptations (IRR = 1.170 (95% CI 1.036, 1.320); p = 0.01) in large metropolitan areas; (2) larger paratransit fleets (IRR = 1.368 (95% CI 1.044, 1.791); p = 0.02) and a lower density of road intersections (IRR = 0.862 (95% CI 0.756, 0.982); p = 0.03) in regular metropolitan areas; (3) less social deprivation (IRR = 1.162 (95% CI 1.025, 1.318); p = 0.02) in urban areas; and (4) a higher concentration of older populations (IRR = 2.386 (95% CI 1.817, 3.133); p < 0.001) in rural areas. According to these findings, social participation interventions should target the local environment—for example, by providing more social interaction opportunities for older adults living in younger neighborhoods and by improving access to public transportation, especially paratransit.

Availability and placement of healthy and discretionary food in Australian supermarkets by chain and level of socio-economic disadvantage

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Schultz ◽  
Adrian J Cameron ◽  
Lily Grigsby-Duffy ◽  
Ella Robinson ◽  
Josephine Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Shelf Space ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
June July ◽  
Purchasing Patterns

Abstract Objective: The current study aimed to investigate availability and placement of healthy and discretionary (less healthy) food in supermarkets in Victoria, Australia, and examine variation by supermarket chain and area-level socio-economic disadvantage. Design: Cross-sectional supermarket audit. Measures included: (i) proportion of shelf space (in square metres) allocated to selected healthy and discretionary food and beverages; (ii) proportion of end-of-aisle, checkout and island bin displays containing discretionary food and beverages and (iii) proportion of space within end-of-aisle, checkout and island bin displays devoted to discretionary food and beverages. Setting: Metropolitan areas of Melbourne and Geelong, Australia. Assessment: June–July 2019. Participants: Random sample of 104 stores, with equal numbers from each supermarket group (Coles, Woolworths, Aldi and Independent stores) within strata of area-level socio-economic position. Results: Proportion of shelf space devoted to selected discretionary foods was greater for Independent stores (72·7 %) compared with Woolworths (65·7 %), Coles (64·8 %) and Aldi (63·2 %) (all P < 0·001). Proportion of shelf space devoted to selected discretionary food for all Coles, Woolworths and Aldi stores was 9·7 % higher in the most compared with the least disadvantaged areas (P = 0·002). Across all stores, 90 % of staff-assisted checkout displays and 50 % of end-of-aisle displays included discretionary food. Aldi was less likely to feature discretionary food in end-of-aisle and checkout displays compared with other supermarket groups. Conclusions: Extensive marketing of discretionary food in all Australian supermarket chains was observed, which is likely to strongly influence purchasing patterns and population diets. Findings should be used to inform private and public sector policies to reduce marketing of discretionary food in supermarkets.

Aspects of Pricing Policy for Private and Public Transportation

1971 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Göran Bergendahl ◽  
Goran Bergendahl
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Private And Public

scholarly journals Challenges of Institutional Coordination in Planning for Public Transportation in East Africa: Analysis Based on Perceptions of Stakeholders in Dar-es-Salaam and Nairobi

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kanyama
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Analysis Of Results

<p><em>This paper examines the challenges of institutional coordination in planning for public transport in Dar</em><em>-</em><em>es-Salaam and Nairobi. Sources of data included literature review from published and unpublished documents, interviews with institutions involved in public transportation and workshops. The </em><em>data was coded and analyzed using structural-functional and content analysis.</em><em> Analysis of results showed a number of challenges that constrain institutional coordination in planning for public transport in the cities of Dar-es-salaam and Nairobi. Those challenges are inherently embedded in the institutional, political, cultural, economic and technological conditions of Tanzania and Kenya. This paper recommends establishment of a framework for institutional coordination in planning for public transport suited to circumstances of each of these countries. This will be a tool to address uncontrolled fragmentation of public transport agreements across different agencies, and a guide to different sectors to pursue individual public transport initiatives within the agreed policy objectives. Good governance and leadership principles should be central attributes in the framework for institutional coordination with emphasis on democratic participation and the development of partnerships between private and public sectors and citizens in planning for public transport.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals An IoT and Blockchain Based System for Monitoring and Tracking Real-Time Occupancy for COVID-19 Public Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés ◽  
Iván Froiz-Míguez ◽  
Paula Fraga-Lamas
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
The People ◽  
Private And Public

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought several limitations regarding physical distancing in order to reduce the interactions among large groups that could have prolonged close contact. For health reasons, such physical distancing requirements should be guaranteed in private and public spaces. In Spain, occupancy is restricted by law but, in practice, certain spaces may become overcrowded, existing law infringements in places that rely on occupancy estimations that are not accurate enough. For instance, although the number of passengers who enter a public transportation service is known, it is difficult to determine the actual occupancy of such a vehicle, since it is commonly unknown when and where passengers descend. Despite a number of counting systems existing, they are either prone to counting errors in overcrowded scenarios or require the active involvement of the people to be counted (e.g., going through a lathe or tapping a card when entering or exiting a monitored area) or of a person who manages the entering/exit process. This paper presents a novel IoT occupancy system that allows estimating in real time the people occupancy level of public spaces such as buildings, classrooms, businesses or moving transportation vehicles. The proposed system is based on autonomous wireless devices that, after powering them on, do not need active actions from the passengers/users and require a minimum amount of infrastructure. The system does not collect any personal information to ensure user privacy and includes a decentralized traceability subsystem based on blockchain, which guarantees the availability, security and immutability of the collected information. Such data will be shared among smart city stakeholders to ensure public safety and then deliver transparent decision-making based on data-driven analysis and planning.

TRANSPORTATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghapar Othman ◽  
Kausar Hj. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Negative Impacts

Transportation is one of the key indicators used to measure the Quality of Life of people especially those living in the urban area. Many aspects of transportation are very significant as they have the power to directly influence our way of life in search for a better Quality of Life. Many Malaysians depend on private vehicle transportations to cater their daily travel needs which inevitably leads to an over infiltration of vehicles into the urban area. Automobile dependency has always been viewed as a potential threat to Malaysia’s urban areas, as it contributes to the increase in traffic congestion, higher accidents rate, inefficient usage of urban land, environmental pollution, adverse economic impacts, urban sprawling and reduces the overall quality of public transportation. All these negative impacts deteriorate the quality of life of urban dwellers. This chapter will discuss Malaysia's urban transportation in general, focusing on the struggle between private and public transportation usage and the impacts of automobile dependency towards the urban dwellers’ Quality of Life; as well as putting forward possible strategies and measures in an attempt to provide a balanced urban transportation system.

A Study of Urban Electric Bus With Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Battery and Supercapacitors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Luigi Mapelli ◽  
Davide Tarsitano ◽  
Davide Annese ◽  
Marco Sala ◽  
Giorgio Bosia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage System ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Traction System

Nowadays considerable resources have been invested on low emission passenger vehicle both for private and public transportation. A feasible solution for urban buses is a full electrical traction system fed by supercapacitor that can be recharged at each bus stop while people are getting on and off. Such vehicle covers a short distance between consecutive stops, usually less than half a kilometer. An energy storage system able to provide high power peaks and small amount of energy is required. For these reasons, supercapacitors, which are capable of fast charging during bus stops, appear the most appropriate storage devices [1]. In order to consider the worst operating condition for the bus (like traffic jam of higher distance to be covered), a conventional battery is also installed, getting an hybrid energy storage system. An energy management function, able to manage the energy storage system, has been developed and validated by means of a numerical simulation model.

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