scholarly journals Turning Migration Disadvantage into Educational Advantage. Autobiographies of Successful Students with an Immigrant Background

Author(s):  
Mariagrazia Santagati

The article focuses on unexpected pathways of successful students with an immigrant background, in order to investigate the implication of this phenomenon from a theoretical, methodological and empirical point of view. After a review of the main sociological studies on “immigrant optimism” towards educational success, I will reflect on biographical approach, particularly suitable to study this topic. A on-going research project based on the collection of educational autobiographies of successful immigrant-origin students, attending upper secondary schools in Northern Italy, is presented. Then, the story of Destiny, a 16 years-old girl with Moroccan origin, is used as a case study to explore transformative actions that lead second-generation students to educational success and to identify the social logic enrolled in a single case. Destiny, with the support of parents and teachers, shows the capacity to turn the disadvantage of migration into an educational advantage, through specific strategies developed to contrast adversities and inequalities, assuming education to handle social constraints. In Destiny autobiography, migration reveals its nature of biographical resource and its important role to lead disadvantaged students to excellent school outcomes: migration appears as a an experience of familiar sufferance and failure, but also a source of a biographical learning; a chance of reflexivity on failure and of awareness of disadvantage; an experience that transmit and foster non-cognitive skills, that are strong predictor of educational success. The methodological choice of “educational autobiography” is thus considered crucial to track new narratives and discourses on ethnic inequalities in education.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Mariagrazia Santagati

This article provides an insight into ethnic inequalities in education, from the point of view of successful students with an immigrant background. Since the 1990s, educational and migration studies have examined the unexpected pathways of disadvantaged students: researchers tested different hypotheses concerning drivers of success, highlighting social, family, and institutional mechanisms that have reproduced inequalities but also generated new opportunities. The educational success of students with a migrant background, however, is under-investigated in Italy, which represents a relevant context in which to explore the coexistence of persisting educational drawbacks and successful schooling for the children of migrants, born in Italy or abroad. Using data from a qualitative study carried out in northern Italy, the analysis is based on autobiographies written by an heterogenous group of 65 students of immigrant origin attending different types of upper secondary schools. The analysis reveals the presence of different meanings, attitudes, and narratives of success among these students, which vary according to the different cohorts of immigrant-origin students. Each group implements different successful strategies—standing out, working hard, waiting—inspired by individualistic and collective logics, which can imply specific risks for students and different types of impact on equal opportunities and social cohesion. These findings could open new avenues of research and intervention, helping policymakers and practitioners to think and act, given that success is indeed possible for immigrant-origin students.


2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512520381p1-7512520381p1
Author(s):  
Christine A. Linkie ◽  
Cynthia Evetts

Abstract Date Presented 04/19/21 People with schizophrenia have daily living challenges related to impaired cognitive skills and low self-efficacy. This study used the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) in a single-case design with multiple baselines (N = 5) to investigate a strengths-based intervention for people with schizophrenia. Visual and statistical analyses yielded a small intervention effect (d = 0.26) and relationships among cognitive variables and MOHOST domains. Participants reported increased self-confidence and occupational engagement. Primary Author and Speaker: Christine A. Linkie Additional Authors and Speakers: Karen Ratcliff, Ickpyo Hong


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doretta Caramaschi ◽  
Alexander Neumann ◽  
Andres Cardenas ◽  
Gwen Tindula ◽  
Silvia Alemany ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTCognitive skills are a strong predictor of a wide range of later life outcomes. Genetic and epigenetic associations across the genome explain some of the variation in general cognitive abilities in the general population and it is plausible that epigenetic associations might arise from prenatal environmental exposures and/or genetic variation early in life. We investigated the association between cord blood DNA methylation at birth and cognitive skills assessed in children from eight pregnancy cohorts (N=2196-3798) within the Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium across overall, verbal and non-verbal cognitive scores. The associations at single CpG sites were weak for all of the cognitive domains investigated. One region near DUSP22 on chromosome 6 was associated with non-verbal cognition in a model adjusted for maternal IQ. We conclude that there is little evidence to support the idea that cord blood DNA methylation at single CpGs can predict cognitive skills and further studies are needed to confirm regional differences.


1947 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Le Bras

Abstract The observations which are recorded in the present paper represent an extension of the single case of litharge which has already been described. They show that, when small percentages of certain substances are added to rubber with a view to protecting the rubber from deterioration by oxygen, these substances are capable of directing the combination of oxygen with the rubber in different ways. This is shown by the fact that, as a result, a given percentage of combined oxygen does not lead to the same deterioration in physical properties. This difference in behavior can be explained logically on the basis of the antioxygenic theory by assuming that some agents act, not by retarding the rate of oxidation, but by deactivating the peroxides as soon as they are formed. By what term are these agents to be designated? First of all it should be recalled how an antioxygenic substance is defined. Every substance is an antioxygenic agent when it has the power, in small percentages, of retarding the rate of absorption of free oxygen by an autoxidizable substance. This definition obviously does not apply to a perfect deactivating agent, since the latter has no effect on the rate of absorption of oxygen, in spite of it too protecting rubber against deterioration by oxygen, and therefore being equally worthy, from the practical point of view, of being called an antioxygenic agent. However, this would only lead to confusion between the phenomenon itself and its effects. Furthermore, since commercial antioxygenic substances appear to show, to a greater or less degree, a combination of the two actions, one might consider designating them by some term which would embody both mechanisms. The word “antiaging agent” is not suitable, for it is too general and applies to cases where, in addition to oxygen, other influences such as light and repeated flexing play a part. There is, then, a problem in terminology to be settled, but this will have to be left unanswered provisionally until sufficient facts which have a more direct bearing on the case are available. Finally attention should be called to the useful effect which may be pictured as a possibility when the two types of protective agents which have been described act jointly. In other words, if the two mechanisms in question were to be superimposed, it would appear to be possible to improve considerably the resistance of rubber to deterioration by oxygen, since any oxygen which escapes the protective action of the true antioxygenic agent has its harmful effect reduced by the deactivating agent. To express it figuratively, it might be said that oxygen which has succeeded in overcoming the first obstacle opposing its action finds itself confronted with a new defense which puts the oxygen partially out of action. As shown by experiments carried out on this subject, which are described in the following paper of this series, this theoretical conclusion is actually borne out by the results of the experiments.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 338-344
Author(s):  
Nathan Davies ◽  
Rosie Cooper ◽  
Manpreet Bains

School readiness is a strong predictor of educational attainment and future health, but its meaning to parents is uncertain. This study aimed to generate an understanding of how parents conceptualise school readiness, and the forms of support they would find most acceptable and effective. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 17 parents and were analysed thematically. Parents appeared conflicted in their beliefs about the most important school readiness factors (physical, social and emotional health) and those they perceived schools to prioritise (numeracy and literacy). Parents reported orienting children towards developing cognitive skills because they believed schools favoured these over socio-emotional aspects of school readiness. Parents valued health visitors' input in developing understanding of school readiness. Parental understanding of school readiness could be better supported, along with information on how best to prepare children. Health visitors could play a pivotal role in school readiness and have opportunities to educate and empower parents of young children.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
И. Синельников ◽  
I. Sinel'nikov

The article is devoted to the actual problem of updating of Russian school education — the issue of the formation of universal cognitive skills, communication skills and self-regulation. The process of introducing innovation is analyzed from the point of view of the current world trends in the development of education, from the perspective of the evolution of the approaches presented in the Russian school educational standards of 2004 and 2009-2012, in the context of emerging problems and potential threats — risks.


2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Egisvanda Isys De Almeida Sandes

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a discussion on the development of body expression as a mean of promoting disinhibition, in other words, the perception of one’s own body where there is other people. Consequently, it will produce motivation and promote creativity. In the foreign language classroom it is possible to get to this stage through the development of games, dance and activities that allow contact with the other. Thus, based on some questions raised by the cognitive development theory to treat the study of processes such as language, perception, memory, reasoning and problem solving and some discussion of the multiple intelligences theory of Gardner (1994), specifically about the bodily- kinesthetic intelligence, it is intended to analyze how the wok with body language can help in the development of a student's abilities and encourage his/her creativity and his/her process of acquisition and learning in the classroom, concretely, the foreign language class. In addition to bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, Gardner proposes that each person has at least eight intelligences or cognitive skills which work together, but as autonomous entities that require interaction. The author assumes that all intelligences are equally important, although each person has an intelligence more developed than another, depending on the cultural setting in which he/she is inserted, which may explain, to some extent, why people learn in different ways, according to their skills. However, although all intelligences are equally important, our school system tends to emphasize logical-mathematical intelligence and linguistic intelligence to the point that, in some cases, deny the existence of the others. Therefore, education should be thought from a point of view which considers the different ways of learning and, in the specific case of the teaching and learning of foreign languages, it is important to adopt a "plural approach to cognition", not an "unilateral" one, different from many authors who have treated human development.RESUMENEste trabajo presenta una discusión sobre el desarrollo de la expresión corporal como uno de los medios de fomentar la desinhibición, la percepción del propio cuerpo en el espacio en que están los demás y, consecuentemente, produ-ce la motivación y promueve la creatividad. En la clase de lengua extranjera se puede lograr este desarrollo a través de juegos, danza y actividades que permitan el contacto con el otro. De esa manera, a partir de algunas cuestiones que plantea la teoría del desarrollo cognitivo al tratar del estudio de procesos tales como lenguaje, percepción, memoria, razonamiento y resolución de problema, y de algunas discusiones de la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples de Gardner (1994), específica-mente acerca de la inteligencia corporal-cenestésica, se analizará cómo el trabajo con la expresión corporal puede ayudar en el desarrollo de las capacidades del estudiante y fomentar su creatividad y su proceso de adquisición y de aprendizaje en clase, concretamente, en la clase de lengua extranjera. Además de la inteligencia corporal-cenestésica, Gardner propone que cada persona tiene, por lo menos, ocho inteligencias o habilidades cognitivas más que trabajan juntas, pero como entidades autónomas que requieren interacción. El autor asume que todas las inteligencias son igualmente importantes, aunque cada sujeto presenta una inteligencia más desarrollada que otra según el escenario cultural en el que se inserta, lo que explicaría, en cierta medida, por qué las personas aprenden de diferentes maneras, es decir, de acuerdo con sus habilidades. Sin embar-go, aunque todas las inteligencias son igualmente importantes, nuestro sistema escolar suele enfatizar la inteligencia lógico-matemática y la inteligencia lingüística hasta el punto de, en algunos casos, negar la existencia de las demás. Así, se debe pensar la educación desde un punto de vista que considera las distintas formas de aprender y, en el caso específico de la enseñanza y del aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras, se debe adoptar un “abordaje plural de la cognición” y no “unilineal” contrario al de muchos autores que trataron el desarrollo humano.


Author(s):  
Caroline Oliveira Melo ◽  
Maria Conceição Melo Silva Luft ◽  
Ronalty Oliveira Rocha

This study sought to analyze, from the point of view of educational managers, and based on the TOE framework, the determinants, boosters, and creators of barriers to the adoption and implementation of information and communication technologies within an educational institution. A qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study was conducted, adopting the single case study as the research strategy. The data were collected through interviews, documentary research, and direct observations, later submitted to content analysis. Considering the TOE framework, the results demonstrate that the main determinants of technological adoption are linked to the environmental context; that the boosting elements are arranged in the organizational context; and that the elements that create barriers involve the organizational and environmental contexts.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Eduardo DE-CARLI ◽  
◽  
Andréa Paula SEGATTO ◽  
Ananda Silva SINGH ◽  
◽  
...  

This study aims at promoting an analysis of the process of technology transfer undertaken by Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), by means of the activities developed in the Genetic Improvement Program of Sugar Cane for the development of new technologies, new varieties of sugar cane. To do so, a single case study performed at the UFPR is held, aiming at identifying the main aspects that involve this process from the point of view of an institution. It was possible to notice that it creates a stimulus to the development of knowledge about a particular variety of the sugar cane plant by means of the interaction between the ten universities and also with its partners, in order to develop a variety more genetically developed that allows, for example, increased productivity. The technology transfer in the course of the process allows the development of several new varieties of sugar cane, in addition to providing expertise to members of the project. It is of fundamental importance for the activities and varieties to be carried out in a better way every time.


Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1333-1347
Author(s):  
François Quesque ◽  
Alexandre Foncelle ◽  
Éric Chabanat ◽  
Sophie Jacquin-Courtois ◽  
Yves Rossetti

Human description of the surrounding world may spontaneously rely on others’ perspective, which is a crucial component of social cognition. In five studies, participants were asked to describe the spatial relations between objects in visual scenes including, or not, other agents. In Experiment 1, a substantial proportion of participants used an other-centered perspective in the presence of another agent, replicating classical findings. To our own surprise, we also observed that an even greater number of participants used an other-centered perspective when the human agent was replaced by an armchair. In order to explore this phenomenon, Experiments 2 to 5 compared the respective strength of chair-centered and agent-centered perspectives and/or set them into conflict. A significant proportion of participants spontaneously took the seat’s perspective even when it may not be sat on (Experiments 3 and 4) and even when the seat was not referred to (Experiments 4 and 5). Altogether, these findings suggest that perspective taking may spontaneously apply to inanimate objects. These results question whether such tendencies originate from social cognitive skills—as classically assumed—or reveal a nonsocial phenomenon. Future works should specifically test the widely assumed social nature of spontaneous perspective-taking.


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