Examining experiential fear of crime using STUNDA: Findings from a smartphone-based experience methods study

Situational data have become more frequently used in research on offending and victimization. However, one outcome that has received less attention is fear of crime. The current study uses situational data collected through a smartphone application (STUNDA) to examine fear of crime as it is experienced in daily life among a sample of university students. Roughly 1200 situations reported by 129 students were analysed using generalized estimating equations. The results indicate that experiential fear of crime, in the form of worrying about victimization, is related to features of the immediate settings. More specifically, the odds ratio for experiencing fear of crime is significantly higher in places away from home and after dark, whereas social activities are associated with a significantly lower odds ratio, net of individual-level controls (gender, age, previous victimization and fear propensity). Yet, fear propensity, measured here using items that refer to an individual’s general worry about victimization, has an independent significant effect on fear of crime. As a result of the study’s convenience sample, the generalizability of the findings is limited, but a more general theoretical conclusion can nonetheless be drawn; features of settings and individual characteristics are both of importance. Further, the use of experience methods via a smartphone application provided detailed and unique situational data, which suggests that future research should further employ these methods to study situational phenomena such as fear of crime.

VALIDIZATION OF THE EMPIRICAL MODEL OF THE DYNAMICS OF INTEGRATION OF INTERNET COMMUNITIES

The article presents the results of a validating study carried out within the framework of the research under the grant "Building predictive models of the dynamics of the development of mobilization-type Internet communities". The aim of the study is to test the empirical model of integration of the Internet community in terms of the validity of the content and the validity of the criteria. The subject of the study is the validity of the criteria and integration factors identified in this model. The research methods are a survey of internal experts and a comparative analysis of assessments of the criteria and factors of integration of the specified model by external and internal experts. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is correct to identify the criteria and factors for integrating the Internet community at the first stages of the research project. Differences in the assessment by two types of experts of the significance of some criteria and factors of integration of Internet communities receive the fixation of two observation positions - external and internal - as two types of explanation, namely, an understanding and descriptive explanation, respectively. The conducted research not only allows to introduce new criteria and factors of integration into the empirical model of integration of the Internet community, but also to draw an important theoretical conclusion. Online communities in their development manifest both the properties of real social groups and the properties of networks. These two methodological attitudes can be equally successfully applied in the analysis of online communities of the mobilization type. In the first case, analyzing the behavior of the online community as a social group, the dynamics of its mobilization function is mostly recorded. In the second case, analyzing the behavior of a community as a network, the dynamics of its volume and the dynamics of information potential are described to a greater extent.

Evolution of correlation of terms sign and symbol in general semiotics, linguistics, and cultural studies

The purpose of the article is to analyze the views on the relation between sign and symbol in modern linguistics and cultural studies and to formulate a theoretical conclusion in order to avoid misunderstandings in scientific works. The methodology is based on the application of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the central concepts of semiotics, linguistics, and cultural studies. In addition to general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a cultural-genetic method was used, as well as such linguistic methods as descriptive, comparative, methods of functional and conceptual-ideographic analysis. The scientific novelty of the study is that it first revealed the cause of differences in the interpretation of the relation between sign and symbol in traditional semiotics, modern linguistic and cultural studies, and formulated recommendations for their definition. Conclusions. It is proved that the opposition of sign and symbol in modern humanities is based on the special symbolism of the symbol, which distinguishes it from the other signs, classified by Ch. Pierce in traditional semiotics. Genetically, a symbol is a sign that has developed particular anthropogenic trait distinctions, contrasting with other signs, which nevertheless does not completely remove its sign properties and functions.

Culture in Mind

Chapter 7 wraps up the book’s main findings and highlights our main theoretical conclusion: The interplay between the mind and social interactions helps explain the process behind sustained commitment. But what does our conclusion imply for the study of social movements and activism more generally? We begin by emphasizing the necessity to bring the mind back in all its complexity. Second, we argue for the need to take into account considerations regarding the interpretative dimensions of social networks. Third, we advocate a better integration of culture in the study of social movements, as this places an emphasis on the role of culture in shaping a person’s mind, and ultimately provides for finer theories of mobilization. Finally, as with any research, this study faces limits; we expose these in this final chapter, providing us with the opportunity to suggest avenues for further research.

Makna Shirat, Sabil Dan Thariq Dalam Tafsir Al-Misbah Serta Implementasinya Dalam Kehidupan

The problem raised in this paper is how the meaning of shirat, sabil and tariq in the Qur'an with a semantic approach and its implementation in life. Then how the meaning of the word in the interpretation of al-Misbah, how the linguistic features and what methods are used, it will be seen textually different from those contained in the interpretation of al-Misbah. The purpose of writing this thesis is to find out how the meaning of the three words above in the interpretation of al-Misbah with a semantic approach. This research is a type of library research or library, which is based on two sources, namely primary sources (the Holy Qur'an and the interpretation of al-Misbah) and secondary sources (supporting books related to the subject). Then after the data is collected, the data will then be grouped according to subtitles. The theoretical conclusion in this discussion shows that the word sabil refers more to the way of guidance or guidance which means one path of truth, while the sabil way of guidance which still provides the choice of truth or error is where the human ability to choose. As for the word Tariq, it means more broadly, can walk, position and others

Lockean Copyright versus Lockean Property

Locke’s labor theory, the most familiar of property theories, has faced centuries of philosophical criticism. Nonetheless, recent legal scholars have applied it to intellectual property while overlooking these philosophical critiques. Philosophers, on the other hand, are largely absent in IP theorizing, thus not asking whether Locke’s resilient intuition is salvageable in copyright’s domain. This Article argues that Lockean copyright is actually far more plausible than Lockean property, for it avoids the most devastating objections the latter faces. It then defends a surprising doctrinal implication of this theoretical conclusion: a workable Lockean copyright favors rights far more limited than present law.

Educational Speech-Language Pathology in the curricula of Speech-Language Pathology Programs in Brazil

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the inclusion of Educational Speech-Language Pathology in the curricula of Speech-Language Pathology programs in Brazil. Methods: a descriptive, exploratory, documentary research based on information from public domain documents. Data were collected from the search on the website of the Conselho Federal de Fonoaudiologia, each institution’s curricula being analyzed. Results: a total of 72 higher education institutions in Brazil, offering a Speech-Language Pathology bachelor program, was found. Of those that had their curricula available on the website, 34 offered at least one course on Educational Speech-Language Pathology. In most institutions, such courses had a study load of 40 hours or more, and 87.88% were exclusively theoretical. Conclusion: the presence of Educational Speech-Language Pathology in the curricula represents a progress. However, there is still a long way to go and there are many adjustments to be made for the speech-language pathologist’s training to satisfactorily include the field of education.

William James and British thought: then and now

The American psychologist and philosopher William James drew inspiration from British evolutionary theory, neurology, psychiatry, psychology and philosophy. Trained in anatomy, physiology and medicine, he developed a physiological psychology that offered acute analyses of consciousness and of the relations between mind and brain, habit and thought, cognition and emotion and other aspects of psychology. One of his insights, regarding the relation between attention and will, was based upon his own experience of panic anxiety, which was resolved through his reading of several British authors. The story of his psychiatric experience, practical response and later theoretical conclusion offers a potential contribution to contemporary therapeutic practice.

Monetary and Non-Monetary Inflation Factors

In continuation of our scientific research, published in the previous issue of the journal, this article was written. In the process of research, the methods of analysis and synthesis, the graphic method were used. The results of this study prove the general theoretical conclusion about the relationship between nominal wage growth and inflation. Achieving financial stability is possible with a decrease in the rate of inflation. Based on the analysis of the scientific periodic and monographic literature, the calculations we have cited, the article concluded that the reasons for inflation in Russia are mostly non-monetary. But when choosing a macroeconomic policy, it is necessary to base on the coordination of influence on both monetary and non-monetary factors of inflation.

Noise-Induced Truth Seeking of Heterogeneous Hegselmann-Krause Opinion Dynamics

In this paper, we study the noise-induced truth seeking for heterogeneous Hegselmann-Krause (HK) model in opinion dynamics. It has been proved that small noise could induce the group to achieve truth in homogeneous HK model; however, for the more practical heterogeneous HK model, the theoretical conclusion is absent. Here, we prove that small noise could also induce the group to achieve truth in heterogenous HK model, and, moreover, we first theoretically prove that large noise could drive some agents to deviate from the truth. These theoretical findings evidently reveal how the free information flow spreading in the media determines the social truth seeking.