Defining and measuring

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-68
Author(s):  
Steven King
Keyword(s):  
Poor Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Central Purpose ◽  
Frequency Intensity

The central purpose of this chapter is to understand the scale of sickness confronted by the Old Poor Law during its so- called crisis stages and to for a definition of medical welfare. In terms of the former, the chapter brings together the largest corpus of evidence ever assembled for this period. It argues that sickness increased in frequency, intensity and duration, such that the crisis of the Old Poor law was co-terminus with a crisis of health. Looking at how parochial officials recorded responses to such sickness, the chapter argues that we must follow them in adopting the widest possible definition of medical welfare.

An Analysis of the Freudian Slip and Errors in Speech Communication

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Ruch
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Speech Errors ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Central Purpose

The Freudian slip is a common, yet little understood, phenomenon of speech communication. Though we can usually identify a slip easily, most of us are unfamiliar with how, why, and where the slip occurs. In all of his writings Freud never addressed himself to the Freduian slip per se. It is the Freudian account of id drive, however, that allows us to establish a working definition of the Freudian slip and investigate the differences between the slip and errors in speech. The central purpose of this article is to attempt to formulate a theory of the Freudian slip and speech errors in the context of the information theory model.

Happy Treat: Food and Drink as Important Parts of Daily Life and Happiness

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Sučić ◽  
Tihana Brkljačić ◽  
Ljiljana Kaliterna Lipovčan ◽  
Renata Glavak-Tkalić ◽  
Lana Lučić
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Central Purpose ◽  
Specific Food

The aim of this study is to explore the content of lay definitions of happiness containing food/drink and food-related terms. This research is part of CRO-WELL—the Croatian Longitudinal Study of Well-Being project—which was conducted via an online application consisting of a comprehensive battery of questionnaires related to well-being and life events. The current study uses only an open-ended question in which the respondents provide their own definition of happiness by answering the question “What is happiness for you?” Definitions containing food-related terms (N = 207) were selected for the purpose of this study. The central purpose of this research is to explore which meals/food/drink people include in these definitions, and under what circumstances. Some respondents mentioned specific types of food/drink, while others (33.3%) used generic terms such as “food,” “lunch,” or “meal.” The most frequently mentioned specific food or drink items were coffee (28%) and sweets (22.1%). Two main dimensions of values attributed to food emerged: hedonic (76.8%) -existential (18.3%) and individual (52.2%) -social (44%). The study offers an explanatory model suitable for classifying the main values of food expressed within people's subjective constructs of happiness.

The Definition of DNA

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-95
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Small Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Corporate Innovation ◽  
Agile Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Central Purpose ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of defining a central purpose (or DNA as we call it in this book) is to have an idea, as clear as possible, of what motivates us in life (personal and corporate). Knowing who we are and where we want to go is the first step, as we saw in the previous chapter. However, when we talk about agile corporate innovation, the first step is to define a guiding team: a small group of 4-5 people who start with the work of strategic focus for the company, in whose number lies precisely the strength of the agile approach. This group of leaders needs to build a vision that later leads to the generation of an organizational structure that allows achieving the mega goals and objectives set for each proposed innovation initiative. The selection of the appropriate human talent and the execution and correct measurement of the proposed actions are the third and fourth steps. This chapter explores the authors' definition of DNA.

scholarly journals Using the SDGs for global citizenship education: Definitions, challenges, and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Leite
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Global Citizenship ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Indicator Framework ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Global Indicator ◽  
Central Purpose

The 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) employ a global indicator framework to detail each Goal and monitor its implementation. This article focuses on three targets from the indicator framework, which call for mainstreaming education for global citizenship, sustainable development, and climate change into national curricula. By investigating the practicalities of meeting these targets from an educator's perspective, this article proceeds with: arguing for a need to shift the central purpose of education; examining what is meant by education ‘for’ the three key areas included in the global indicator framework; exploring curricular opportunities offered by the SDGs; and presenting inquiry-based learning as a pedagogical approach for critically interrogating the SDGs with learners. If the SDGs are used to drive a pragmatic definition of global citizenship, then trends in education such as inquiry- and problem-based learning come to life with a clear and urgent purpose.

Introductory paper

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Metallic Line ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Parameter Varying ◽  
Definition Of

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.

2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Working Group ◽  
General Character ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Reference Coordinate System ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

Symbiotic Stars at Optical, Infrared and Radio Wavelengths

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 125-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Type Star ◽  
Stellar Systems ◽  
Symbiotic Stars ◽  
Lower Excitation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Original Type

No paper of this nature should begin without a definition of symbiotic stars. It was Paul Merrill who, borrowing on his botanical background, coined the termsymbioticto describe apparently single stellar systems which combine the TiO absorption of M giants (temperature regime ≲ 3500 K) with He II emission (temperature regime ≳ 100,000 K). He and Milton Humason had in 1932 first drawn attention to three such stars: AX Per, CI Cyg and RW Hya. At the conclusion of the Mount Wilson Ha emission survey nearly a dozen had been identified, and Z And had become their type star. The numbers slowly grew, as much because the definition widened to include lower-excitation specimens as because new examples of the original type were found. In 1970 Wackerling listed 30; this was the last compendium of symbiotic stars published.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Initial Polymerization Sites Indicated During Mitochondrial Oxidation of Diaminobenzidine after Toluene Treatment

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
W. A. Shannon ◽  
M. A. Matlib
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Oxidative Reaction ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Exogenous Substrates

Numerous studies have dealt with the cytochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase via cytochrome c. More recent studies have dealt with indicating initial foci of this reaction by altering incubation pH (1) or postosmication procedure (2,3). The following study is an attempt to locate such foci by altering membrane permeability. It is thought that such alterations within the limits of maintaining morphological integrity of the membranes will ease the entry of exogenous substrates resulting in a much quicker oxidation and subsequently a more precise definition of the oxidative reaction.The diaminobenzidine (DAB) method of Seligman et al. (4) was used. Minced pieces of rat liver were incubated for 1 hr following toluene treatment (5,6). Experimental variations consisted of incubating fixed or unfixed tissues treated with toluene and unfixed tissues treated with toluene and subsequently fixed.

Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Medical Research

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
J. D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valve ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mechanism Of Failure ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Scanning Electron

When the transmission electron microscope was commercially introduced a few years ago, it was heralded as one of the most significant aids to medical research of the century. It continues to occupy that niche; however, the scanning electron microscope is gaining rapidly in relative importance as it fills the gap between conventional optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.IBM Boulder is conducting three major programs in cooperation with the Colorado School of Medicine. These are the study of the mechanism of failure of the prosthetic heart valve, the study of the ultrastructure of lung tissue, and the definition of the function of the cilia of the ventricular ependyma of the brain.

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