Ukrainian assistance to refugees during the First World War1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liubov Zhvanko ◽  
Oleksiy Nestulya
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Governmental Regulation ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First World

The Ukrainian lands became an epicentre of the movement of refugees who were assisted by a range of organisations. This chapter considers the role of governmental bodies in the Russian Empire and the new entities that appeared on Ukrainian territory following the February 1917 Revolution: the Ukrainian Central Rada, and the Ukrainian National Republic (UNR). It discusses the developing framework and implementation of public policy in relation to refugees, the activity of local government and non-governmental organisations which supported refugees. The chapter considers refugees’ life in Ukraine in 1914-18. During the peace negotiations in Brest-Litovsk in February 1918, Ukrainian delegates took the initiative in organizing the re-evacuation of refugees; the agreement between Ukraine and Austro- Hungarian, German, Polish and Russian representatives concerning repatriation was an early example of inter-governmental regulation of a new humanitarian problem.

scholarly journals Management and police of Siberia in the First World War period

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Игорь Коновалов ◽  
Igor Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
World War ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
First World

The article is devoted to the development of police in Siberia in the prerevolutionary period.The author emphasizesthe role of the police in managingthe region. Also he covers issues of the organization of management, functions and main lines of action of police.The article highlights the key stages of the development ofthe police in Siberia during the period from the early First World War period. Author studied the characteristics of police work in the conditions of a vast and remote from the center the region with a small multi-ethnic population. The study analyzes the quantitative and qualitative composition of general and political police in Siberia, as well as their degree of compliance with the real needs of management. In addition, the study assesses the effectiveness of the reforms of the police and administration in Siberia.Analyzed the reasons and background that contributed to the crisis and the fall of the police state in the specific historical conditions of the Siberian outskirts of the Russian Empire.

“BULYGINSKAYA DUMA”. AGENCY WITHOUT POWER OR POWER OF AGENCY?

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Novoselskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article considers the attitude of representatives of the top bureaucracy to the draft of the State Duma, developed by a Special Council chaired by the Minister of the Interior A.G. Bulygin in 1905. Particular attention is paid to the high officials assessments of the dignitaries of the place and role of the Duma in the system of state administration of the Russian Empire, the arguments that officials cited in favor of its convocation. It analyzes intellectual context of the emergence of the “bulyginskaya duma” (“Bulygin Duma”) project is analyzed, which largely determined the breadth of the actual, not declared powers of the people’s agency. The research is based on unpublished documents from the funds of state institutions, as well as materials from the personal funds of officials and public figures. The article shows that, despite the legislative nature of the Duma, it had to have significant powers. The electoral system, which was proposed and defended by the high officials, was originally modeled in such a way as to avoid the triumph of the estates principle. The monarch’s open opposition to the people’s agency was considered a politically short-sighted move, which indicated a limitation of his power. The results of the study allow considering the government policy in 1905 not as an untimely response to public demands, but as a conscious strategy for systemic political reforms.

scholarly journals The Attitudes of Russian Officials in the 1880s Toward Jewish Assimilation and Emigration

Slavic Review ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Michael Aronson
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Jewish Intellectuals

The significance of the reign of Alexander III as a turning point in the history of Russian Jewry is beyond dispute. This reign witnessed a sharp deterioration in the Jews’ economic, social, and political condition. Jewish hopes for emancipation from the prevailing discriminatory legislation were dashed. Instead of emancipation, the Jews were presented with new restrictions, on their residence rights, educational opportunities, economic and professional pursuits, and participation in the institutions of local government. Faced with starvation, many thousands of Jews chose to leave the Russian Empire. Others chose to convert to Christianity in order to throw off the yoke of persecution. Moving in the opposite direction, many Jewish intellectuals who had previously believed in the beneficial results to be achieved by assimilation began to question this assumption. Some began to turn to Zionism. Others turned to active Jewish self-defense.

scholarly journals Activities of Military Topographers in Western Siberia in Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Russian Empire in 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 360-374
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Igumnov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
River Channels ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The activities of military topographers in Western Siberia to provide cartographic information on the foreign and domestic policies of the Russian Empire in Central Asia and Siberia in the 19th century are considered in the article. The role of information in the formation of the Russian Empire is emphasized. The contribution of the state to the organization of the study of the Asian regions of Russia and neighboring countries is noted. The establishment of the military topographic service in Western Siberia can be traced taking into account data on administrative transformations in the Siberian region, and on changes in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire. The participation of military topographers in determining and designating the state border with China is described in detail. The question of the role of military topographers in the scientific study of China and Mongolia is raised. The significance of the activities of military topographers for the policy of the Russian Empire on the socio-economic development of Siberia and the north-eastern part of the territory of modern Kazakhstan is revealed. The contribution of topographers to the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway, the design of river channels and new land routes is revealed. A large amount of literary sources, materials on the work of military topographers of Western Siberia, published in “Notes of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff” is used in the article.

scholarly journals “I am a Soldier; I Have Never Meddled in Politics and Do Not Meddle Now”: General A. E. Evert and the February Revolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Sergushkin
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Western Front ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Military Control ◽  
Commander In Chief ◽  
Constitutional Monarchy

The article focuses on the role of A. E. Evert, the commander-in-chief of the armies of the Western Front, in the events of the February Revolution. Russia's top military leadership took a consolidated position on the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II from the throne, but the unity regarding the fate of the Empire's future was only an appearance. This is made clear through a detailed examination of the decisions made by Evert during the last crucial days for the Russian Empire and of his motives. The author pays particular attention to the period after the emperor’s abdication when, in the political vacuum, the commander-in-chief of the armies of the Western Front changed his line of conduct and proposed the bold project of transferring the country's real political power under military control. The methodological basis of this study is the principles of historicism, systematicity and scientific objectivity, while also using the comparative and historical-genetic methods.  Evert considered the constitutional monarchy with Mikhail Alexandrovich on the throne as a worthy alternative to the forceful suppression of the revolution in the rear, which cannot be said about his view on the Provisional Government and the prospect of elections to the Constituent Assembly during the war. In this regard, the commander-in-chief of the armies of the Western Front hoped, with the support of his colleagues, to impose his will on the rebellious capital. However, his project did not receive the necessary support, and his disloyalty to the Provisional Government led to his early resignation.

scholarly journals Model of training bilingual teachers for the Eastern part of the Russian Empire (experience of historical analysis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.Р. Исхакова ◽  
А.К. Садыкова
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Bilingual Teachers ◽  
Bilingual Teacher ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
New Type ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Russian Empire

Актуальность статьи заключается в исследовании исторического потенциала системы билингвального образования, сложившейся в России в 80-е гг. XIX- нач. XX вв. в восточной части Российской империи. Цель статьи – выявить основные факторы, повлиявшие на формирование концепции двуязычного образования, создать теоретическую модель подготовки учителей-билингвалов; выявить социокультурное и социолингвистическое значение этой системы. Выявлены основные элементы этой модели; проведена их классификация. Определена роль видного педагога и миссионера Н.И. Ильминского в формировании концепции билингвального образования учителей нового типа. Предложена компетентностная характеристика учителя-билингвала; раскрыто значение учителей этого типа в развитии начального образования для нерусского населения восточных окраин России и в формировании этнокультурных процессов в регионе. The relevance of the article lies in the analysis of the historical potential of the system of bilingual education that developed in Russia in the 80-s of the XIX-beginning. XX centuries in the Eastern part of the Russian Empire. The purpose of the article is to identify the main factors that influenced the formation of the concept of bilingual education, to create a theoretical model for the training of bilingual teachers; to identify the socio-cultural and socio-linguistic significance of this system. The main elements of this model are identified and their classification is carried out. The role of a prominent teacher and missionary N.I. Ilminsky in the formation of the concept of bilingual education of teachers of a new type is determined. A competence characteristic of a bilingual teacher is proposed, and the importance of this type of teacher in the development of primary education for the non-Russian population of the Eastern suburbs of Russia and in the formation of ethno-cultural processes in the region is revealed.

Dreams of a Boreal Empire, Nightmares of a Polar Vortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Schwoch
Keyword(s):  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Scientific Team

This chapter discusses the failed efforts of the government, military, and Western Union to build a telegraph route in the 1860s across Alaska, beneath the Bering Strait, and into Europe via the Russian Empire. One central theme is the role of Robert Kennicott and the Smithsonian Institution as a scientific team of natural historians participating in this expedition. The ambiguous corporate-military entanglements of expedition members raises questions about whether the expedition was also some sort of occupying force on the ground in Russian Alaska prior to the Alaska Purchase in 1867.

The Image of a Russian Writer in Magazine Caricatures of the Silver Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 342-356
Author(s):  
Elena S. Sonina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Printed Word

Due to the literary-centric nature of Russian culture and the performance of the functions of civil society by the printed word, the role of the writer in the history of Russian literature and journalism of the Russian Empire was traditionally high. Therefore, satirical graphics constantly turned to the image of the Russian writer. The study compares the methods of depicting writers in the 19th and early 20th centuries and isolates the traditions of referring to the literary past and present. Caricature in connection with new trends in literature showed writers in the role of heroes of low and elite cultures, “tramps” (bossjaki) and modernists.

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