EFFECT OF SOMATIC ANISAKIS SIMPLEX EXTRACT TO DEVELOPMENT CHICK EMBRYOS

Helminthes have embryotoxic and teratogenic effects to host’s cells and tissues.Investigations were carried out mainly on embryo and fetus in mammals.Blaszkowska, J. (1998); Kadlubowski R. (2000) conducted studies of in chickembryos. Dose-dependent effect is also studied and found that small doses causeembryotoxic effect, while higher doses - teratogenic. Anisakis simplex antigenshave also embryotoxic effect has been found. The aim of our research was toexamine the effect of A. simplex somatic antigen to the development of chickembryos in its experimental introduction in various ways and at different stages ofembryogenesis. For the study chicken embryos were used at different stages ofembryogenesis: 7.5, 10.5 and 12.5 days. Methods for introducing antigen chickenembryos: in the allantois cavity, on-chorion allantois membrane and yolk sac at 0.2ml. The autopsy was performed on embryos 2 and 8 days. The eggs and embryoswere weighed and evaluated the embryonic development. As a result of the firstexperience the greatest change observed by mass, and when administered in thedevelopment of antigen in both yolk sac on day 2 (1.68 ± 0.06, unlike control 2.25± 0.20), and at 8 days ( 9.97 ± 6.21 in the experiment versus 14.89 ± 0.78 in thecontrol), respectively. In the second experiment eggs were used at 1 and 5 dayincubation embryos. The antigen was administered in both cases also in the yolksac at a dose of 0.2 ml. In the second experiment there was a delay in thedevelopment of both cases at autopsy after 2 days in non-incubated eggs missingthe development of, unlike the control, the development of which 48 hourscorresponded; including 5 daily observed decrease in weight 0.88 ± 0.22, against1.05 ± 0.05 and 8 days in a similar way. As a result of experiments on the effect ofthe Anisakis simplex somatic antigen on the development of chick embryosembryotoxic action installed. Thus antigen has the greatest effect on developmentof early embryos and putting it into the yolk sac.

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Regulation of Thromboplastin Synthesis in Mouse Placental Cells In Vitro

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1665322 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 50 (04) ◽

pp. 831-834 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Knut Dalaker ◽

Hans Prydz

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Placental Cells ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Dose Dependent Effect ◽

Methyl Xanthine

SummaryMouse placental cells are probably constitutive producers of the thromboplastin apoprotein in vitro. The effect of cyclic AMP- elevating compounds on their expression of thromboplastin activity has been studied. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 20-1724 and the adenyl cyclase stimulator forskolin all decrease the synthesis of thromboplastin. Prostaglandin E2 and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor butyl-methyl-xanthine have a biphasic dose dependent effect. A stimulation was observed at low concentrations, whereas higher doses decreased the synthesis of thromboplastin. Adrenaline had no effect. Combination of two compounds, each at maximally inhibiting concentration gave no significant additive inhibitory effect, showing that they probably act via the same pathway.

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Assessment of dose-dependent effects of anxiolytics of benzodiazepine structure with diazepam as an example in Danio Rerio

Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy ◽

10.17816/rcf18143-49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Aleksandr S. Devyashin ◽

Aleksandra A. Blazhenko ◽

Viktor A. Lebedev ◽

Andrei A. Lebedev ◽

Eugenii R. Bychkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Danio Rerio ◽

Stress Test ◽

Dose Range ◽

Control Group ◽

The Novel ◽

Gaba A ◽

Small Doses ◽

Pharmacological Substance ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Dose Dependent Effect

Abstract. The effect of benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam in Danio rerio was investigated. Methods. A stress test on novelty situation was used: a fish was placed first in a beaker with a dissolved pharmacological substance (or water) and then into a novel tank for 6 min, where the trajectory, the path length, the number of movements to the upper part of the novel tank, the number and time of the pattern of freezing of the experiment were measured. Results. In response to the novelty of tank, the fish was shown to react by submerging to the bottom, increasing the freezing, and reducing the number of movements to the upper half of the novel tank. After diazepam exposure (administration), the fish was not only in the lower, but also in the upper part of the novel tank. A pharmacological analysis of diazepam effect in Danio rerio showed that in a certain dose range of 110 mg/l anxiolytic reduces (in comparison with the control group of fish) the number and time of freezing, increases the number of movements in the upper half of the tank and the swimming time in upper part of the tank. Diazepam causes a disinhibition of motor activity at doses of 1 and 5 mg/l, which may be explained by the effect of small doses of tranquilizers on presynaptic GABA-A autoreceptors. Diazepam 20 mg/l has a depriving effect. Conclusion. Diazepam acts in a higher dose range (110 mg/l) than phenazepam (0.11 mg/l) in Danio rerio. At the same time, diazepam is characterized by a domed dose-dependent effect, in contrast to the action of phenazepam. The prospect of using Danio rerio as an animal model in behavioral pharmacology is not inferior to studies in rodents.

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Efficacy of euphorbia hirta latex as plant derived molluscicides against freshwater snails

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652011000200008 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 101-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ram P. Yadav ◽

Ajay Singh

Keyword(s):

Toxic Effect ◽

Mixed Population ◽

Fish Populations ◽

Freshwater Snails ◽

Dependent Effect ◽

Euphorbia Hirta ◽

Indoplanorbis Exustus ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Dose Dependent Effect

The toxic effect of binary and tertiary combinations of Euphorbia hirta Linn latex powder with other plant molluscicidal compounds, were evaluated against the freshwater snails Lymnaea (Radix) acuminata and Indoplanorbis exustus in pond. These combinations showed significant time and dose dependent effect against both the snails. These compounds at higher doses were also lethal to freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) (Channidae {Ophicephalidae}), which shares the habitat with these snails, but the LC90 (24h) doses of snails have no apparent killing properties in fish populations when treated in mixed population of snails and fish.

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Effect of Caffeine at Different Concentrations on Behavior and Motor Activity in Mice

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.9734/jamps/2020/v22i330159 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Sakina S. Saadawi ◽

Khairi A. Alennabi ◽

Sumaya Baayo ◽

Amera Fares ◽

Najwa Alosta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Spontaneous Motor Activity ◽

Antidepressant Effect ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Dose Dependent Decrease ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Cns Depression ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Dose Dependent Effect

Aims: This article aimed to study the effect of different caffeine concentrations on behaviour and motor activity of mice. Place and Duration of Study: This study took place in Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, and was conducted between 2017 to 2018. Methodology: The experiment was carried out using 24 male mice (25-30 gm). Plus maze was used for screening antianxiety effect of caffeine. While swimming maze was used to test the antidepressant effect. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS (version 22), followed by one sample Kolmogorov-Simirnov test. One-Way ANOVA was applied to compare between groups and Post Hoc test (LSD). Results: At a dose of 100 mg/kg, caffeine produce significant decrease in the duration of immobility using forced swimming maze; while the lower (25 mg/kg) and the higher (200 mg/kg) doses did not produce any changes compared to the control. In plus maze, Caffeine decreases the anxiety measure at the dose used of 100 mg/kg; but did not change the anxiety measure when lower (25 mg/kg) or higher (200 mg/kg) doses used compared to the control. The spontaneous motor activity was decreased significantly after administration of the higher dose of 200 mg/kg; the lower dose (25 mg/kg) showed insignificant increase, while the dose of 100 mg/kg produce insignificant decrease in the spontaneous motor activity. Conclusion: Caffeine has dose dependent effect, in a dose 100 mg/kg it produce anxiolytic and antidepressant like action, while lower (25 mg/kg) and higher (200 mg/kg) doses did not show any changes. Caffeine also produce dose dependent decrease in the spontaneous motor activity, this indicate that caffeine produce CNS depression with higher doses.

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Effects of Low Doses of Caffeine on Aggressive Behavior of Male Rats

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3.941 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 941-946 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Josephine F. Wilson ◽

Nicole R. Nugent ◽

Jonathan E. Baltes ◽

Sayaka Tokunaga ◽

Tarik Canic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Male Rats ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Low Doses ◽

Double Blind ◽

Dependent Effect ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Dose Dependent Effect

To date, the effect of low doses of caffeine on aggression has not been systematically examined. Doses of caffeine greater than 30 mg/kg appear to reduce social interaction and aggression in all species studied. In a double blind study of the effects of low doses of caffeine on aggression, rats were housed four per cage, and aggressive behavior against an intruder was recorded during baseline and following administration of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg caffeine. Aggressive behavior was significantly increased following administration of the higher doses of caffeine. Doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg caffeine all were effective in increasing pushing behavior, whereas doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg were most effective in increasing boxing behavior, and a dose of 10 mg/kg was significantly more effective than other doses in increasing chasing and roll-tumble-bite behaviors. Based on these results and other published reports, the inverted-U shaped dose-dependent effect of caffeine on aggression appears to apply, with aggressive behavior being most elevated following doses of 5–20 mg/kg caffeine, less elevated following 2.5 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg, and significantly reduced with doses above 40 mg/kg and at doses below 2.5 mg/kg.

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Involvement of 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Platelet Aggregation In Vivo in Rats and Guinea Pigs

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646615 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 61 (03) ◽

pp. 463-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G M Smith

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Platelet Adhesion ◽

Adenosine Diphosphate ◽

Rate Of Return ◽

Low Doses ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Rat Platelets

SummaryIn this study, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) caused a dose- dependent fall in the circulating platelet count suggesting that 5-HT receptors are activated in rat platelets to cause platelet adhesion and aggregation. When low doses of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were simultaneously injected with 5-HT, there was a significant potentiation of the responses to ADR Ketanserin significantly reduced the potentiated responses. When higher doses of ADP were infused with bolus injections of 5-HT there was no potentiation and ketanserin did not reduce these responses. Ketanserin did not inhibit the collagen-induced fall in circulating platelet count, but did significantly increase the rate of return to the basal platelet count compared with control. 5-HT did not cause a fall in platelet count in guinea-pigs

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Outcome of Treatment of Deep-Vein Thrombosis with Urokinase: Relationship to Dosage, Duration of Therapy, Age of the Thrombus and Laboratory Changes

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661066 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 51 (02) ◽

pp. 236-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

A D’Angelo ◽

P M Mannucci

Keyword(s):

Degradation Products ◽

High Rate ◽

Bleeding Complications ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Duration Of Therapy ◽

Laboratory Changes ◽

Deep Vein ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Higher Doses

SummaryForty-one patients with phlebographically proven DVT of the popliteal, femoral or iliac veins were treated with different regimens of urokinase (UK) given by continuous intravenous infusion. The four groups were comparable with respect to localization, extension and estimated age of the thrombi. Another phlebographic picture was taken within 48 hr after the end of UK infusion. Substantial lysis had occurred in 2 of 10 patients treated with 1500 U/kg/h for 2 days, in 4 of 11 treated with 2500/U/kg/h for 3 days, in 2 of 10 treated with 2500 U/kg/h for 7 days and in 4 of 10 treated with 4000 U/kg/h for 4 days. Only thrombi younger than 8 days could be lysed, with 61% (8/13) rate of lysis for thrombi less than 5 days old. Bleeding complications were observed more frequently with the higher doses and longer durations of therapy. The four treatment regimens all induced dose-dependent changes in fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, plasminogen and antiplasmin. Neither pre- nor postinfusion values of these parameters could differentiate patients with lysis from those without lysis. It is concluded that UK can provoke a high rate of thrombolysis of DVT treated early after the appearance of symptoms but that there is no relationship between UK-induced modifications of fibrinolysis and the outcome of therapy.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Effect of intracoronary recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor on myocardial perfusion: evidence for a dose-dependent effect.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.13409105.14780124 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandro Chade

Keyword(s):

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Myocardial Perfusion ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Dependent Effect ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Dose Dependent Effect

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СОХРАНЕНИЕ ПРИВЕРЖЕННОСТИ К ТЕРАПИИ КАК ГАРАНТИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЛИТ

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/raj.2019.2.53329 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

K.S. Pavlova ◽

D.S. Mdinaradze

Keyword(s):

Allergic Diseases ◽

Atopic Asthma ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Methods Of Treatment ◽

Choice Of Therapy ◽

Dose Dependent Effect ◽

Reduced Adherence

По данным ВОЗ, рекомендации врача выполняют не более 50 пациентов. В конечном итоге это приводит к снижению или отсутствию эффекта от назначаемого лечения. В связи с этим во всех последних международных и национальных руководствах говорится о необходимости учета предпочтений пациента при выборе терапии. Аллерген-специфическая иммунотерапия (АСИТ) является одним из основных методов лечения аллергических заболеваний, таких как аллергический ринит, конъюнктивит и атопическая бронхиальная астма, обладает болезнь-модифицирующими свойствами и долгосрочным эффектом после окончания лечения. АСИТ относится к профилактическому и продолжительному методу (рекомендовано на протяжении не менее 3 лет), что часто является причиной снижения приверженности к терапии. В различных исследованиях подтвержден зависимый от дозы аллергена эффект АСИТ, а следовательно, изменение режимов или сокращение сроков терапии могут влиять на конечный результат. При недостаточной эффективности АСИТ необходимо в первую очередь рассматривать вероятность низкого комплаенса. Сублингвальная АСИТ (СЛИТ) требует от пациента высокой вовлеченности в процесс лечения. Задачей врача в данном случае становится повышение терапевтического сотрудничества как одного из важнейших факторов обеспечения эффективности СЛИТ. Основными способами в данном случае являются улучшение понимания пациентом цели терапии и регулярный контроль со стороны врача.According to WHO at last 50 of the patient dont follow doctors recommendations. Ultimately, this leads to a decrease or absence of the treatment effect. In this regard, all the latest international and national guidelines mention the need to take into account the patients preferences in the choice of therapy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is one of the main methods of treatment of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and atopic asthma, and has disease modifying properties and the long-term efficacy after stop treatment. AIT refers to a preventive and long-term method (recommended for at least 3 years), that is often the cause of reduced adherence to therapy. Various studies have confirmed the dose-dependent effect of AIT, and, consequently, changes in regimens or shortening of therapy may affect the end result. In case of insufficient effectiveness of AIT, the probability of low compliance should be considered first of all. Sublingual AIT (SLIT) requires the patient to be highly involved in the treatment process. The task of the doctor in this case is increasing therapeutic cooperation, as one of the most important factors to ensure the effectiveness of SLIT. The main methods in this case are to improve the patients understanding of the purpose of the therapy and regular monitoring by the doctor.

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