scholarly journals The roads of Pskov borderlands of the XVII centuries: from Pskov to Narva

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-77
Author(s):  
Maksim Yur'evich Kolpakov
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Trunk Road ◽  
History Of

This article traces the history of the development and operation of trunk road from Pskov through Gdov, to Ivangorod and Narva, which was actively used during the pre-Petrine era. This route can be viewed as one of the typical examples of the Pskov border road. Written and visual sources of the XVII century allow reconstructing the isolated sections of the road, estimating the quality of road surface and infrastructure, and characterizing everyday activities of the travelers. The texts of the report compiled by the Dutch envoy Albert Joachim (1616), schedule of routs from Pskov of 1656, “Notes about Russia” of Erich Palmquist (1674), and “Diary Notes” of the General von Allart (1700) served as the sources for this research. The travel from Pskov to Narva took traditional (long) route and two short roads. Travelers faced multiple difficulties common to the borderland roads – poor condition of road surface, lack of accommodation, absence of road signs, rough weather, threat to health and property. The maximum average travel speed on the known road was 61 verst (65.07 km) per day. The typical average speed of a summer trip was 30 verst (32 km) per day. From December to March, most commodities were transported between the cities by sledge. The road network of the Pskov borderlands was more adapted for winter trips.

INCREASE OF PROPUSKNOY SPOSOBNOSTI ROUTE M-3 IN THE BRYANSK REGION

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Липунов ◽  
K. Lipunov ◽  
Лемешева ◽  
E. Lemesheva ◽  
Тихомиров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
The State ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
The Road ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
Planned Activities

In this paper, an analysis of the road network and infrastructure of the Bryansk region on the example of the federal highway M-3 "Ukraine" (Kiev highway). The description of the state of road fabric, its length and the number of lanes. Transport-performance of the road network and bridges do not meet the stresses of modern heavy vehicles and traffic. The planned activities of the area is not considered raising technical category road. To improve the region´s economy and the country´s need to carry out the improvement of road infrastructure, taking into account the different methods that will reduce accidents on the roads, increase and accelerate the flow of goods through the region. It proposed a number of measures to enhance the capacity: to improve the quality of road surface with the transfer of the 1st category; adding overlapping areas; the creation of parking areas and service centers for freight transport, and installation of video cameras for control and monitoring of the road.

scholarly journals AUTOMATIC ROAD SIGN INVENTORY USING MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B3 ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Soilán ◽  
B. Riveiro ◽  
J. Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
P. Arias
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Maintenance Planning ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Road Sign ◽  
Mobile Mapping Systems ◽  
Mapping Systems

The periodic inspection of certain infrastructure features plays a key role for road network safety and preservation, and for developing optimal maintenance planning that minimize the life-cycle cost of the inspected features. Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) use laser scanner technology in order to collect dense and precise three-dimensional point clouds that gather both geometric and radiometric information of the road network. Furthermore, time-stamped RGB imagery that is synchronized with the MMS trajectory is also available. In this paper a methodology for the automatic detection and classification of road signs from point cloud and imagery data provided by a LYNX Mobile Mapper System is presented. First, road signs are detected in the point cloud. Subsequently, the inventory is enriched with geometrical and contextual data such as orientation or distance to the trajectory. Finally, semantic content is given to the detected road signs. As point cloud resolution is insufficient, RGB imagery is used projecting the 3D points in the corresponding images and analysing the RGB data within the bounding box defined by the projected points. The methodology was tested in urban and road environments in Spain, obtaining global recall results greater than 95%, and F-score greater than 90%. In this way, inventory data is obtained in a fast, reliable manner, and it can be applied to improve the maintenance planning of the road network, or to feed a Spatial Information System (SIS), thus, road sign information can be available to be used in a Smart City context.

Taxi Global Positioning System Data in Urban Road Network: A Methodology to Identify Key Road Clusters Based on Travel Speed–Traffic Volume Correlation

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110366
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Han Yang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Segments

Urban traffic congestion is one of the urban diseases that needs to be solved urgently. Research has already found that a few road segments can significantly influence the overall operation of the road network. Traditional congestion mitigation strategies mainly focus on the topological structure and the transport performance of each single key road segment. However, the propagation characteristics of congestion indicate that the interaction between road segments and the correlation between travel speed and traffic volume should also be considered. The definition is proposed for “key road cluster” as a group of road segments with strong correlation and spatial compactness. A methodology is proposed to identify key road clusters in the network and understand the operating characteristics of key road clusters. Considering the correlation between travel speed and traffic volume, a unidirectional-weighted correlation network is constructed. The community detection algorithm is applied to partition road segments into key road clusters. Three indexes are used to evaluate and describe the characteristic of these road clusters, including sensitivity, importance, and IS. A case study is carried out using taxi GPS data of Shanghai, China, from May 1 to 17, 2019. A total of 44 key road clusters are identified in the road network. According to their spatial distribution patterns, these key road clusters can be classified into three types—along with network skeletons, around transportation hubs, and near bridges. The methodology unveils the mechanism of congestion formation and propagation, which can offer significant support for traffic management.

Pedestrian network information extraction based on VGI

GEOMATICA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejing Xie ◽  
Guojian Ou
Keyword(s):  
Information Extraction ◽  
Road Network ◽  
New Method ◽  
Location Based Service ◽  
Network Information ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pedestrian Network ◽  
Gps Trajectories ◽  
Data Extracting

Pedestrian network information plays an important role in pedestrian location based service (LBS), and its completeness determines the quality of a pedestrian LBS. This study used volunteered data and BaiduMap to research how to extract pedestrian network information on the basis of pedestrian GPS trajectories. The method extracts human road information by three steps: cleaning track data, extracting the road network, and detecting and analysing the recognised pedestrian road facilities. Once the road network information is extracted, the information regarding road facilities can be obtained, e.g., pedestrian crossings, overpasses, and underground passages. This paper describes a new method for incrementally updating electronic maps.

Die Erhaltung von Bauwerken der Bundesfernstraßen in Deutschland / Maintenance of structures belonging to the national road network in Germany

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-358
Author(s):  
F. Standfuß
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Road Network ◽  
The State ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Road ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
National Road

Abstract First it is shown that maintenance of structures belonging to the national road network in Germany is neglected in an alarming way. It is obivous that the state of the road surface, of bridges and other structures is deteriorating in the old Länder in particular. In spite of that, politicians have not yet recognized the importance of this fact for the economy of an industrialized country. There exists a lack of medium range financial planing and provision of means. The elaboration of a management system for existing structures has only been started in 1997.

Effects of Sensor Errors on the Performance of Map Matching

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Chen ◽  
Zhilin Li ◽  
Meng Yu ◽  
Yongqi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Map Matching ◽  
The Road ◽  
Sensor Errors

Map matching has been widely applied in car navigation systems as an efficient method to display the location of vehicles on maps. Various map-matching algorithms have been proposed. Inevitably, the correctness of the map matching is closely related to the accuracy of positioning sensors, such as GPS or Dead Reckoning (DR), and the complexity of the road network and map, especially in urban areas where the GPS signal may be constantly blocked by buildings and the road network is complicated. The existing map matching algorithms cannot resolve the positioning problems under all circumstances. They sometimes give the wrong position estimates of the car on road; the result is called mismatching. In order to improve the quality of map matching, a deep understand of the accuracy of sensor errors on mismatching is important. This paper analyses various factors that may affect the quality of map matching based on extensive tests in Hong Kong. Suggestions to improve the success rate of map matching are also provided.

scholarly journals AN AUTOMATED GRASS-BASED PROCEDURE TO ASSESS THE GEOMETRICAL ACCURACY OF THE OPENSTREETMAP PARIS ROAD NETWORK

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B7 ◽  
pp. 919-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Brovelli ◽  
M. Minghini ◽  
M. E. Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Spatial Accuracy ◽  
Grass Gis ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Network Quality ◽  
Gis Software

OpenStreetMap (OSM) is the largest spatial database of the world. One of the most frequently occurring geospatial elements within this database is the road network, whose quality is crucial for applications such as routing and navigation. Several methods have been proposed for the assessment of OSM road network quality, however they are often tightly coupled to the characteristics of the authoritative dataset involved in the comparison. This makes it hard to replicate and extend these methods. This study relies on an automated procedure which was recently developed for comparing OSM with any road network dataset. It is based on three Python modules for the open source GRASS GIS software and provides measures of OSM road network spatial accuracy and completeness. Provided that the user is familiar with the authoritative dataset used, he can adjust the values of the parameters involved thanks to the flexibility of the procedure. The method is applied to assess the quality of the Paris OSM road network dataset through a comparison against the French official dataset provided by the French National Institute of Geographic and Forest Information (IGN). The results show that the Paris OSM road network has both a high completeness and spatial accuracy. It has a greater length than the IGN road network, and is found to be suitable for applications requiring spatial accuracies up to 5-6 m. Also, the results confirm the flexibility of the procedure for supporting users in carrying out their own comparisons between OSM and reference road datasets.

scholarly journals An Automatic Detection by Classification of Cracked Pixels or Noncracked Pixels in Road Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Khaddouj Taifi ◽  
Naima Taifi ◽  
Es-said Azougaghe ◽  
Said Safi
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transforms ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Road

Automatic detection and monitoring of the condition of cracks in the road surface are essential elements to ensure road safety and quality of service. A crack detection method based on wavelet transforms (2D-DWT) and Jerman enhancement filter is used. This paper presents different contributions corresponding to the three phases of the proposed system. The first phase presents the contrast enhancement technique to improve the quality of roads surface image. The second phase proposes an effective detection algorithm using discrete wavelet (2D-DWT) with “db8” and two-level sub-band decomposition. Finally, in the third phase, the Jerman enhancement filter is usually used with different parameters of the control response uniformity “ τ ” to enhance for cracks detection. The experimental results in this article provide very powerful results and the comparisons with five existing methods show the effectiveness of the proposed technique to validate the recognition of surface cracks.

scholarly journals R. Bukharaev’s poem “Prayer for the Cup” as a transcultural text

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 290-299
Author(s):  
Venera R. Amineva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Flow Transitions ◽  
Artistic Image ◽  
Homogeneous Culture ◽  
The Way

The characteristics of a new type of literary discourse having a feature of transculturality is given on the material of a poem “Prayer for the Cup” (1989–1991) a significant work by R. Bukharaev. A global, multicultural and international world is reconstructed in the poem, the existence of which is determined by the idea of transitivity — simultaneity and continuous flow, transitions from one into another: epochs, events, topos, languages. The hero of this world — is a lonely stranger, walking along the road of life, linearly opening the autonomous world of his “I”. the history of his spiritual travel correlates with the way of Christ full of suffering. The poem is full of historical and literary allusions and reminiscences from the world literary works, performing an identifying function. It is stated that identification performed by different elements of a literary text is carried out both “on the borders”, “in the interval” between different traditions, as well as “within the limits”, “inside” a homogeneous culture. Therefore, it is multiple, and meanwhile fundamentally incomplete, “split”, “fluid”, “intermediate”, “flickering”, probabilistically multiple, constantly questioning its status and revealing the growing plasticity of the subject, who is in the process of constantly recreating its own “I”. A new form of worldview, the product of which is a phenomenon of transcultural literature, is formed by synthesizing tendency. It functions within the artistic world of the poem and overcomes the boundaries between different types of culture and traditions, demonstrating the way new meanings overcome it, tolerant in their content and functions, can be appear from confrontation. An ability of an artistic image to endless mutual overflowing and transformations of meaning is a new quality of poetic language corresponding to the peculiarities of the transcultural type of artistic consciousness.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN UMUR RENCANA JALAN PADA TAHUN KE 3 TERHADAP PENURUNAN KINERJA JALAN

Teras Jurnal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Adzuha - Desmi
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Network ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Third ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Relationship

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p>Highway is a land transportation infrastructure that forms a transportation network to connect an area to other regions, so that the wheels of the economy and development can rotate well. This research was based on the road age of the third year of the road Krueng Geukueh - Beureughang, so the researchers wanted to know what factors were the causes of performance degradation on the road and the relationship between the decline in road performance on the material used. In this study includes 3 stages, namely, Core drill, Marshall Test testing and testing of Test Extracts that have been achieved using 8 (Eight) samples. So it can be concluded that there has been a decrease in asphalt levels on the road resulting in damage and decreased performance on the road. Coupled with increased charges within 3 (three) years, therefore repairs to the road are needed. From this research, it is expected to be able to provide input to improve the quality of the material and the layer of road surface pavement.</p><p> </p><strong><em>Keywords :   Decreasing Road Performance, Core Drill,  Marshall Test, Test Extract,  Asphalt Level.</em></strong>

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