scholarly journals Criminal investigation in Irkutsk province: the peculiarities of specialization of police structures in the late 19th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Sysoev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Organize Criminal ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Standard Organization ◽  
Illegal Activities

In the context of modern transformation of Russian statehood, attention to the problems of law enforcement activities improvement has strengthened. The problems of specialization of police structures have become of a key importance. It’s no coincidence that during the recent decade, the process of formation and development of criminal investigation has been actively studied. The topicality of the problem determines the object, subject and purpose of the research. The research object is the process of formation and development of criminal investigation service in Irkutsk province, the research subject is the implementation of this process in the work of Irkutsk police. The purpose of the research is to define the sense, tendencies, patterns and contradictions of this process. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the analysis of the process of formation of criminal investigation service in Irkutsk province. The specificity of organization of criminals detection in Irkutsk province was determined by the specificity of local law enforcement activity. To the extent possible, local administration was trying to carry out criminal investigation in the region using the standard organization of the police work. But such an organization was in contradiction with the requirements imposed on it. Police were not able to organize proper criminal investigation due to the variety of tasks they faced. It turned out to be impossible to organize criminal investigation by independent units in Irkutsk province. Experience proved that the system of financial support for criminal investigation of that time didn’t allow creating special investigative units. This factor determined the appearance of “private detectives” under the jurisdiction of Irkutsk police. However, the insufficient financial support resulted in the poor quality of investigative activity which usually erupted into illegal activities. Remarkably, the necessity to create organizational structures of criminal investigation was much more urgent than in other regions of the country, which is proved by persistent actions of the province administration.   

scholarly journals The Fine Line: Rural Justice, Public Health and Safety, and the Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422110031
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sherman ◽  
Jennifer Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Sheriff's Department ◽  
Public Health And Safety

In this article, we provide an early glimpse into how the issues of public health and safety played out in the rural United States during the coronavirus pandemic, focusing on Washington State. We utilize a combination of news articles and press releases, sheriff’s department Facebook posts, publicly available jail data, courtroom observations, in-depth interviews with those who have been held in rural jails, and interviews with rural law enforcement staff to explore this theme. As elected officials, rural sheriffs are beholden to populations that include many who are suspicious of science, liberal agendas, and anything that might threaten what they see as individual freedom. At the same time, they expect local law enforcement to employ punitive measures to control perceived criminal activity in their communities. These communities are often tightly knit, cohesive, and isolated, with high levels of social support both for community members and local leaders, including sheriffs and law enforcement. This complex social context often puts rural sheriffs and law enforcement officers in difficult positions. Given the multiple cross-pressures that rural justice systems faced in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, we explore the circumstances in which they attempted to protect and advocate for the health and safety of both their incarcerated and their nonincarcerated populations. We find that certain characteristics of rural communities both help and hinder local law enforcement in efforts to combat the virus, but these characteristics typically favor informal norms of social control to govern community health. Thus, rural sheriff’s departments repeatedly chose strategies that limited their abilities to protect populations from the disease, in favor of appearing tough on crime and supportive of personal liberty.

Racializing Crimmigration

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amada Armenta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Jail ◽  
Colorblind Ideology ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Local Law

Deporting “criminal aliens” has become the highest priority in American immigration enforcement. Today, most deportations are achieved through the “crimmigration” system, a term that describes the convergence of the criminal justice and immigration enforcement systems. Emerging research argues that U.S. immigration enforcement is a “racial project” that subordinates and racializes Latino residents in the United States. This article examines the role of local law enforcement agencies in the racialization process by focusing on the techniques and logics that drive law enforcement practices across two agencies, I argue that local law enforcement agents racialize Latinos by punishing illegality through their daily, and sometimes mundane, practices. Investigatory traffic stops put Latinos at disproportionate risk of arrest and citation, and processing at the local jail subjects unauthorized immigrants to deportation. Although a variety of local actors sustain the deportation system, most do not see themselves as active participants in immigrant removal and they explain their behavior through a colorblind ideology. This colorblind ideology obscures and naturalizes how organizational practices and laws converge to systematically criminalize and punish Latinos in the United States.

Assessing law enforcement websites: a comparative analysis exploring types, quantity and quality of information available

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Hansen ◽  
John C. Navarro ◽  
Sierra A. Malvitz
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Law

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the availability of information on law enforcement websites in the state of Wisconsin.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducted a content analysis of all 179 county and municipal local law enforcement agency websites within Wisconsin. The authors then implemented a comparative analysis that explored whether the quantity and quality of information available on law enforcement websites are similar to those of local governments and school districts. The authors then estimated models to test whether there is a relationship between the population size served and gender distribution of law enforcement departments to the availability of information on law enforcement websites.FindingsLaw enforcement websites contain a noticeable lack of information. The finding is even more apparent when comparing law enforcement websites to the websites of local governments and school districts. Finally, the authors show a positive link between information sharing on law enforcement websites and the proportion of the civilian staff at an agency that are women.Originality/valuePast studies that reviewed the make-up of law enforcement websites analyzed large law enforcement departments rather than local law enforcement departments, which notably represent the majority of most law enforcement departments. The authors also explicitly demonstrate that the commitment to information sharing is lagging within law enforcement websites compared to local-level governments. Future scholarship and law enforcement departments may benefit from exploring the employment of female civilians.

scholarly journals Development of Profiling Methods for Contraband Firearm Volatile Odor Signatures

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Nettles ◽  
Cameron Ford ◽  
Paola A. Prada-Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Security ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Headspace Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Mass Shooting ◽  
And Performance

The early detection and location of firearm threats is critical to the success of any law enforcement operation to prevent a mass shooting event or illegal transport of weapons. Prevention tactics such as firearm detection canines have been at the front line of security tools to combat this national security threat. Firearm detection canines go through rigorous training regimens to achieve reliability in the detection of firearms as their target odor source. Currently, there is no scientific foundation as to the chemical odor signature emitted from the actual firearm device that could aid in increased and more efficient canine training and performance protocols or a better understanding of the chemistry of firearm-related odorants for better source identification. This study provides a novel method application of solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) as a rapid system for the evaluation of odor profiles from firearm devices (loaded and unloaded). Samples included magazines (n = 30) and firearms (n = 15) acquired from the local law enforcement shooting range. Headspace analysis depicted five frequently occurring compounds across sample matrices including aldehydes such as nonanal, decanal, octanal and hydrocarbons tetradecane and tridecane. Statistical analysis via principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted a preliminary clustering differentiating unloaded firearms from both loaded/unloaded magazines and loaded firearm devices. These results highlight potential odor signature differences associated with different firearm components. The understanding of key odorants above a firearm will have an impact on national security efforts, thereby enhancing training regimens to better prepare canine teams for current threats in our communities.

scholarly journals The Urgency of Regulatory Reform in Order to Support Indonesia’s National Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 418
Author(s):  
Wicipto Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Development ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Regulatory Issue ◽  
Reform Implementation

Poor regulation quality contributes negatively to the regulation and law enforcement in the life of the state. The indicator of the poor quality of regulation includes, among others, the large number of regulations requested for judicial review and effectiveness of the implementation of regulations. There are several regulatory issues in Indonesia today, including the existence of multiple interpretations; potential conflict; overlap, principle mismatch, weak implementation effectiveness, not harmonious/out of sync; inconsistent; create unnecessary burdens, both on the target group and the affected groups. Base on these regulatory conditions, regulatory reform is very important and urgent. Given this very basic regulatory issue, it is necessary to make improvements in the regulatory field from upstream to downstream which leads to quality, orderly and simple regulations known as regulatory reform. The purpose of the study is to examine regulatory reform in order to support Indonesia's national development. research is done by doing literature research, or commonly known as the literature study. The Study shows that in order for a regulation to be good, it must fulfill several principles, namely: good norm, good process, and good drafting. Regulatory reform implementation is carried out through a) simplification of existing regulations; b) reconceptualization of the procedures for establishing regulations; c) institutional restructuring of regulation formation; and d) strengthening/empowering human resources with integrity. Good quality of democratic political dimension and progressive legal quality are needed to improve the quality of regulation

Commentary the U.S. Military in Iraq: Are We Our Own Worst Enemy?

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Christopher Varhola
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Chain Of Command ◽  
Local Law ◽  
Economic Considerations

Peacekeeping, even more than civil administration, requires significant adjustments by a military force. Although military forces have certain advantages, such as a centralized chain of command and a flexible decision-making apparatus, they also have certain disadvantages, including the focus on combat operations, sometimes to the exclusion of an understanding of indigenous power structures and socio-economic considerations. In Iraq, this was magnified by the military's lack of training in both the Arabic language and support activities, such as local law enforcement, government administration, and post-conflict reconstruction tasks ranging from maintenance of irrigation systems to the rebuilding of factories.

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