scholarly journals Profile of the Portuguese male university rugby sevens championship

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Diogo Silva ◽  
Antonio Cruz-Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Alberto Fontes Ribeiro ◽  
Luiz Miguel Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
The World ◽  
Training Habits ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Rugby Sevens is one of the fastest growing sports in the world, especially the sevens variant after its inclusion in the Summer Olympics’ programme. The Portuguese University Sevens Championship is an amateur tournament that takes place every year. Objectives: To gather a set of relevant data regarding the profile of the Portuguese university rugby sevens’ players, as well as the epidemiology of injuries at this level of competition. Methodology: Firstly, an observational study was conducted to collect data regarding each player anthropometry, individual experience, training habits and warm-up routines. Secondly, a prospective cohort study including all participating athletes was conducted, to identify and describe all injuries occurring during the competition. A follow-up period until the return to sport from all injured players was conducted. Results: A total of 87 players from 8 teams competed in the tournament. On average, athlete’s heighted 178.6 cm (± 6.65) and weighted 83.34 kg (± 11.22). Total match exposure was 53.67 player match-hours and the injury incidence rate was 186.2 per 1000 player match-hours (94.7-332.4, CI 95%). Average severity was 26.6 days (± 6.23). Most injuries occurred on the second half (n=6), following contact events with the opponent (n=8). Lower limb (n=6) and joint/ligament (n=7) injuries were the most frequent. Discussion: The overall injury incidence rate was higher than any previously reported in the literature. Insufficient training and warm-up routines of the injured players strengthens the idea that these are key elements in injury prevention. The small sample limits the results' statistical significance. Conclusions: Similar but larger studies must be conducted to gain better knowledge of the individual profile of the Portuguese university rugby player and the burden of injuries at this level of competition.

scholarly journals Profile of the Portuguese male university rugby sevens championship

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Diogo Silva ◽  
Antonio Cruz-Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Alberto Fontes Ribeiro ◽  
Luiz Miguel Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
The World ◽  
Training Habits ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Rugby Sevens is one of the fastest growing sports in the world, especially the sevens variant after its inclusion in the Summer Olympics’ programme. The Portuguese University Sevens Championship is an amateur tournament that takes place every year. Objectives: To gather a set of relevant data regarding the profile of the Portuguese university rugby sevens’ players, as well as the epidemiology of injuries at this level of competition. Methodology: Firstly, an observational study was conducted to collect data regarding each player anthropometry, individual experience, training habits and warm-up routines. Secondly, a prospective cohort study including all participating athletes was conducted, to identify and describe all injuries occurring during the competition. A follow-up period until the return to sport from all injured players was conducted. Results: A total of 87 players from 8 teams competed in the tournament. On average, athlete’s heighted 178.6 cm (± 6.65) and weighted 83.34 kg (± 11.22). Total match exposure was 53.67 player match-hours and the injury incidence rate was 186.2 per 1000 player match-hours (94.7-332.4, CI 95%). Average severity was 26.6 days (± 6.23). Most injuries occurred on the second half (n=6), following contact events with the opponent (n=8). Lower limb (n=6) and joint/ligament (n=7) injuries were the most frequent. Discussion: The overall injury incidence rate was higher than any previously reported in the literature. Insufficient training and warm-up routines of the injured players strengthens the idea that these are key elements in injury prevention. The small sample limits the results' statistical significance. Conclusions: Similar but larger studies must be conducted to gain better knowledge of the individual profile of the Portuguese university rugby player and the burden of injuries at this level of competition.

Stability in Waking-Sleep States in Neonates as a Predictor of Long-Term Neurologic Outcome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Cesare T. Lombroso ◽  
Yoichi Matsumiya
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Waking And Sleep ◽  
Total Observation Time ◽  
Total Observation ◽  
The Individual

Thirty-three full-term neonates were ranked blindly on a scale ranging from the least to the highest "risk" for future neurologic complications on the basis of available perinatal biographies, tests, and examinations performed during the newborn period. Four prolonged polygraphic-behavioral recordings were obtained one week apart beginning at ten days after birth. Five waking and sleep states were scored in each session as percentages of total observation time, giving a total of 20 scores for each baby to be subjected to analysis of variance. These measures also provided individual profile consistency or variability in maintaining waking-sleep states over the selected period of postnatal time. The whole cohort, except three infants who could not be followed adequately, was then reexamined periodically over a period ranging from 3 to 4 years (±6 months) for neurologic and developmental assessments. Except for two scores that produced a low level of statistical significance (P < .05), the other 18 scores were found to be not associated with long-term outcomes. Even the first two scores were not satisfactory discriminators for the outcome of the individual babies. However, when coefficients of concordance (W) were computed from each individual baby profile, significant statistics (P < .001) emerged to indicate good correlations between high or low W values in the newborn period and long-term outcomes. All 17 newborns who had W scores greater than 0.9 were found to be normal at follow-up regardless of the poor ranking given several of them during the newborn period. Among the 13 newborns who had W scores less than 0.9, 11 had a poor clinical outcome at follow-up, though several had been ranked initially as falling within the least "risk" group.

Assessment of the relationship between territorial loyalty and emotional burning: results of a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V Volkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Emotional Burnout ◽  
The Relationship

The article introduces a new term in Russian science — territorial loyalty, which is a specific perceptual-behavioral phenomenon. The definition of this term is given, the relevance of the study, due to the existing research contradictions identified by the author, is substantiated, and an analogy with another loyalty type — organizational — is drawn. A comparison of organizational and territorial loyalty with reliance on the empirical research results leads to the idea of another perceptualbehavioral phenomenon — emotional burnout, the formation of which the individual affects its loyalty — organizational or territorial. The article gives a brief description of the author’s research tools pilot version for assessing the territorial loyalty, and also describes the questionnaire, which is one of the most Russian famous tools for studying emotional burnout. A pilot study of the relationship between emotional burnout and territorial loyalty was conducted on a small sample included 15 respondents (educational system employees and university students), in connection with which a quantitative data analysis was carried out using non-parametric methods. As a result, with a high level of statistical significance, it was found that the severity of territorial loyalty of non-burnt respondents is lower than the severity of this phenomenon in individuals characterized by an average, high or critical emotional burnout level, that is, the existence of a relationship between emotional burnout and territorial loyalty is confirmed. In addition, further research areas have been outlined: for example, the question remains as to which of the considered indicators is a predictor and which is a dependent variable

scholarly journals The Visualization as a Way of Involvement in TV Commercials

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Larisa N Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Symbolic Consumption ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
New Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Tv Commercials ◽  
The Individual

The problem of visualization characteristic of TV and street advertising, is utterly relevant, as the follow-up of cultural and artistic origins of any new information technology helps to present potential of the creative perception of social reality historically engendering both forms of art and their artistic palette. Visualization of goods, that is demonstration them to its customers is the first phase of the exchange, and it is only foreshadowed advertising. When production becomes ponderous, information about goods should become regular, inclusive, and possibly aggressive. A wide-scale consumer boasts of increase of the number of social needs. In the course of time exhortations system has complicated to a larger extent, and their form become more diverse. Nowadays exhortation exists as a potential conclusion after reading the text. The advertising message may consist of a simple statement of some information about the offer: but it may also show. Demonstration can promote a positive attitude to the product. The heyday of this practice we can see on TV. Due to power of its pictorial capacities it shows the world in all its beauty. It just shows the power of using the product demonstration process. And most importantly - since the image might be hiding, or it reflects the pattern of life, - even a whole philosophy of life. This is the model of any symbolization - from details to the total, from the individual to the whole universe. TV used this mechanism in such mode of advertising as the celebrities marketing. The figure of the hero is symbolic, consumption becomes synonymous with success, achievement. Sometimes visualization of ideas have problems with limits symbolization (the example of the TVC Daisy). This problem becomes more urgent nowadays because the marketing communications based on unfounded statements do not work anymore. The strength of the latter particularly manifested itself under the crisis.

scholarly journals Time to Relapse and Its Predictors among Children with Nephrotic Syndrome in Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Miliete Gebrehiwot ◽  
Mekuria Kassa ◽  
Haftom Gebrehiwot ◽  
Migbar Sibhat
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Initial Diagnosis ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Relapse Time

Background. Relapse in children with nephrotic syndrome leads to a variety of complications due to prolonged treatment and potential dependency on steroids. However, there is no study conducted to determine the incidence and predictive factors of relapse for nephrotic syndrome in Ethiopia, especially in children. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence of relapse and its predictors among children with nephrotic syndrome in Ethiopia. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing all charts of children with an initial diagnosis of the nephrotic syndrome in tertiary hospitals from 2011 to 2018. Charts of children with a diagnosis of steroid-resistant cases were excluded. The extraction tool was used for data collection, Epi-data manager V-4.4.2 for data entry, and Stata V-14 for cleaning and analysis. Kaplan-Meier curve, log-rank test, life table, and crude hazard ratios were used to describe the data and adjusted hazard ratios with 95% CI and P value for analysis. Median relapse time, incidence rate of relapse, and cumulative relapse probabilities at a certain time interval were computed. Bivariable and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression to identify the factors associated with relapse. Any variable at P < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis was transferred to multivariate analysis. Then, the adjusted hazard ratio with 95% CI and P ≤ 0.05 was used to report the association and to test the statistical significance, respectively. Finally, texts, tables, and graphs were used to present the results. Results and Conclusion. Majority, 64.5% (40/66), of relapses were recorded in the first 12 months of follow-up. The incidence rate of relapse was 42.6 per 1000 child-month-observations with an overall 1454 child-month-observations and the median relapse time of 16 months. Having undernutrition [ AHR = 3.44 ; 95% CI 1.78-6.65], elevated triglyceride [ AHR = 3.37 ; 95% CI 1.04-10.90], decreased serum albumin level [ AHR = 3.51 ; 95% CI 1.81-6.80], and rural residence [ AHR = 4.00 ; 95% CI 1.49-10.76] increased the hazard of relapse. Conclusion and Recommendation. Relapse was higher in the first year of the follow-up period. Undernutrition, hypoalbuminemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and being from rural areas were independent predictors of relapse. A focused evaluation of those predictors during the initial diagnosis of the disease is compulsory.

scholarly journals A randomized controlled pilot study of a proprietary combination versus sunscreen in melasma maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Manas Chatterjee ◽  
Shekhar Neema ◽  
Gopalsing Rameshsing Rajput
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Triple Combination ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Three Phases

Background: Melasma is the commonest cause of facial hypermelanosis in skin type IV-VI. First-line treatment includes a triple combination containing topical corticosteroid and hydroquinone which have side effects on prolonged use. Chemical peels are a second-line management option with the laser being used in refractory cases, but the worsening of hyperpigmentation in darker skin types can occur following laser therapy. Sunscreen is a must to prevent relapses. Aims and Objectives: (i) To compare the effects of treatment with a proprietary combination (phenyl ethyl resorcinol, nonapeptide-1, aminoethyl phosphinic acid, antioxidants and sunscreen) versus sunscreen alone in limiting or reducing, melasma and preventing recurrence as a maintenance regimen after the initial use of triple combination,(ii) to evaluate the safety of the formulation studied, and (iii) to study the improvement of the quality of life of the patients after using the study formulation versus placebo. Methods: It was a prospective double-blinded parallel-group randomized controlled pilot study. A total of 46 subjects were recruited by consecutive sampling methods and randomized to 23 each in case and control groups. The study period was eight months with three phases. Phase 1 constituted the application of triple combination for eight weeks by both groups followed by phase 2 with the case group applying proprietary medicine and the control group applying sunscreen. Phase 3 was a follow-up period to see the sustenance of results in both groups as well as any evidence of relapses. Sunscreen was applied in all three phases. Results: Case group in the study showed improvement in the melasma severity score and mean melanin index as measured by mexameter but it did not attain statistical significance as compared to the control group. The melasma area and severity index score showed a consistent reduction in the case group, whereas it increased in the control group from baseline. Limitations: Small sample size and a short follow-up period of our study were major limitations. Conclusion: The proprietary combination, which has sunscreen as one of its constituents, is more effective in maintaining remission after triple combination without any added inconvenience of application of two separate preparations as compared to sunscreen alone.

scholarly journals Incidence of Injury Among Male Brazilian Jiujitsu Fighters at the World Jiu-Jitsu No-Gi Championship 2009

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan M. Kreiswirth ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
Mitchell J. Rauh
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Joint Injury ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Rate Ratios

Context: Brazilian jiujitsu is a modern combat martial art that uses joint locks to submit an opponent and achieve victory. This form of martial art is a relatively young but rapidly growing combat sport worldwide. Objective: To determine the cumulative injury incidence and risk of injury by belt rank and body region at an international-level Brazilian jiujitsu tournament. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: World Jiu-Jitsu No-Gi Championship 2009 in Long Beach, California. Patients or Other Participants: We monitored 951 athletes (age range, 18–50 years) enrolled to compete in the World Jiu-Jitsu No-Gi Championship 2009. Intervention(s): Fighters were categorized by belt level for group comparisons (belt experience). Incidence rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and incidence rate ratios were compared by belt rank. Main Outcome Measure(s): Incidence rates and incidence rate ratios. Results: During the tournament, 1606 AEs and 62 total injuries were reported. Of these injuries, 40 affected the joints, for an overall incidence rate of 24.9 per 1000 AEs. The joint incidence rate by belt rank was 21.5 per 1000 AEs for blue, 21.3 per 1000 AEs for purple, 25.2 per 1000 AEs for brown, and 35.1 per 1000 AEs for black. We found no differences for incidence rate ratios of joint injury among individual belt groups (P &gt; .05). More experienced (brown belt and black belt) competitors had a higher injury risk than the less experienced (blue belt and purple belt) competitors; however, the difference was not significant (incidence rate ratio = 1.65, 95% confidence interval = 0.9, 2.9; P = .06). The incidence of joint injury was highest at the knee (7.5 per 1000 AEs) and elbow (7.5 per 1000 AEs). Conclusions: The data from this international Brazilian jiujitsu tournament indicated that the risk of joint injury was similar among belt ranks or experience during this Brazilian jiujitsu competition. The knee and elbow were the joints most susceptible to injury. Future investigation of injury mechanism is warranted to develop strategies to reduce potential risk factors attributed to injury.

A follow-up study on three caries activity tests

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizhen Shi ◽  
Qing Deng ◽  
Yoshihiro Hayashi ◽  
Masashi Yakushiji ◽  
Yukio Machida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Strip Test ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Oral Condition

The purpose of this research was to study the efficacy of three CAT's (Dentocult SM, Dentocult LB and Dentobuff Strip) in revealing caries condition and predicting caries progress, and provide a reference for application by comparing the three tests. Oral condition and results of the three CAT's of 82 children aged 3 to 4 were recorded and followed up. The examination was checked again two years later. The caries incidence, dft and CSI data from the two examinations were analyzed statistically.The results were that each Dentocult SM degree showed significant variances in incidence rate, as did the dft and CSI results in the second examination. The dft and CSI of both examinations exhibited a high degree of statistical significance. The same may be said of the Dentocult LB findings for the two years. No noticeable variances in caries incidence rate, dft and CSI from the Dentobuff Strip test were observed in both years' study, nor was there any statistical significance drawn from the findings, except for those of the second exam. No gender differences were observed in the distribution by degree with the three CATs. The conclusion is that Dentocult SM is the best of the three tests for the diagnosis of the presence of caries and prognosis of its progress, Dentocult LB is second best, whereas the Dentobuff Strip shows no detection capability. The findings serve as an application reference.

scholarly journals A phone in a basket looks like a knife in a cup: The perception of abstract relations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Hafri ◽  
Michael F. Bonner ◽  
Barbara Landau ◽  
Chaz Firestone
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Target Image ◽  
Relational Properties ◽  
Single Target ◽  
The World ◽  
Dynamic Relations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

The world contains not only objects and features, but also relations between them. When a piece of fruit is in a bowl, and the bowl is on a table, we appreciate not only the individual objects and their features, but also the relations containment and support, which abstract away from the particular objects involved. How does the mind represent relations themselves, separately from the objects participating in them? Though abstraction of this sort is frequently studied within the domains of language and higher-level reasoning, here we show that abstract relations may also arise in automatic visual processing, by exploring a surprising perceptual “error” that such relations can produce. In four experiments, participants saw a stream of images containing different objects arranged in force- dynamic relations — e.g., a phone contained inside a basket, a marker resting on a garbage can, or a knife sitting inside a cup. Participants’ task was to respond to a single target image (e.g., phone-in- basket) within the stream of distractors. Surprisingly, even though participants completed this task quickly and accurately, they false-alarmed more often to images that matched the target’s relational category than to those that did not — even when such images involved completely different objects. In other words, when participants were searching for a phone in a basket, they were more likely to mistakenly respond to a knife in a cup than to a marker on a garbage can. Follow-up experiments using this “image confusion” paradigm ruled out strategic responding, and also controlled for various image features that may have been confounded with these relations. We suggest that relational properties are automatically extracted by the mind, and in ways that are abstract: We see relations themselves, beyond the identities of the objects participating in them.

Comparison of Performance of Various Machine Learning Classification Techniques With Ensemble Classifiers for Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-270
Author(s):  
Noopur Goel
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Ensemble Classifiers ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Better Than

Chronic kidney disease has become a very prevalent problem worldwide and almost 10% of the population is suffering and millions of people are dying every year because of chronic kidney disease. Numerous machine learning and data mining techniques are applied by many researchers round the world to diagnose the presence of chronic kidney disease, so that the patients of chronic kidney disease may get benefitted in terms of getting proper healthcare follow-up. In this chapter, Experiment 1 is conducted by implementing five different classifiers on the original chronic kidney disease dataset. In Experiment 2, two different ensemble classifiers are implemented combining all five individual classifiers. The Results of both the Experiments 1 and 2 are compared, and it is observed that the accuracy of ensemble classifiers is far better than the accuracy of individual classifiers. It may be concluded that the two experiments conducted in the chapter show the performance of ensemble classifiers is better than the individual classifiers.

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