scholarly journals Seven years of experimental warming and nutrient addition causes decline of bryophytes and lichens in alpine meadow and heath communities

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha M Alatalo ◽  
Annika K Jägerbrand ◽  
Ulf Molau
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Heath Community ◽  
Species Specific

Global change is predicted to have large and rapid impact on polar and alpine regions. Bryophytes and lichens increase their importance in terms of biomass, carbon/nutrient cycling, cover and ecosystem functioning at higher latitudes/altitudes. Here we report from a seven year factorial experiment with nutrient addition and warming on the abundance of bryophytes and lichens in an alpine meadow and heath community. Treatments had significant negative effect on relative change of total abundance bryophytes and lichens, the largest decline to the nutrient addition and the combined nutrient addition and warming treatments, bryophytes decreasing most in the meadow, lichens most in the heath. Nutrient addition, and the combined nutrient addition and warming brought rapid decrease in both bryophytes and lichens, while warming had a delayed negative impact. Of sixteen species that were included the statistical analyses, we found significant negative effects on seven species. We show that impact of simulated global change on bryophytes and lichens differ in in time and magnitude among treatments and plant communities. Our results underscore the importance of longer-term studies to improve the quality of climate change models, as short-term studies are poor predictors of longer-term responses of bryophytes and lichens, similar to what have been shown for vascular plants. Species-specific responses may differ in time, and this will likely cause changes in the dominance structures of bryophytes and lichens over time.

scholarly journals Seven years of experimental warming and nutrient addition causes decline of bryophytes and lichens in alpine meadow and heath communities

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha M Alatalo ◽  
Annika K Jägerbrand ◽  
Ulf Molau
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Heath Community ◽  
Species Specific

Global change is predicted to have large and rapid impact on polar and alpine regions. Bryophytes and lichens increase their importance in terms of biomass, carbon/nutrient cycling, cover and ecosystem functioning at higher latitudes/altitudes. Here we report from a seven year factorial experiment with nutrient addition and warming on the abundance of bryophytes and lichens in an alpine meadow and heath community. Treatments had significant negative effect on relative change of total abundance bryophytes and lichens, the largest decline to the nutrient addition and the combined nutrient addition and warming treatments, bryophytes decreasing most in the meadow, lichens most in the heath. Nutrient addition, and the combined nutrient addition and warming brought rapid decrease in both bryophytes and lichens, while warming had a delayed negative impact. Of sixteen species that were included the statistical analyses, we found significant negative effects on seven species. We show that impact of simulated global change on bryophytes and lichens differ in in time and magnitude among treatments and plant communities. Our results underscore the importance of longer-term studies to improve the quality of climate change models, as short-term studies are poor predictors of longer-term responses of bryophytes and lichens, similar to what have been shown for vascular plants. Species-specific responses may differ in time, and this will likely cause changes in the dominance structures of bryophytes and lichens over time.

scholarly journals Seven years of experimental warming and nutrient addition causes decline of bryophytes and lichens in alpine meadow and heath communities

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha M Alatalo ◽  
Annika K Jägerbrand ◽  
Ulf Molau
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Heath Community ◽  
Species Specific

Global change is predicted to have large and rapid impact on polar and alpine regions. Bryophytes and lichens increase their importance in terms of biomass, carbon/nutrient cycling, cover and ecosystem functioning at higher latitudes/altitudes. Here we report from a seven year factorial experiment with nutrient addition and warming on the abundance of bryophytes and lichens in an alpine meadow and heath community. Treatments had significant negative effect on relative change of total abundance bryophytes and lichens, the largest decline to the nutrient addition and the combined nutrient addition and warming treatments, bryophytes decreasing most in the meadow, lichens most in the heath. Nutrient addition, and the combined nutrient addition and warming brought rapid decrease in both bryophytes and lichens, while warming had a delayed negative impact. Of sixteen species that were included the statistical analyses, we found significant negative effects on seven species. We show that impact of simulated global change on bryophytes and lichens differ in time and magnitude among treatments and plant communities. Our results point out the importance of longer-term studies to improve the quality of climate change models, as short-term studies are poor predictors of longer-term responses of bryophytes and lichens, similar to what have been shown for vascular plants. Species-specific responses may differ in time, and this will likely cause changes in the dominance structures of bryophytes and lichens over time.

scholarly journals Designing for Packaging Sustainability. The Effects of Appearance and a Better Eco-Label on Consumers’ Evaluations and Choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3251-3260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Krah ◽  
Tea Todorovic ◽  
Lise Magnier
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
User Perspective ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Typical Appearance ◽  
Perceived Usability ◽  
Choice Intentions ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe environmental burden of packaging is huge. However, redesigning packaging to make it more sustainable without damaging its other functions is not always easy and can have a negative impact on consumers’ choice. In this paper, we adopt a user-perspective and test the effects of packaging appearance and a better eco-label on consumers’ responses. Based on the literature, we designed an eco- label using a traffic light system with an objective sustainability score enabling to compare the sustainability of different packages. The results of our experimental study (N=120) show that while a sustainable (vs. typical) appearance in packaging has a positive effect on perceived sustainability, it has a negative effect on perceived usability. However, we demonstrate that the presence of a high score on the eco-label positively impacts the perceived sustainability of both the sustainable and the typical packages and the choice intentions. This eco-label also enabled to mitigate the negative effects of the sustainable appearance on perceived usability. Designers and policy-makers can use the results of this paper to positively influence evaluations of and choice for sustainable packaging.

To the Problem of Minimizing the Volume of Mobile Dust in the Development of Pits

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
V.I. Golik ◽  
◽  
Z.A. Gashimova ◽  
M.Yu. Liskova ◽  
Ch.B. Kongar-Syuryun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Dust Formation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Living Organisms

Technogenic factors that have a negative effect on the environment and humans are analyzed. The integrated effect of negative impact on the environment aggravated by the number of factors is revealed. These factors include the following: gorges, river valleys and mountain landscapes. From the previously conducted studies it was concluded that the main source of negative effects on living organisms is the mineralized dust. The actual task of the study is determined, which consists in detailing the mechanisms and methods of the mineralized dust formation for improving the methods of minimizing its formation. Using the example of an open pit development of a dolomite deposit the relationship is established between the indicators of atmospheric dusting by the products of rock technological crushing and grinding. Dependence is established related to the dust emission intensity on the air flow velocity and dust concentration. It is proved that all the dust-like products formed as the result of mining and processing of the mineral raw materials have dimensions that allow them to move with the help of air masses. The results of the experiments on solving the problem of reducing dust by minimizing the output of mobile dust classes are presented (studies of the granulometric composition of rocks of various types with differentiation by type of the dust source, the mechanism of pollution using trapping screens and the development of directions for minimizing dusting of the atmosphere of the quarry and the surrounding area). The measures to reduce dust formation are proposed. The model for assessing the potential of environmental pollution by gas and dust products is developed. The proposed measures and the developed model will allow to minimize the effect of mining production on the environment of the region and the health of the workers of the mining enterprise and the residents of the region. The results obtained may be in demand when improving existing and developing new methods for improving occupational safety in the mining industry.

scholarly journals The Effects of Temperature, Light, and Feeding on the Physiology of Pocillopora damicornis, Stylophora pistillata, and Turbinaria reniformis Corals

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2048
Author(s):  
Kerri Dobson ◽  
Christine Ferrier-Pagès ◽  
Casey Saup ◽  
Andréa Grottoli
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Species Specific

Evidence has shown that individually feeding or reduced light can mitigate the negative effects of elevated temperature on coral physiology. We aimed to evaluate if simultaneous low light and feeding would mitigate, minimize, or exacerbate negative effects of elevated temperature on coral physiology and carbon budgets. Pocillopora damicornis, Stylophora pistillata, and Turbinaria reniformis were grown for 28 days under a fully factorial experiment including two seawater temperatures (ambient temperature of 25 °C, elevated temperature of 30 °C), two light levels (high light of 300 μmol photons m−2 s−1, low light of 150 μmol photons m−2 s−1), and either fed (Artemia nauplii) or unfed. Coral physiology was significantly affected by temperature in all species, but the way in which low light and feeding altered their physiological responses was species-specific. All three species photo-acclimated to low light by increasing chlorophyll a. Pocillopora damicornis required feeding to meet metabolic demand irrespective of temperature but was unable to maintain calcification under low light when fed. In T. reniformis, low light mitigated the negative effect of elevated temperature on total lipids, while feeding mitigated the negative effects of elevated temperature on metabolic demand. In S. pistillata, low light compounded the negative effects of elevated temperature on metabolic demand, while feeding minimized this negative effect but was not sufficient to provide 100% metabolic demand. Overall, low light and feeding did not act synergistically, nor additively, to mitigate the negative effects of elevated temperature on P. damicornis, S. pistillata, or T. reniformis. However, feeding alone was critical to the maintenance of metabolic demand at elevated temperature, suggesting that sufficient supply of heterotrophic food sources is likely essential for corals during thermal stress (bleaching) events.

scholarly journals Predicting potential impacts of ocean acidification on marine calcifiers from the Southern Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Figuerola ◽  
Alyce M. Hancock ◽  
Narissa Bax ◽  
Vonda Cummings ◽  
Rachel Downey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractUnderstanding the vulnerability of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification is a critical issue, especially in the Southern Ocean (SO), which is likely to be the one of the first, and most severely affected regions. Since the industrial revolution, ~30% of anthropogenic CO2 has been absorbed by the oceans. Seawater pH levels have already decreased by 0.1 and are predicted to decline by ~ 0.3 by the year 2100. This process, known as ocean acidification (OA), is shallowing the saturation horizon, which is the depth below which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolves, likely increasing the vulnerability of many marine calcifiers to dissolution. The negative impact of OA may be seen first in species depositing more soluble CaCO3 mineral phases such as aragonite and high-Mg calcite (HMC). These negative effects may become even exacerbated by increasing sea temperatures. Here we combine a review and a quantitative meta-analysis to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about skeletal mineralogy of major taxonomic groups of SO marine calcifiers and to make predictions about how OA might affect different taxa. We consider their geographic range, skeletal mineralogy, biological traits and potential strategies to overcome OA. The meta-analysis of studies investigating the effects of the OA on a range of biological responses such as shell state, development and growth rate shows response variation depending on mineralogical composition. Species-specific responses due to mineralogical composition suggest taxa with calcitic, aragonitic and HMC skeletons may be more vulnerable to the expected carbonate chemistry alterations, and low magnesium calcite (LMC) species may be mostly resilient. Environmental and biological control on the calcification process and/or Mg content in calcite, biological traits and physiological processes are also expected to influence species specific responses.

scholarly journals Negative Effects of a Multimodal Inpatient CBASP Program: Rate of Occurrence and Their Impact on Treatment Outcome in Chronic and Treatment-Resistant Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Herzog ◽  
Sophia Häusler ◽  
Claus Normann ◽  
Eva-Lotta Brakemeier
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chronic Depression ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Impact On Treatment

Background: A growing number of studies indicate that the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) is effective in treating chronic depression. However, there is no systematic research into possible negative effects. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to investigate the rate of occurrence of negative effects of an inpatient CBASP program and their impact on treatment response.Methods: Patients with chronic depression and treatment resistance who completed the 12-week multimodal inpatient CBASP treatment program in an open trial (N = 52) retrospectively completed the Inventory for the Assessment of Negative Effects of Psychotherapy (INEP) during follow-up data collection. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed self- and observer-rated at admission, discharge, and 6 months follow-up. Rates of occurrence of negative effects were calculated and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship to treatment outcome.Results: The results indicate that 92.3% of patients reported having experienced at least one negative effect and 45.2% indicated dependence on their therapist. Stigmatization and financial concerns as well as intrapersonal changes were reported by about one-third. Only dependence on the therapist negatively impacted treatment outcome in both outcome measures.Conclusions: While almost all patients reported at least one negative effect of a multimodal inpatient CBASP treatment program, most of the reported negative effects appear to be benign. However, dependence on the therapist seems to have a negative impact on treatment outcome. If these results can be replicated in future large-scale, randomized controlled prospective studies, CBASP therapists should be aware of possible dependence and consciously address it during treatment.

On the Negative Impact of Defects Liability Period

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6261-6267
Author(s):  
Yong Cai Gu ◽  
Wen Di Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Contract Management ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Construction Quality ◽  
Warranty Period ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Law ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Interim Measures

The "Interim Measures for Construction Quality Margin" gave the provisions on the terms of defect liability period. These provisions have serious negative effects on the construction contract management. This negative effect is manifested in two aspects: firstly, it is difficult for people to distinguish defects liability period, defects notification period in FIDIC contract, and the warranty period in the law. Second is to cause a heavier burden on the contractors. This paper analyzes both the negative impacts and causes.

scholarly journals UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN PADA REMAJA DI SMK PGRI 2 SURAKARTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Oktavina Permatasari ◽  
Aryanti Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Instant Foods

Abstrak Perkembangan zaman pada era globalisasi dapat memberikan pengaruh pada remaja. Salah satu permasalahan yang terjadi adalah pemilihan makanan karena remaja tidak lagi didasarkan pada kandungan gizi, tetapi lebih banyak sekedar sosialisasi dengan teman sebayanya, untuk kesenangan dan agar tidak kehilangan status. Konsumsi makanan instan yang berlebihan dan jangka waktu yang lama dapat menimbulkan penimbunan zat aditif yang terkandung dalam makanan instan pada tubuh mereka, hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan status gizi pada remaja cukup beragam. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut diperlukan adanya pendidikan kesehatan dan pemahaman tentang pola makan sehat dan dampak negatif yang bisa disebabkan jika konsumsi makanan instan secara berlebihan. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di SMK PGRI 2 Surakarta dimana di sekolah tersebut tidak menyediakan kantin sehat dan lokasi SMK yang strategis menyebabkan banyak penjual makanan instan maupun makanan yang kurang sehat di lingkungan sekolah, selain itu belum pernah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan terkait bahaya konsumsi makanan instan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dampak negatif konsumsi makanan instan dan membuat siswa mampu mengurangi konsumsi makanan instan berlebihan. Pre-test dan post-test dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman siswa mengenai dampak negatif dari konsumsi makanan instan berlebihan. Metode yang dilakukan adalah memberikan pendidikan kesehatan kepada siswa dengan metode ceramah dan pemberian leaflet untuk memudahkan siswa dalam memahami dampak negatif konsumsi makanan instan berlebihan. Hasil perhitungan rata-rata nilai pre-test adalah 62,5 dan setelah dilakukan pemaparan materi, rata-rata tingkat pemahaman meningkat menjadi 74,0 dengan selisih nilai pre-test dan post-test sebesar 11,50. Dapat disimpulkan pelaksanaan pendidikan kesehatan tentang dampak negatif konsumsi makanan instan berlebihan dapat menambah pengetahuan dan pemahaman siswa mengenai zat yang terkandung dalam makanan instan, dampak negatif konsumsi makanan instan berlebihan terhadap kesehatan, dan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran untuk mengurangi makanan instan. Abstract The era of globalization can influence adolescent, one problem that occurs is the selection of food because do not understand based on nutritional information but just socializing with their peers. Excessive instant foods consumption and long periods can cause the accumulation of additives contained in their bodies, which can cause nutritional status in adolescents is quite diverse. Based on these problems there is a need for health education and understanding of healthy food and the negative effect that can be caused if excessive consumption of instant foods. Education activities at SMK PGRI 2 Surakarta, because the school did not have a healthy canteen and strategic location caused many instant food sellers and unhealthy, there was never educated about the negative effect of instant food consumption. Therefore efforts should be made to increase knowledge of the negative effects of instant food consumption and make students able to reduce the consumption of excessive instant food. Pre-test and post-test were conducted to determine the level of student understanding of the negative effects of excessive instant food consumption. The method is health education explains, discussion, leaflets to facilitate students in understanding the negative effects of excessive instant food consumption. The results of the calculation of the average pre-test value were 62.5 and after health education increased to 74.0 with the difference between the pre-test and post-test values ​​of 11.50. It can be concluded that the implementation of health education about the negative effects of consumption of instant food can increase the knowledge about substances contained in instant food, the negative impact of excessive consumption of instant food on health, and can increase awareness to reduce instant food.

scholarly journals The Impact of Accommodation Taxes on Outbound Travel Demand from the United Kingdom to European Destinations

2020 ◽  
pp. 004728752090893
Author(s):  
Hedvig Heffer-Flaata ◽  
Augusto Voltes-Dorta ◽  
Pere Suau-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Despite the progressive introduction of accommodation taxes in many European cities, there is no consensus in the literature as to whether they have positive or negative effects. This may be related to the lack of estimates of the elasticity of visitor demand to accommodation taxes. To fill this gap, we carry out two panel-data regressions using a data set of airline travelers from UK cities to Spanish, French, and Italian destinations between 2012 and 2018. The results from the two-stage least squares regressions indicate that UK international travelers are indeed sensitive to hotel taxes. However, the impact of these taxes differs between peak and off-peak periods and across destination countries, with French destinations showing the most negative effect on visitor flows. The analysis of tax elasticities at a destination level also reveals the lack of a significant negative impact on visitor flows to major cities like Venice or Barcelona.

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