Transitioning the Edges of Multiple Text Worlds: A Cognitive Processing Path from Textuality to Texture in Hanya Yanagihara’s A Little Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-268
Author(s):  
Anna Bendrat
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Cognitive Poetics ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Main Protagonist ◽  
Socially Situated ◽  
Level 2

The paper is located in the field of cognitive poetics and its general aim is to explore cognitive processes underlying the idiosyncrasy of a reader’s narrative engagement on the level of texture. By introducing the notion of texture, Peter Stockwell (2009) added the third level of a reading experience, situated above a text (level 1) and textuality (level 2). While textuality present in text‘s stylistic patterns is the “outcome of the workings of shared cognitive mechanics, evident in texts and readings,” texture is defined as the “experienced quality of textuality” (Stockwell, Texture – A Cognitive Aesthetics of Reading 1). In other words, texture must involve a reader’s aestheticpositioning, but it also “requires aesthetics to be socially situated” (Stockwell 191; emphasis added). The paper focuses on Hanya Yanagihara’s novel A Little Life (2015) which has been selected due to its added complexity stemming from the fact that the chapters have alternating narrators. In the book a computational analysis is applied to the narratives of the three focalizers to trace and compare the positive and negative emotional valence of the texts with the use of R-environment software. It is argued that where intradiegetic perspectivizing entities (focalizers/narrators) are multiple, indicating and creating a mental representation of the main protagonist involves a particularly complex process. The protagonist’s ontological existence inside the narrative situation blends with the reader’s mental capacity for synthesis along the edges of the multiple narrative perspectivization.

The Magical Number Two, Plus or Minus One: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Musical Information

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ockelford
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Musical Structure ◽  
Magical Number ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Like all fields of human artistic endeavour, music is constrained by our cognitive processing requirements and limitations (Swain, 1986; Lerdahl, 1988; Huron, 2001). This articleconsiders particular forms of constraint pertaining to the relationships that the structure-seeking mind (subconsciously) fabricates between perceived musical events. It is proposed that 2±1 may be a universal limitation pertaining to the level of relationships so ideated. That is, in terms of Lewin'S (1987) theoretical framework in which “intervals” can be intuited between the “elements” of musical “spaces”, it is posited that the cognition of musical structure occurs either through intervals (level 1), through intervals between these (level 2), or — in some circumstances — through intervals between these(level 3). This proposition is explored through the psychomusicological model developed by Ockelford (1991, 1993, 1999), which too analyses musical structure in terms of the relationships that may be cognised between its discrete perceptual components. In particular, the model identifies a type of cognitive link through which events (at any level) arefelt to imply others the same or similar — through so-called “zygonic” relationships. This theory suggests a further general principle: that the highest level of relationship inoperation at any given point must be zygonic if the music is to be structurally coherent. Evidence for this, and for the limit on the level of relationships of 2±1, is offeredthrough a series of musical examples, which illustrate a variety of musical organisation in action. Finally, empirical work is suggested to explore further the theoretical ideas that arepresented here.

Verbal hallucinations and language production processes in schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph E. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
External Source ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
Verbal Imagery

AbstractHow is it that many schizophrenics identify certain instances of verbal imagery as hallucinatory? Most investigators have assumed that alterations in sensory features of imagery explain this. This approach, however, has not yielded a definitive picture of the nature of verbal hallucinations. An alternative perspective suggests itself if one allows the possibility that the nonself quality of hallucinations is inferred on the basis of the experience of unintendedness that accompanies imagery production. Information-processing models of “intentional” cognitive processes call for abstract planning representations that are linked to goals and beliefs. Unintended actions - and imagery - can reflect planning disruptions whereby cognitive products do not cohere with concurrent goals. A model of schizophrenic speech disorganization is presented that postulates a disturbance of discourse planning. Insofar as verbal imagery can be viewed as inwardly directed speech, a consequence of such planning disturbances could be the production of unintended imagery. This link between the outward disorganization of schizophrenic speech and unintended verbal imagery is statistically supported by comparing the speech behavior of hallucinating and nonhallucinating schizophrenics. Studies of “borderline” hallucinations during normal, “goal-less” relaxation and drowsiness suggest that experiential unintendedness leads to a nonpathological variant of hallucinatory otherness that is correctable upon emerging from such passive cognitive states. This contrasts with the schizophrenic case, where nonconcordance with cognitive goals reinforces the unintendedness of verbal images and sustains the conviction of an external source. This model compares favorably with earlier models of verbal hallucinations and provides further evidence for a language production disorder in many schizophrenics.Short Abstract: How is it that many schizophrenics identify certain instances of verbal imagery as hallucinatory? This paper proposes that the critical feature identifying hallucinations is the experience of unintendedness. This experience is nonpathological during passive conscious states but pathological if occurring during goal-directed cognitive processing. A model of schizophrenic speech disorganization is presented that postulates a disturbance of discourse planning that specifies communicative intentions. These alterations could generate unintended verbal imagery as well. Statistical data are offered to support the model, and relevant empirical studies are reviewed.

scholarly journals Literature Review on Fingerprint Level 1 and Level 2 Features Enhancement to Improve Quality of Image

2017 ◽  
pp. 8-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad K. ◽  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Recognition System ◽  
Fingerprint Recognition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Global Features ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The One ◽  
Level 2

Biometrics is the one most popular property in human distinguishing proof based on physical or behavioral features. The different physiological characteristics are Fingerprint, DNA, Face, hand, retina, ear features, and odor, where as behavioral characteristics or features are typing rhythm, gait, gesture, and voice with the basic premise that all are unique and all human beings are identified by these intrinsic traits. In the physiological traits, Fingerprint is most commonly utilized the biometric feature in diverse fields for identification and verification purpose. Fingerprint features can be separated into three noteworthy classifications in view of the granularity at which they are removed as level 1, level 2, and level 3 features. Level 1 feature contains macro details, which are easily extractable and include orientation filed, ridge frequency filed and pattern configuration. Only these global features or Level 1 features are not sufficient to uniquely identify or recognize, but if these features are used along with level 2 or level 3 features, that can make the fingerprint recognition system more robust and secure. Level1 features are used for image enhancement and orientation purpose. In this paper, we made a survey of existing literature on Level 1 features and try to analyze other researcher's contribution to this field.

scholarly journals Increased Knowledge about Floral Preservatives Influences Consumers’ Perception of the Quality and Value of a Floral Arrangement Purchase

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Morgan M. Jenkins ◽  
Kimberly A. Williams ◽  
Laura A. Brannon
Keyword(s):  
Generation Y ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Intent To Purchase ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Perception Of Quality ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Level 2

This research examines whether knowledge about floral preservatives increases consumers’ perception of quality, purchase intention, and price of a floral arrangement. A survey was administered to 222 participants at two locations in Manhattan, KS. Seventy-three percent of respondents fell within Generation Y (18 to 30 years old). The survey instrument presented four levels of presentation of a floral arrangement that were associated with increasing knowledge about the use of floral preservatives on consumers’ perceptions about the quality and price of that arrangement, as follows: Level 1 showed a photo of a floral arrangement without preservatives; Level 2 showed the same photo of a floral arrangement with a small, unlabeled packet of preservatives; Level 3 showed the same photo of a floral arrangement with a large, clearly labeled packet of preservatives; and Level 4 showed the same photos as Level 3 but was presented after a 191-word message describing the three functions of floral preservatives. Participants of the survey rated the quality of a floral arrangement higher from Level 2 (presence of floral preservatives not explicit) to Level 3 (presence of floral preservatives explicit) and from Level 3 to Level 4 (after reading a message about floral preservatives’ function and effectiveness). Their intent to purchase the floral arrangement generally increased with each level of presentation. Females indicated intention to purchase flowers more frequently than males. Participants increased the price that they were willing to pay for the floral arrangement at each level of presentation, starting at $25.46 at Level 1 (no floral preservatives use indicated) to $29.19 at Level 4. Participants were more knowledgeable about the benefits of floral preservatives and believed that floral preservatives increased the value of floral arrangements after reading a message describing their function and effectiveness more so than before reading a message. The younger the respondent, the more willing they were to pay more for floral arrangements with floral preservatives. As consumers become more aware of the use of floral preservatives and more knowledgeable about how and why they are effective, they attribute higher quality to floral arrangements with preservatives, they are willing to pay more for arrangements with preservatives, and their purchase intention frequency increases. Florists should always use preservatives in their processing and construction of fresh floral arrangements, consider providing a message about the function and effectiveness of floral preservatives to their customers, and then market their use of these materials.

scholarly journals Real-Time Lime-Storage Tracking Model in SteelMaking Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Vipul Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Kumar Gaurav ◽  
Umesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Jose Martin Korath ◽  
Manish Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Tracking Model ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

In Tata Steel Ltd.- India, the calcined lime produced in the Merz-kiln is stored in the respective bins for its further use in steel making at LD shops. The quality of lime controls the quality of steel, refractory life and productivity. It also helps in removing the impurities during the steel-making process. Longer and inefficient storage of calcined lime results into degradation of the lime quality due to air slaking and fines generation. To optimize the storage time, a model has been developed which tracks the live charging, storage and discharging of lime at each respective bin. The model further gives recommendations in the form of preferences for charging and discharging of the bins. Python has been used as a tool for the model development. By the integration of level 1 and level 2 automation, it has become easier to achieve this aim by using data from sensor devices. Level 1 sensors have been installed in each respective bin to get the information about the level of materials inside the bin. Further this crucial data is stored in level 2 automation system to use it in the model. Model’s result shows the live tracking of calcined-lime stored in the bins. It generates a logical layer of material inside the bin and provides the age (storage time in hours) of each layer. Based on the age of layers, model gives the preferences for charging and discharging of the bins. Eventually It provides a decision-making platform to the plant user based on preferences for better lime-storage management. The system developed also contains a HMI (Human-machine interface) where user can visualize the live tracking and preferences for each bin given by the model. The system also captures the action taken by the user based on model’s preferences. Ultimately, it optimizes the storage time and controls the lime quality inside the bin. Eventually, it also controls the degradation of lime quality due to long storage. The model has been validated quantitatively with the real-time data of processing plant captured by the level 1 sensors. The result shows that model is able to track the level of material inside the bin, age of each layer and its storage duration. The result also shows the name of preferred bins to be charged/discharged to optimize the storage duration. As per requirements, the calcined lime stored in the bins is drawn to use it in the steel-making process.

scholarly journals Listening Effort Informed Quality of Experience Evaluation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pheobe Wenyi Sun ◽  
Andrew Hines
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Impact

Perceived quality of experience for speech listening is influenced by cognitive processing and can affect a listener's comprehension, engagement and responsiveness. Quality of Experience (QoE) is a paradigm used within the media technology community to assess media quality by linking quantifiable media parameters to perceived quality. The established QoE framework provides a general definition of QoE, categories of possible quality influencing factors, and an identified QoE formation pathway. These assist researchers to implement experiments and to evaluate perceived quality for any applications. The QoE formation pathways in the current framework do not attempt to capture cognitive effort effects and the standard experimental assessments of QoE minimize the influence from cognitive processes. The impact of cognitive processes and how they can be captured within the QoE framework have not been systematically studied by the QoE research community. This article reviews research from the fields of audiology and cognitive science regarding how cognitive processes influence the quality of listening experience. The cognitive listening mechanism theories are compared with the QoE formation mechanism in terms of the quality contributing factors, experience formation pathways, and measures for experience. The review prompts a proposal to integrate mechanisms from audiology and cognitive science into the existing QoE framework in order to properly account for cognitive load in speech listening. The article concludes with a discussion regarding how an extended framework could facilitate measurement of QoE in broader and more realistic application scenarios where cognitive effort is a material consideration.

scholarly journals Comparison between the assimilation of IASI Level 2 retrievals and Level 1 radiances for ozone reanalyses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Emili ◽  
Brice Barret ◽  
Eric Le Flochmoën ◽  
Daniel Cariolle
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level 2

Abstract. The prior information used for Level 2 (L2) retrievals in the thermal infrared can influence the quality of the retrievals themselves and, therefore, their further assimilation in atmospheric composition models. In this study we evaluate the differences between assimilating L2 ozone profiles and Level 1 (L1) radiances from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). We minimized potential differences between the two approaches by employing the same radiative transfer code (RTTOV) and a very similar setup for both the L2 retrievals (1D-Var) and the L1 assimilation (3D-Var). We computed hourly 3D-Var reanalyses assimilating respectively L1 and L2 data in the chemical transport model MOCAGE and compared the resulting O3 fields among each other and against ozonesondes. We also evaluated the joint assimilation of limb measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on top of IASI to assess the impact of stratospheric O3 on tropospheric reanalyses. Results indicate that significant differences can arise between L2 and L1 assimilation, especially in regions where the L2 prior is biased (at the tropics and in the southern hemisphere in this study). L1 and L2 assimilation give instead very similar results in the northern hemisphere, especially when MLS measurements are used to constrain the stratospheric O3 column. We conclude this study by listing remaining issues that are common to both the L1 and L2 approaches and that deserve further research.

A phase I study investigating the safety and pharmacokinetics of highly bioavailable curcumin in cancer patients.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 290-290
Author(s):  
Masashi Kanai ◽  
Yoshihiko Otsuka ◽  
Kazunori Otsuka ◽  
Takafumi Nishimura ◽  
Yukiko Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

290 Background: Curcumin is a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa). Growing preclinical data suggests that curcumin could be a promising anticancer drug, however, poor bioavailability has been a challenging problem for its clinical application. To overcome this problem, a new form of curcumin (Theracurmin) was developed using a microparticle and surface-controlled drug delivery system. We evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of Theracurmin in combination with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in cancer patients. Methods: Pancreatic or biliary tract cancer patients who failed standard chemotherapy were eligible. Planned Theracurmin doses comprised Level 0: 100 mg/body/day; Level 1: 200 mg/body/day; and Level 2: 400 mg/body/day. Level 1 was selected as a starting dose, and daily oral Theracurmin was added to standard gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. In addition to plasma curcumin levels, quality of life (QOL) score scaled according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30), NF-κB activity, cytokine levels (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor–α), and efficacy were investigated. Results: We enrolled 16 patients between February 2011 and January 2012. Peak plasma curcumin levels (median) after Theracurmin administration were 324 ng/mL (range: 47–1,029) at Level 1 and 440 ng/mL (range: 179–1,380) at Level 2. These values were significantly higher than those in our previous data achieved using 8 g of conventional curcumin. Long systemic exposure to high concentrations of curcumin did not increase the incidence of adverse events. Interestingly, fatigue- and functioning-associated QOL scores significantly improved after Theracurmin administration (p< 0.01). Conclusions: Up to 400 mg/body/day of Theracurmin could safely increase plasma curcumin levels in cancer patients receiving gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: 000002950.

scholarly journals IT Governance Improvement at Communication and Information Office using COBIT 5

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1402-1408
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Business Objectives ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Government Institution ◽  
Capability Level

Application of information technology in government institution, including the departments where this case study was conducted, is an attempt to improve the transparency and quality of internal and external services. The employment of information technology aims to support the vision, mission and goals of the organization with good governance. Good governance management requires an audit to determine if the organization's performance is in accordance with the designated goals, vision and mission. The audit procedure performed by COBIT 5 which starts with identifying the work indicators listed in the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RMDP), identification of business objectives, identification of IT objectives, IT processes, data collection through questionnaires. Results of audit, showed that the capability level of five IT processes were within low value level, namely APO04 at level 1, APO07 at level 1, BAI01 at level 2, APO08 at level 2, and EDM05 at level 1. These results were indicating a presence of GAPs between expected organizational achievements and the current situation. By employing several best practice standards, this audit established several recommendations to improve maturity level including alignment between business objectives and IT objectives as well as IT processes.

scholarly journals Improving Quality of PVC Pipes Using Taguchi Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 22004
Author(s):  
Farida Ariani ◽  
Khawarita Siregar ◽  
Khalida Syahputri ◽  
Indah Rizkya
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Industrial Manufacture ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
A Company ◽  
Level 2

PT. XYZ is a company in the field of industrial manufacture of PVC pipe (Poly Vinyl Chloride). Pipe products produced often have a disability are not standards-compliant (5,5%) and exceeds the tolerance (±1%), which has been set by the company. Competitive competition in product marketing lead companies needs to boost quality. The importance of quality is one of the reasons to research the quality of products produced by the company. This study using method seven tools and taguchi to analyze and improving the quality of pipe. Seven tools method used to identify factors that influence product defects. Taguchi method produces the optimum combination of factors that influence the level of significance is the coolant temperature 20 ° C at level 2, extruder temperature of 150 ° C at level 1, haul off the speed of 18 m / s at level 1 and a pressure of 0.06 MPa printing at level 1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document