scholarly journals Occurrence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren using a noninvasive indicator: waist and height ratio

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Arieli Fernandes Dias ◽  
Caroline Brand ◽  
Vanilson Batista Lemes ◽  
Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya ◽  
Anelise Reis Gaya
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
The City

Introduction: Metabolic disorders in childhood and adolescence have been increasing considerably. Thus, the importance of performing an early diagnosis is emphasized. Objective: To analyse the occurrence of metabolic risk using a non-invasive marker in schoolchildren. Methods: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, with random sample of 174 schoolchildren (70 boys and 104 girls) from 10 state high schools in the city of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The height (cm) was verified according to the procedures of the Brazilian Sport Project and the waist circumference (cm) was measured with a flexible and inelastic tape measure. From this the waist-to-height ratio was calculated, which takes into account the proportion of abdominal fat by the individual’s height, considering the cut-off point of Ashwell & Hsieh. For data analysis we used descriptive and chi-square statistics. Results: The metabolic risk of schoolchildren was 13.8%, when stratified by sex, the occurrences were 11.4% for males and 15.4% for females, but there was no significant difference between the sexes (X2= 0.54; p= 0.45). Conclusion: The use of non-invasive markers for the diagnosis of metabolic risk indicated a high occurrence of it in schoolchildren, with the girls presenting a higher risk. The use of this method is important because it allows the evaluation of a greater number of schoolchildren and the early identification of health risk. In addition to being a low-cost, easy-to-apply method.

ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES AS THE INDICATORS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION RISK IN A GROUP OF ELDERLY WOMEN OF THE CITY OF BELGOROD

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
В.Ю. Бахолдина ◽  
С.В. Кощавка
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Morphological Status ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
The City

Было проведено сравнительное изучение трёх антропометрических индексов в качестве обобщённых характеристик морфологического статуса в связи с показателями АД в группе 50 женщин города Белгорода. Возраст участниц находился в возрастном диапазоне 50-79 лет, средний возраст - 61 год. В современной научной литературе широко обсуждается проблема выбора среди антропометрических индексов наиболее достоверного предиктора метаболических нарушений и связанных с ними заболеваний, в том числе повышенного АД. В работе рассмотрены три наиболее широко применяемых антропометрических индекса - ИМТ, индекс талия-бедра (ИТБ) и индекс талия-длина тела (ИТДТ). Индексы ИМТ и ИТДТ лучше, чем ИТБ отражают морфологические особенности выборки, которая отличается тенденцией к повышенной массе тела и повышенным обхватным размерам. Наиболее высокие и достоверные связи с АД в изученной выборке женщин выявлены для ИМТ. Итоги проведённого исследования подтверждают высокую прогностическую значимость ИМТ как показателя риска артериальной гипертензии и связанных с этим метаболических нарушений. A comparative study of three anthropometric indices as generalized characteristics of the morphological status of elderly women of Belgorod (sample size 50) in the connection with blood pressure (BP) was conducted. The age of the participants ranges from 50 to 79, with the average age of 61. In modern scientific literature, the problem of choosing among anthropometric indices the most reliable predictor of metabolic disorders and related diseases, including high BP, is widely discussed. The paper considers three most widely used anthropometric indices - body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR). BMI and WtHR better reflect morphological specificity of the sample, with a tendency to increased body mass and girths. The highest and most reliable associations with BP are identified for BMI. The results of the study confirm the high predictive value of BMI as an indicator of the risk of arterial hypertension and associated metabolic disorders

Optimal Cut-off Point of Waist to Height Ratio in Beijing and Its Association with Clusters of Metabolic Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Dong ◽  
Si-si Wang ◽  
Xi Chu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Ying-zhi Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

scholarly journals Functional Outcome of Intramedullary Nailing with Rush Pin for Pediatric Both Bone Fractures of Forearm in Western Hilly Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rahul Shrestha ◽  
Subin Byanjankar ◽  
Rajeev Dwivedi ◽  
Ruban Raj Joshi ◽  
Mahesh Raj Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Intramedullary Nailing ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Western World ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elastic Nails ◽  
Mean Time

Introduction: Both bone diaphysis fracture of forearm is common in children of hilly area in Nepal because the children climbs tree and cliff for playing and cutting grass. Close reduction and casting is the preferred method of treatment these fractures but the chances of re-displacement is very high. Intramedullary nailing with titanium elastic nails or rush pins is widely accepted these days with good outcome. Titanium nails are popular in western world but is costly whereas rush pins are cheap and are preferred in developing world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of intramedullary rush pin for pediatric both bone fracture of forearm. Methods: In this retrospective, observational study done from 1st of February 2017 to 31st of March 2017, a total of sixty patients with both bone fractures of forearm were treated with intramedullary rush pin and followed up for six months for evaluation of functional outcome. T-test and Chi-square tests were done. Results: Closed reduction and internal fixation was done in 48 (80%) patients. Mean age of the patients was 9.23 year (SD=2.77). Fifty-six (93.3%) patients were male with a significant difference (p<0.001). With price et al. grading system, 49 (81.7%) patients had excellent results, nine (15%) had good and two (3.3%) patients had fair results. There was no major complication. Mean time to implant removal was 24.16 weeks (SD=1.62) from the time of surgery with range of 20 to 28 weeks. Among transverse and oblique fractures, patients with transverse fracture were likely to have better outcome (p=0.04). Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing with rush pin gives excellent to good functional outcome in majority of the cases without major complications at low cost for management of both bone fractures of forearm in children.

scholarly journals ALT Trends Through Childhood and Adolescence and Association with Hepatic Steatosis at 24 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1686-1686
Author(s):  
Ahlia Sekkarie ◽  
Janet Figueroa ◽  
Kate Northstone ◽  
Jean Welsh ◽  
Miriam Vos
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
University Of Bristol

Abstract Objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is characterized by elevated levels of fat in the liver. NAFLD can begin in childhood, although the origins of the disease are not well characterized. Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is often used to screen for NAFLD. Our objectives are to 1) examine whether elevated ALT at 24 y is associated with hepatic steatosis and 2) describe whether ALT trends from 9 to 24 y differ by hepatic steatosis grade at 24 y. Methods We used data from a UK population-based birth cohort study (ALSPAC). Patients with 2 to 4 ALT measurements (at 9, 15, 17, 24 y) were included; pregnant women and high alcohol consumers were excluded. To assess hepatic steatosis, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) scores from Fibroscan were measured at 24 y. We categorized CAP scores into steatosis grades [none (S0: &lt; 248 dB/m), mild/moderate (S1-S2: 248–279 dB/m), and severe (S3: &gt;279 dB/m)]. We used a Pearson's chi-square test to determine whether elevated ALT at 24 y (&gt;19 U/L in women, &gt;30 U/L in men) was associated with steatosis grade. We used sex-stratified linear mixed models to assess trend differences of log-transformed ALT levels from 9 to 24 y between the different steatosis grades at 24 y. Results The final sample size was 1156 (41.4% male). At 24 y, among those with elevated ALT, 17.5% had severe steatosis (S3), while among those with normal ALT only 4.8% had S3 (P &lt; 0.001). In both sexes, there was a more rapid increase in ALT from 9 to 24 y in those with S3 vs S0 at 24 y (P &lt; 0.001). In boys and girls at 9 y, there was no significant difference between ALT values for those with subsequent S3 v S0. In boys at 15 y, ALT was mean (95% CI) 19.1 U/L (17.4–20.9) for S3 vs 15.5 U/L (15.0–16.1) for S0; at 17 y, ALT was 25.4 U/L (23.3–27.8) for S3 vs 18.1 U/L (17.5–18.7) for S0; at 24 y, ALT was 45.2 U/L (40.6–50.4) at S3 vs 24.5(23.5–25.6) at S0 (P &lt; 0.001 for all differences). In girls there were smaller but still significant differences in ALT values between those with S3 and S0 at 15, 17, and 24 y. Conclusions Higher ALT levels from childhood to adolescence were associated with severe hepatic steatosis at 24 years. Diverging ALT trends prior to NAFLD diagnosis may allow for the identification and prevention of NAFLD. Funding Sources The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome and the University of Bristol Children's Healthcare of Atlanta.

scholarly journals A Comparison between BMI, Waist Circumference, and Waist-To-Height Ratio for Identifying Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0149351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís B. Sardinha ◽  
Diana A. Santos ◽  
Analiza M. Silva ◽  
Anders Grøntved ◽  
Lars B. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

Introducing excess body weight in childhood and adolescence and comparison with body mass index and waist-to-height ratio

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Petroff ◽  
K Kromeyer-Hauschild ◽  
S Wiegand ◽  
D l'Allemand-Jander ◽  
G Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

scholarly journals Informality and tax evasion. An experimental test among female entrepreneurs in Bogotá

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (55) ◽  
pp. 239-257
Author(s):  
Mayda Alejandra Calderon Diaz ◽  
Olga Lucia Manrique Chaparro ◽  
Samantha Chloe Jade Day
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Informal Labor ◽  
Evasion Game ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Informal Labor Market ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The City

The majority of informal entrepreneurs and workers in Bogota are women, most of whom do not have social security provision or job stability.This research investigates to what extent female entrepreneurs in the city of Bogota, Colombia, prefer to situate their business in the informal labor market. Some theorists as represented by De Soto, argue informality occurs due to a preference-based rational decision to avoid paying taxes, while others consider it to be primarily related to an “escape” from poverty as a unique option. The study used an experiment, featuring a tax evasion game targeting500 women participants, formal and informal entrepreneurs, from the city of Bogota. The null hypothesis of the study was tested using Chi-square (X2) and inferential statistical model at a 5% level of significance. The findings revealed that a significant difference between attitudes towards taxation in formal and informal female entrepreneurs in Bogota does not exist.

Indicators of Obesity and Cardio-Metabolic Risks: Important Consideration in Adults and Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Soheilipour ◽  
Mahsa Hatami ◽  
Hamid Salehiniya ◽  
Mohammadreza Alaei
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Metabolic Complication ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio

: The prevalence of obesity was dramatically increased all over the world. Body mass index [BMI] has been used as the most common available measure to determining obesity status. In contrast, excessive fat mass accumulation is a more vital determinant of cardio-metabolic complication than systemic and generalized obesity, which lonely confined through BMI. So, it is concluded that using traditional anthropometric indices such as BMI to interpret obesity status and cardio-metabolic risk has considerable limitations. Thus, the main aims of the present study are to discuss the possible drawbacks of anthropometric indices, especially BMI. The epidemiological studies are usually neglected and illustrate Important Considerations in using other anthropometric indices as a measurement of obesity and related cardio-metabolic complications, emphasizing the use of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio.

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