scholarly journals Integrated actions and strengthening of Public Health System in Brazil in a time of pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 05-08
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
The World ◽  
Free Health Care ◽  
The Right

The National Health System, being named unique in the Constitution because it refers to a set of elements, such as universalization, equity, integrality, decentralization and  popular participation  and which is in convergence with the  Constitution of 1988  of the Federative Republic of Brazil,  which  states that health is a right of all and a duty of the State.Thus, with the creation of SUS, the entire Brazilian population now has the right to universal and free health care , financed with resources from the budgets of the Union, the States, the Federal District and the Municipalities, as regulated by article 195 of the Brazilian Constitution. It is noteworthy that SUS is one of the most powerful and important in the world and  it serves about 220 million people. It   is characterized by a foundation of three pillars: universality, integrality and equity.

PP155 The Impact Of Lawsuits In The Brazilian Public Health System

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
Carla Biella ◽  
Viviane Pereira ◽  
Fabiana Raynal ◽  
Jorge Barreto ◽  
Vania Canuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION:The increase of litigation in Brazil on the right to health, and the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) targets of litigation, are phenomena that generate discussions both in the judiciary, and among researchers and managers of health. The lawsuits are based on the integrality that includes the right to any health technology. Our aim was to gather information on the use of scientific evidence by judges and other law professionals to support their decisions in lawsuits involving health care in Brazil.METHODS:A narrative review by literature search using key terms of legalization in specific databases was conducted.RESULTS:Twenty-five studies showed litigation matters relating to health care which were focused on legal claims about drugs. In general, law operators used the scientific evidences in a limited way when making decisions, by considering the medical report and medication label indications and disregarding therapeutic alternatives contemplated in the SUS list. The access to health technologies, by litigation, reveals that the gap between scientific knowledge and legal practice are similar to those found between science and decision-making in the formulation and implementation of health policies. The Health Technology Assessment studies have high potential for use by the judiciary as a reference source to support technical and scientific decisions in lawsuits on health care.CONCLUSIONS:For the judiciary to ensure not only access to health technologies, but also the efficacy and safety of technologies to system users, their decisions must be substantiated by scientific evidence. The National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC) in SUS has established actions in conjunction with law operators and society, such as a communication using e-mail, aiding the decision for the injunction and elaboration of technical reports and a policy brief, with the intention that the decisions are taken with the greatest possible knowledge about technologies provided by SUS, and based on scientific evidence.

Healthcare in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Elena Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
National Health System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

Brazil is the largest country in South America both in terms of population and area, while the country ranks fifth in the world in terms of territory. About 200 million people live in the country, the average life expectancy as of 2019 was 75.7 years, Portuguese is official language. Healthcare in Brazil at the present stage occupies a rightful place in the ranking of world health care systems. Not much is allocated for healthcare needs according to the European standards — about 8.5 % of GDP. However 1 % from any banking transaction in the country goes for medicine. At the same time the state pays close attention to health issues, fully providing financing for such costly areas as the treatment of HIV-associated pathology and hepatitis C, hemodialysis, and insulin therapy. But it was not always this way. Until 1988, before the right of all citizens to receive guaranteed medical care was enshrined in the Brazilian Constitution, healthcare in the country was available only to wealthy segments of the population, while the poor could only rely on the provision of medical services as part of charity. National Health System was established in the country in 1990 due to the adoption of the Constitution, which proclaimed the right to health as one of the fundamental human rights. Today, this system is one of the largest public health systems in the world, which covers provision of health care for about 200 million people. The country moved from the category of «recipient» of medical care at the world level to the category of «donor» not so long ago, and is very successful in this. This is one of the few states where public health interests of the nation are put above economic ones. This fact was confirmed during the tobacco control company. Brazil, being a major exporter of tobacco products, took an active part in this company, despite the fact that it suffered major economic losses [1].

scholarly journals Comparative analysis between prevention and treatment costs for gestational diabetes mellitus in primary and tertiary health care in a city in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Ricardo Reichenbach ◽  
◽  
Yasmin Reis ◽  
Maria Carolina Gullo ◽  
José Mauro Madi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Economic Context

Objective: The present study’s purpose is to evaluate the economic context in which the Brazilian public health system, the only universal public health system with more than 200 million users, stands out. This evaluation will be made through the lens of the execution of gestational health care services in a city of approximately 500 thousand inhabitants in southern Brazil. The care costs of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) will be compared to those of patients without GDM, analyzing the different economic valuation methods. And lastly, there was an intent to explore the generated costs in the context of economic valuation applied to health to comprehend better the complexity of the union of the financial and health areas to optimize the services offered. Methods: For the economic context in health, an analysis of health investments was performed through the Transparency Portal. The costs involved in preventing GDM were raised by the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) table of procedures performed ordinarily in low-risk pregnancies. The expenses involved in DMG patients were increased at the High-Risk Pregnancy and Fetal Medicine Clinic of DMG patients. Results: Preventing GDM is more cost-effective, cost-minimizing, and cost-useful than treating patients diagnosed with GDM. Conclusion: The result is an extremely interesting costopportunity, given the economic context in which it is presented

scholarly journals Delays and Unmet Need for Health Care Among Adult Primary Care Patients in a Restructured Urban Public Health System

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison L. Diamant ◽  
Ron D. Hays ◽  
Leo S. Morales ◽  
Wesley Ford ◽  
Daphne Calmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Primary Care Patients

scholarly journals The preventive health care act and the future forum public health in Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F De Bock ◽  
Y Shajanian Zarneh ◽  
S Matusall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Preventive Health Care ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Bottom Up

Abstract The public health system in Germany, similar to education and cultural affairs, is characterised by the federal structure. It is mainly regulated and decided at the state and municipal level, and not primarily at the national level. The preventive health care act (The Act to Strengthen Health Promotion and Preventive Health Care) (2015) underlines the setting-based approach of health promotion and takes a life course perspective by recommending goals of growing up healthy, living and working healthy and healthy ageing. The act formulates broad recommendations for prevention and health promotion at the national level, that in turn take on concrete forms in mandatory framework agreements at the federal state level with uniform health objectives. On the whole, the key objective of the act is to improve preventive health care and general health promotion. Also the financing of the act by the mandatory health insurance is a special feature and at the same time a novelty. At the same time a bottom-up project has been recently launched with the aim to develop a public health strategy in Germany. The project future forum public health (ZfPH) is a platform for public health professionals, researchers and students following incorporated concepts of policy analysis as well as methods that will ensure participation, transparency and transferability of the results into policy and practice. Over the next three years, ZfPH’s steering group will moderate a participatory process, including stakeholders from public health practice and research as well as policy makers. In an evidence-based approach, they will first analyse the current state of Germany’s public health system before developing concrete policy recommendations for a coherent and efficient public health system. The presentation will give a short overview over the German public health system and the preventive health care act, its structure and the achievements as well as the bottom-up project future forum public health.

PD61 HTA Regional Network In The Central Region Of Brazil: Survey In 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 152-152
Author(s):  
Flavia Tavares Silva Elias ◽  
Juliana da Motta Girardi ◽  
Rafael Moraes ◽  
Fabio Amorim ◽  
Ana Carolina Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Questionnaire Response ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
The Public

Introduction:The Federal District in Brazil has about 2.9 million inhabitants and the public health system is focused on medical specialties, with one university hospital and twenty regional hospitals. This ecosystem is favorable for fostering health technology assessment (HTA) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health care. The objective was to identify institutions that could form a HTA network to support decision-oriented evidence in the public health system.Methods:Stakeholders from the hospitals and training/research institutions in the Federal District were surveyed. An online questionnaire (Google Docs) was developed to identify the potential and capacity of institutions to analyze or produce clinical and economic evidence. Two HTA seminars were held to spread knowledge about HTA and to encourage stakeholders to complete the survey.Results:The questionnaire response rate was thirty-five percent (25/70). Fifteen institutions were cited by the respondents as having the potential to build a HTA network. Twelve of the institutions produced rapid reviews and clinical guidelines, but only three of these had an organized priority setting process or produced assessments at the request of the hospital manager. The challenges identified were training and willingness of decision makers to organize HTA units in the hospitals.Conclusions:An executive group was created which defined a strategy to support the implementation of HTA units as part of the HTA National Network (REBRATS). A regulation proposal was also created to encourage decision makers to activate a HTA network in the Federal District.

scholarly journals Development of a gender-relevant tobacco cessation intervention for women in Brazil—an intervention mapping approach to planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-520
Author(s):  
N�dia Kienen ◽  
Tha�s Dist�fano Wiltenburg ◽  
Lorna Bittencourt ◽  
Isabel C Scarinci
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Intervention Mapping ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Care System

Abstract The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a theory-based, culturally and gender-relevant Community Health Worker (CWH)-led tobacco cessation intervention for low-income Brazilian women who augments the tobacco cessation program offered through the public health system using Intervention Mapping (IM). We began with the establishment of a network of representatives from different segments of society followed by comprehensive needs assessments. We then established a logical planning process that was guided by a theoretical framework (Social Cognitive Theory) and existing evidence-based tobacco cessation programs, taking into account socio-political context of a universal health care system. Given the gender-relevance of our intervention and the importance of social support in tobacco cessation among women, we chose an intervention that would be delivered within the public health system but augmented by CHWs that would be trained in behavior change by researchers. One of major advantages of utilizing IM was that decisions were made in a transparent and supportive manner with involvement of all stakeholders throughout the process. Despite the fact that this process is very taxing on researchers and the health care system as it takes time, resources and negotiation skills, it builds trust and promotes ownership which can assure sustainability.

scholarly journals Examining the Potential of Blockchain Technology to Meet the Needs of 21st-Century Japanese Health Care: Viewpoint on Use Cases and Policy

10.2196/13649 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. e13649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Mackey ◽  
Hirofumi Bekki ◽  
Tokio Matsuzaki ◽  
Hiroshi Mizushima
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Japan is undergoing a major population health transition as its society ages, and it continues to experience low birth rates. An aging Japan will bring new challenges to its public health system, highlighted as a model for universal health coverage (UHC) around the world. Specific challenges Japan’s health care system will face include an increase in national public health expenditures, higher demand for health care services, acute need for elder and long-term care, shortage of health care workers, and disparities between health care access in rural versus urban areas. Blockchain technology has the potential to address some of these challenges, but only if a health blockchain is conceptualized, designed, localized, and deployed in a way that is compatible with Japan’s centralized UHC-centric public health system. Blockchain solutions must also be adaptive to opportunities and barriers unique to Japan’s national health and innovation policy, including its regulatory sandbox system, while also seeking to learn from blockchain adoption in the private sector and in other countries. This viewpoint outlines the major opportunities and potential challenges to blockchain adoption for the future of Japan’s health care.

scholarly journals Progress of health care in rural India: a critical review of National Rural Health Mission

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gopalakrishnan ◽  
A. Immanuel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
National Rural Health Mission ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Infrastructure

National rural health mission (NRHM) was initiated in the year 2005 in eleventh five year plan, with the objective of providing quality health care services to the rural population. The mission brought out salient strategies by involving various sectors and forging partnerships with various organizations to unify health and family welfare services into a single window. Though the mission strived for a sustainable health care system, it did not envisage certain challenges in implementation. The public health system in India could take off from the foundations laid by the NRHM to overcome these challenges, in order to achieve various goals of health and development and put India on the road map of healthful development. The objective of this review article is to critically evaluate the implementation of national rural health mission and highlight its success and to make recommendations on the future health care planning and implementation in achieving universal health coverage for the rural India. NRHM has been a mammoth effort by the Union Government to build the public health infrastructure of the nation. The mission deserves its credit for empowering the rural India in health care, especially in States with poor health related indicators. NRHM has been a pioneer in reiterating the need for community participation, coupled with intersectoral convergence, to bring about a paradigm shift in the indicators, which has been reasonably achieved in most of the States. Taking forward the foundations laid by the NRHM, it is essential for the forthcoming policies and plans to focus on capacity building, not only on the infrastructure and technical aspects, but also on streamlining the health workforce, which is crucial to sustaining the public health infrastructure. The public health system in India should take off from the foundations laid by the NRHM. There is an imminent need to focus on forging a sustainable public private partnership, which will deliver quality services, and not compromise on the principles and identity of the public health system of the country, in its pursuit to achieve universal health coverage and sustainable development goals.

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