Promoting Entrepreneurship: What Are the Real Policy Challenges for the European Union (EU)?

2011 ◽  
pp. 91-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders N. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Real

Grexit and Brexit: Incidents, accidents and wake-up calls on the bumpy road of European (dis)integration

2020 ◽  
pp. 096977642097061
Author(s):  
George Petrakos ◽  
Alexandra Sotiriou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
The Real ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

Almost 30 years since the Maastricht Treaty and 20 years since the introduction of the euro, it is clear that the European Union (EU) has lost its appeal to wider constituencies and citizen groups that realize that the promises for convergence and prosperity have not been delivered. Rising dissatisfaction and Euroscepticism (expressed both in the ballot box and in Eurobarometer reports) is evident even in traditional pro-EU countries of the European core. As this long decade comes to an end, incidents (or accidents) like these ones, either in the form of open discontent, or in the form of rising populism, will exert pressure on the EU policy agenda that will either increase the frequency of deadlocks and inefficiency in policy making or will eventually lead to an honest effort to address the roots of these phenomena. This paper examines the drivers behind these two incidents (and the ones that may follow) and the limits of the current market and policy integration arrangements in the EU, arguing that a new policy agenda addressing the real weaknesses of the Union is inevitable if disintegration is to be avoided. Luckily enough, some elements of this new policy agenda may already be here.

scholarly journals Western Civilization and Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic Partnership

2019 ◽  
pp. 507-519
Author(s):  
Serhii Pyrozhkov ◽  
Nazip Khamitov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The Real ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Globalization Strategy

The article deals with Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic geopolitical vector in a modern geopolitical situation. The authors argue that a link between national interests and geopolitical vector of a country as a civilizational subject determines its globalization strategy. The Euro-Atlantic geopolitical vector of Ukraine provides for geographical, geopolitical, civilizational interaction with the European and Euro-Atlantic community on the basis of partnership and national interests. The main criterion for the constructiveness of Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic vector is the strengthening and development of our country’s position as an international actor. The authors distinguish the two branches of Western civilization in the modern world: Euro- Atlantic and Eurasian. Ukraine lies on the border between the Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian branches of Western civilization. Ukraine’s ability to be a subject of history, have its own civilizational project and implement it depends on the ability to build productive relationships with these two branches. At the same time, there is a distinct historical timeliness of integration with the Euro-Atlantic civilizational community for the implementation of objectives and consolidation of values of Ukraine’s civilizational project, which requires an innovative development. Over the last hundred years, Ukraine has been predominantly engaged in the Eurasian civilizational community. To strengthen its position as an international actor, Ukraine has to overcome such asymmetry. That is why Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic vector is not limited to the membership in the European Union or NATO. It is a much more complex process of mental and civilizational transformation, which becomes a condition for ensuring the real sovereignty. Keywords: Euro-Atlantic vector of Ukraine, Western civilization, national interests, subject of history.

scholarly journals The Real Effects of Monetary Policy in the European Union: What Are the Differences?

1997 ◽  
Vol 97 (160) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramana Ramaswamy ◽  
Torsten Sløk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Effects

scholarly journals Estudio jurisprudencial sobre el régimen jurídico-procesal de las cláusulas de jurisdicción insertas en conocimientos de embarque: situación actual y futuro proyectado = Jurisprudencial examination on the legal and procedural regime of jurisdiction clauses inserted in bills of lading: current situation and foreseeable future

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciso de Borja Langelaan Osset
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
The Real ◽  
Bill Of Lading ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject

Resumen: El presente trabajo se propone realizar un análisis jurisprudencial de la normativa pro­cesal en la Unión Europea aplicable a las cláusulas de jurisdicción insertas en conocimientos de em­barque. En este sentido, se estudian el art. 25 del Reglamento 1215/2012 y el art. 468 de la LENMAR, tratando los problemas procesales que ambos plantean. Por otro lado, se realiza un análisis a la luz de la jurisprudencia y doctrina anterior a la LENMAR para proyectar en el futuro la aplicabilidad real del mencionado art. 468. Este análisis se completa con una breve explicación inicial sobre el transporte de mercancías en régimen de conocimiento de embarque con el objeto de contextualizar la materia de estudio del presente trabajo.Palabras clave: cláusulas de jurisdicción, conocimiento de embarque, Reglamento 1215/2012, Ley de Navegación Marítima, art. 468 LNM.Abstract: The aim of this paper is to carry out a jurisprudential examination on the procedural Regulations applicable within the European Union to jurisdiction clauses inserted in Bills of Lading. Accordingly, art. 25 Regulation 1215/2012 and art. 468 LENMAR are studied, tackling the procedural problems that both articles raise. On another note, a scrutiny of the jurisprudence and doctrine previous to the LENMAR is carried out, so that the real enforceability of the above-mentioned art. 468 is pro­jected into the future. This inquiry is completed by an introductory explanation about the international carriage of goods by sea, so as to contextualize the subject of this paper.Keywords: jurisdiction clauses, bill of lading, UE Regulation 1215/2012, Spanish Maritime Act, art. 468 LNM.

scholarly journals A Review of how Behavioural Insights have been Applied to Tax-Related Policy and Field Experiments in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-825
Author(s):  
Michal Müller
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Real ◽  
Behavioural Insights

Tax evasion is a problem in every country. Since taxes are the most important source of income for the state budget, finance ministers and tax authorities strive to increase tax compliance and secure higher tax revenues. In the context of European Union objectives to monitor the effects of behavioural insights and gather information for critical evaluation, this article contributes to these efforts by summarizing policies and measures related to increasing tax compliance. This article is based on a systematic review and is complemented by other relevant sources related to applying behavioural insights to tax policy. The article concludes that although there is empirical evidence to suggest that behaviourally informed initiatives and interventions have had a significant impact on tax compliance in the short term, there is not enough evidence to draw conclusions on the long-term effects. In addition, the real motives and causal mechanisms that have led to increased tax compliance are not entirely clear. The results of the research suggest that deterrence is an important factor. Although deterrence might increase tax compliance, it is uncertain whether it has any positive effect on tax morale in general. The article raises the argument that many behaviourally-informed techniques are actually based on deterrence. In this respect, the article calls for further research to reveal the real effects of behavioural insights. Further work on reviewing and evaluating research results will also be important, as individual initiatives across EU countries are not easily traceable. This fact represents the limits of this study and highlights opportunities for future research.

scholarly journals Unemployment and growth in advanced economies in the pre-crisis period

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Palát
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
European Union ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate

The paper is aimed at assessing the relationship between the unemployment growth rate and the real GDP growth rate in three biggest advanced economic bodies of the world. In the statistical part of the paper the correlation determination of the real GDP growth rate and unemployment rate has been examined. The results of quantitative methods especially regression and correlation analysis statistically approved the correlation of chosen characteristics including the statistical significance in Japan and the United States. The situation in the European Union differs from the results of two other examined economies and the existence correlation hadn’t been proven statistically. This might be caused by a relatively specific economic development, structural and institutional changes which had occurred in the European Union during the reference period and which has had significant impacts for output and unemployment.

scholarly journals Fight against Organized Crime as One of the Fundamental Conditions for the Integration in the European Union. Albanian Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Vilma Spahiu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
The Real ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Real Issue

The Integration of Albania in the European Union Structures remains one of the most important challenges of the Albanian government, since the post-communist period. To become a member of these structures with full rights, the Albanian government must fulfil some conditions and criteria. The main purpose of this paper relates to the analysis of the war against organized crime, as one of the fundamental conditions for the European Integration. The war against organized crime has been chosen as the most important focus because the defined criteria in this matter, regardless the efforts to improve the situation, have not yet given the desired results. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize the fact that lately the representatives of European Union increasingly are underlying in their statements that Albanian governments must document reliable data, regarding the war against organized crime, and they must document sustainability in this direction and give concrete results, because still in the security sector the proper objectives have not been reached. The real issue is not related with the missing of a national strategy in the war against the organized crime, but with the effective implementation and application of this strategy.

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