Process, Strategy, and Behavior

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Shubik ◽  
Eric Smith
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Auction Market ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
False Dichotomy ◽  
Trading Mechanisms ◽  
Reasonable Description ◽  
And Behavior

The previous chapters have developed structure and provided proofs in principle as to how to build and analyse multistage models with simple assumptions about behavior. The hyper-astronomical explosion of special cases is to be welcomed as indicating that the initial timeless tight system, when converted to a loosely coupled process model, calls for both the specification of ad hoc questions and the supply of ad hoc model building of the detail needed to make it feasible to provide useful answers in any applications. We summarize the five dynamic models we analysed; but stress that in application there is no substitute for knowing both the relevant details and the behavioral considerations of the situation at hand. The dynamics of the steel industry requires details concerning both structure and behavior, as these are contrasted for example with selling high end art. In this chapter we examine the functioning of the double auction market and comment on trading mechanisms. Finally we discuss the relationship among solutions, structure and behaviour, closing with observations on dynamics and complexity and the false dichotomy between “Rational” or “Behavioral Agents”. For most individuals without deep psychological problems “context rationality” may provide a reasonable description.

scholarly journals The Prisoners’ Dilemma in collaborative carriers’ request selection

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha Gansterer ◽  
Richard F. Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Computational Study ◽  
Logistics Industry ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Prisoners Dilemma ◽  
Trading Mechanisms ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Idle Capacity

AbstractLogistics providers have to utilize available capacities efficiently in order to cope with increasing competition and desired quality of service. One possibility to reduce idle capacity is to build coalitions with other players on the market. While the willingness to enter such coalitions does exist in the logistics industry, the success of collaborations strongly depends on mutual trust and behavior of participants. Hence, a proper mechanism design, where carriers do not have incentives to deviate from jointly established rules, is needed. We propose to use a combinatorial auction system, for which several properties are already well researched but little is known about the auction’s first phase, where carriers have to decide on the set of requests offered to the auction. Profitable selection strategies, aiming at maximization of total collaboration gains, do exist. However, the impact on individual outcomes, if one or more players deviate from jointly agreed selection rules is yet to be researched. We analyze whether participants in an auction-based transport collaboration face a Prisoners’ Dilemma. While it is possible to construct such a setting, our computational study reveals that carriers do not profit from declining the cooperative strategy. This is an important and insightful finding, since it further strengthens the practical applicability of auction-based trading mechanisms in collaborative transportation.

scholarly journals Active Game-Based Solutions for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Carina S. González-González ◽  
Nazaret Gómez del Río ◽  
Pedro A. Toledo-Delgado ◽  
Francisco José García-Peñalvo
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Active Video Games ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Active Video ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
And Behavior

Obesity is one of the biggest health problems globally that, together with sedentarism, requires solutions that increase the enthusiasm towards physical activity. Therefore, this paper describes two solutions based on active games using the Kinect sensor and biometric sensors, designed for the outpatient treatment of childhood obesity. The solutions were applied in an intervention program based on active video games and motor games, developed with children in treatment for childhood obesity. An ad hoc questionnaire was used to assess the level of satisfaction, fun, learning, and behavior changes in the children of the experimental group that developed the intervention. The results showed a high index of satisfaction with the intervention program, as well as with the games developed. It is concluded that active video games and group games are highly motivating and can promote behavior change towards healthier life habits in children.

Expanding the Strategic Role of Information Interactions in the Enterprise Environment

2010 ◽  
pp. 470-488
Author(s):  
Judit Olah ◽  
Ole Axvig
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Modern Enterprise ◽  
Information Interaction ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Product Outcome

In a modern enterprise environment, many information resources are available to people working to produce valuable output. Due to technology proliferation, remote work access, and multiple geographical locations generating their own solutions for local infrastructure challenges, as well as the fact that modern professionals are tasked to make decisions autonomously, it is not self-evident what types of information resources could or should be accessed in what order in order to move processes towards the desired product outcome. Our integrated model was developed using the results of an empirical study. The model puts a user-centered focus on business process model building by mapping all information interactions surrounding the business processes (i.e. creation, storage, management, retrieval of documents/ contents as well as information and data). The model characterizes the business processes by types of information interaction, analyzes process phases by those interactions and evaluates actual locations of information content extractions.

Fragmentation and Coarse-Grained Content

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-77
Author(s):  
Daniel Greco
Keyword(s):  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Coarse Grain ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Special Case

This chapter defends the possible worlds framework for modeling the contents of belief. Both the threats against which the chapter defends it—the problems of coarse grain—and the ‘fragmentationist’ response it offers are familiar. At least as a sociological matter, the fragmentationist response has been unpersuasive, likely because it can look like an ad hoc patch—an unmotivated epicycle aimed at saving a flailing theory from decisive refutation. The chapter offers two responses to this charge. First, the problems of coarse grain aren’t unique to the possible worlds framework and indeed arise for anyone who accepts certain very attractive views about the relationship between beliefs, desires, and action. Second, the fragmentationist response to these problems is in fact a special case of an independently motivated, ‘modest’ approach to model-building in philosophy.

scholarly journals COPE.er Method: Combating Digital Addiction via Online Peer Support Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amen Alrobai ◽  
Abdullah Algashami ◽  
Huseyin Dogan ◽  
Tessa Corner ◽  
Keith Phalp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Digital Addiction ◽  
New Research

Digital addiction (hereafter DA) denotes a problematic relationship with technology described by being compulsive, obsessive, impulsive and hasty. New research has identified cases where users’ digital behaviour shows symptoms meeting the clinical criteria of behavioural addiction. The online peer groups approach is one of the strategies to combat addictive behaviours. Unlike other behaviours, intervention and addictive usage can be on the same medium; the online space. This shared medium empowers influence techniques found in peer groups, such as self-monitoring, social surveillance, and personalised feedback, with a higher degree of interactivity, continuity and real-time communication. Social media platforms in general and online peer groups, in particular, have received little guidance as to how software design should take it into account. Careful theoretical understanding of the unique attributes and dynamics of such platforms and their intersection with gamification and persuasive techniques is needed as the ad-hoc design may cause unexpected harm. In this paper, we investigate how to facilitate the design process to ensure a systematic development of this technology. We conducted several qualitative studies including user studies and observational investigations. The primary contribution of this research is twofold: (i) a reference model for designing interactive online platforms to host peer groups and combat DA, (ii) a process model, COPE.er, inspired by the participatory design approach to building Customisable Online Persuasive Ecology by Engineering Rehabilitation strategies for different groups.

How the Show Goes On: Using the Aesthetic Experience of Collective Performance to Adapt while Coordinating

2020 ◽  
pp. 000183922091105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Paul Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Musical Score ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Collective Performance ◽  
Community Choir ◽  
Immediate Experience ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
And Behavior

Coordinating in action groups consists of continuously adapting behaviors in response to fluctuating conditions, ideally with limited disruption to a group’s collective performance. Through an 18-month ethnography of how members of a community choir maintained beautiful, ongoing performance, I explored how they continuously adapted their coordinating, starting when they felt that their collective performance was fragmented or falling apart. The process model I developed shows that this aesthetic experience—the sense of fragmentation based on inputs from the bodily senses—leads to emotional triggering, meaning group members’ emotions prompt changes in their attention and behavior. They then distribute their attention in new ways, increasing their focus on both global qualities of their ongoing performance (in this context, the musical score and conductor) and local qualities (singers’ contributions). My findings suggest that by changing what aspects of a situation compose their immediate experience, action group members can adapt their coordinating behaviors by changing their heed: the behavior that demonstrates their attentiveness and awareness. The intertwining of attention and emotions helps explain how groups move between heedless and heedful interrelating over time, leading to an aesthetic experience of collective performance as being whole or coherent. My research shows that embodied forms of cognition (what we know from direct experience of an environment) complement accounts of how representational forms of knowledge (what we know from symbols, concepts, or ideas) facilitate real-time adaptation in groups. These insights have implications for a range of organizations engaged in complex action group work.

Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models for the Co-Evolution of Networks and Behavior: An Introduction and Tutorial

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Kalish
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Network Change ◽  
Step Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Organizational Scholarship ◽  
And Behavior

Stochastic actor-oriented (SAO) models are a family of models for network dynamics that enable researchers to test multiple, often competing explanations for network change and estimate the extent and relative power of various influences on network evolution. SAO models for the co-evolution of network ties and actor behavior, the most comprehensive category of SAO models, examine how networks and actor attributes—their behavior, performance, or attitudes—influence each other over time. While these models have been widely used in the social sciences, and particularly in educational settings, their use in organizational scholarship has been extremely limited. This paper provides a layperson introduction to SAO models for the co-evolution of networks and behavior and the types of research questions they can address. The models and their underpinnings are explained in nonmathematical terms, and theoretical explanations are supported by a concrete, detailed example that includes step-by-step model building and hypothesis testing, alongside an R script.

scholarly journals Synchronicity in predictive modelling: a new view of data assimilation

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Duane ◽  
J. J. Tribbia ◽  
J. B. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Dimensional System ◽  
General View ◽  
Machine Perception ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Unidirectional Flow ◽  
Observational Noise

Abstract. The problem of data assimilation can be viewed as one of synchronizing two dynamical systems, one representing "truth" and the other representing "model", with a unidirectional flow of information between the two. Synchronization of truth and model defines a general view of data assimilation, as machine perception, that is reminiscent of the Jung-Pauli notion of synchronicity between matter and mind. The dynamical systems paradigm of the synchronization of a pair of loosely coupled chaotic systems is expected to be useful because quasi-2D geophysical fluid models have been shown to synchronize when only medium-scale modes are coupled. The synchronization approach is equivalent to standard approaches based on least-squares optimization, including Kalman filtering, except in highly non-linear regions of state space where observational noise links regimes with qualitatively different dynamics. The synchronization approach is used to calculate covariance inflation factors from parameters describing the bimodality of a one-dimensional system. The factors agree in overall magnitude with those used in operational practice on an ad hoc basis. The calculation is robust against the introduction of stochastic model error arising from unresolved scales.

Development of Innovation Process Model Using S-BPM Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER GROMOFF ◽  
JULIA STAVENKO ◽  
KRISTINA EVINA ◽  
NIKOLAY KAZANTSEV
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Platform System ◽  
The Given ◽  
Unstructured Information

The innovation process management increasingly gains importance due to tough competition and constantly changing business external and internal environments. In this article, different approaches to the innovation process management are compared. Then some requirements of implementing and managing innovation processes are introduced considering the ad-hoc nature of innovation activities. After that overall innovation process model is proposed with incorporation of expert communities consisting of internal and external experts among employees, suppliers, consumers, research institutions and competitors. As a result a flexible and useful innovation process model is presented based on a theoretical framework, empirical studies and S-BPM approach. The given research was held in a frame of the contract № 13.G25.31.0096 with the Ministry for Education and Science of Russian Federation «Creation of hi-tech manufacture of unstructured information processing in cross-platform system on the open source software basis in order to increase management efficiency of innovative activity of enterprises in modern Russia».Keywords: Business Management, Innovation, innovator, innovative process, expert,s-bpm, descriptive design, Moscow, Russia

scholarly journals How parents suspected of child maltreatment change their cognition and behavior: A process model of outreach and child protection, generated via grounded theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Takaoka ◽  
Fumitake Mizoguchi ◽  
Ichiro Wada ◽  
Michiko Nakazato ◽  
Tetsuya Shiraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Process Model ◽  
And Behavior
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