Looking for the Self in Psychiatry: Perils and Promises of Phenomenology–Neuroscience Partnership in Schizophrenia Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şerife Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Alternative Research

Psychiatric research on schizophrenia is currently undergoing a period of extraordinary science, with many alternative research programs investigating the illness using different assumptions and methodologies. As the struggles the DSM-led research faces are now “more generally recognized as such by the profession,” trust in the dominant DSM-led research paradigm is shaken, and “numerous partial solutions to the problem” are made available (Kuhn 1962, 82-83). I use philosophical tools in this chapter to evaluate one of these alternative research approaches that I call “phenomenology-neuroscience partnership” (PNP). In part II, I lay out the phenomenological approach to schizophrenia that is critical of the DSM-led research. In part III, I focus on the phenomenology-neuroscience partnership (PNP) that takes this phenomenological approach as a starting point to investigate schizophrenia, and address its shortcomings. In part IV, I conclude by pointing out the strengths of the PNP and offer prescriptions for its improvement.

Pacioli, Profit, and Positivism: How Inherited Professional and Academic Traditions Have Stymied Accounting Scholarship

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Badua ◽  
Joshua C. Racca
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Alternative Research ◽  
Double Entry ◽  
Intellectual Movement

ABSTRACT Many criticisms have been leveled at the dominant positivist accounting research paradigm. This paper links this modern research paradigm to the development of double entry bookkeeping, which itself was part of a larger intellectual movement toward quantitative knowledge production, referred to herein as the quantification paradigm shift. Among the items discussed are the socio-economic forces that facilitated this shift, the role played by this movement in the development of accounting techniques, the advent of the concept of profit, and the emergence of positivism in accounting research. These items will be analyzed in the light of historical changes in philosophy and science, critical perspectives on the dominant research paradigm, and calls for alternative research programs.

Why Phenomenology?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Pure Intuition ◽  
The Way

This chapter sets out the rationale for adopting a phenomenological approach to the devout life literature. Distinguishing the present approach from versions of the phenomenology of religion dominant in mid-twentieth-century approaches to religion, an alternative model is found in Heidegger’s early lectures on Paul. These illustrate that alongside its striving to achieve a maximally pure intuition of its subject matter, phenomenology will also be necessarily interpretative and existential. Although phenomenology is limited to what shows itself and therefore cannot pass judgement on the existence of God, it can deal with God insofar as God appears within the activity and passivity of human existence. From Hegel onward, it has also shown itself open to seeing the self as twofold and thus more than a simple subjective agent, opening the way to an understanding of the self as essentially spiritual.

scholarly journals The experiences of women with breast cancer who undergo fertility preservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Dahhan ◽  
F van der Veen ◽  
A M E Bos ◽  
M Goddijn ◽  
E A F Dancet
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Experiences Of Women

Abstract STUDY QUESTION How do women, who have just been diagnosed with breast cancer, experience oocyte or embryo banking? SUMMARY ANSWER Fertility preservation was a challenging yet welcome way to take action when confronted with breast cancer. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Fertility preservation for women with breast cancer is a way to safeguard future chances of having children. Women who have just been diagnosed with breast cancer report stress, as do women who have to undergo IVF treatment. How women experience the collision of these two stressfull events, has not yet been studied. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We performed a multicenter qualitative study with a phenomenological approach including 21 women between March and July 2014. Women were recruited from two university-based fertility clinics. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women with breast cancer who banked oocytes or embryos 1–15 months before study participation were eligible. We conducted in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 21 women, which was sufficient to reach data saturation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The 21 women interviewed had a mean age of 32 years. Analysis of the 21 interviews revealed three main experiences: the burden of fertility preservation, the new identity of a fertility patient and coping with breast cancer through fertility preservation. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Interviewing women after, rather than during, fertility preservation might have induced recall bias. Translation of quotes was not carried out by a certified translator. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The insights gained from this study of the experiences of women undergoing fertility preservation while being newly diagnosed with breast cancer could be used as a starting point for adapting the routine psychosocial care provided by fertility clinic staff. Future studies are necessary to investigate whether adapting routine psychosocial care improves women’s wellbeing. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None of the authors in this study declare potential conflicts of interest. The study was funded by the Center of Reproductive Medicine of the Academic Medical Center.

scholarly journals The Pain of Granting Otherness: Interoception and the Differentiation of the Other / Der Schmerz der Gewährung von Andersheit: Interozeption und die Differenzierung des Objekts

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 155-173
Author(s):  
Joona Taipale
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Central Task ◽  
Experience Of Care ◽  
Psychoanalytic Perspective

SummaryThis article examines the foundations of social experience from a psychoanalytic perspective. In current developmental psychology, social cognition debate, and phenomenology of empathy, it is widely assumed that the self and the other are differentiated from the outset, and the basic challenge is accordingly taken to consist in explaining how the gap between the self and the other can be bridged. By contrast, in the psychoanalytic tradition, the central task is considered to lie in explaining how such a gap is established in the first place. My article develops this latter idea. I focus on the infant’s early experience of care, show how the presence of the caregiver can be interpreted in terms of an interoceptive experience, illustrate the gradual self/other differentiation from this perspective, and thus argue that the other is granted ‘otherness’ gradually. By emphasising this graduality, I challenge the assumption that self/other differentiation dominates the infant’s life from the outset. In this manner, I show how the psychoanalytic theory may be used in contesting one of the cornerstones of the current research paradigm.

scholarly journals As Espiritualidades em Psicoterapeutas Junguianos e Transpessoais: Um Breve Estudo Fenomenológico

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Aurino Lima FERREIRA ◽  
Laila Anine Candida da SILVA ◽  
Sidney Carlos Rocha da SILVA ◽  
Marlos Alves BEZERRA
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Self ◽  
Unconditional Love ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

Spirituality as a human phenomenon presents itself as a significant aspect in the understanding and promotion of health, yet its study was neglected by psychological theories, with the exception of Jung's pioneering studies and the transpersonal approach. In this sense, we aim to present the vision of spirituality among psychologists from the city of Recife (in Brazil) who are guided by these theoretical lines, indicating how this phenomenon is experienced in their professional practices. We performed a phenomenological qualitative research that had as instrument the semi-structured interview with eight psychologists. The data were analyzed according to Bicudo's phenomenological approach and are in agreement with the scientific literature in this field, which indicates that there is no hegemonic definition of spirituality. There are visions of spiritualities, sometimes singular, sometimes common. Spirituality sometimes appears as synonymous with unconditional love, sometimes as access to the transcendent, without denying immanence. It also arises as internal energy and access to the Higher Self or just the Self. In the clinic it is considered as health promoter and approached from the demand in the Jungian perspective and seen as contextual in the transpersonal. We raised reflections on the importance of spirituality to the understanding of human being in its complexity.

The self-regulation of prejudice: Toward understanding its lived character

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margo J. Monteith ◽  
Aimee Y. Mark ◽  
Leslie Ashburn-Nardo
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Racial Experiences ◽  
The Future ◽  
External Motivation

Survey and laboratory studies provide support for the self-regulation of prejudice, but it is unclear whether people similarly self-regulate in“real life. Using a phenomenological approach, 153 non-Black participants recalled racial experiences in which they responded in ways they later wished had been different. Participants internally motivated to control prejudice reported discrepancies regardless of their external motivation, but even participants low on internal motivation reported prejudice-related discrepancies if they were externally motivated. Content analysis results are presented to summarize participants discrepancy experiences. Also, most participants discrepancies produced negative self-directed affect and the self-regulation of prejudice in the future. Findings suggest that self-regulation generalizes beyond the laboratory and occurs even among people who are not internally motivated to control their prejudice.

scholarly journals On the self-induction of electric currents in a thin anchor-ring

1912 ◽  
Vol 86 (590) ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
The Self ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Fourth Term ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Axis Of Symmetry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Circular Axis ◽  
Mutual Induction

In their useful compendium of "Formulæ and Tables for the Calculation of Mutual and Self-Inductance," Rosa And Cohen remark upon a small discrepancy in the formulæ given by myself and by M. Wien for the self-induction of a coil of circular cross-section over which the current is uniformly distributed . With omission of n , representative of the number of windings, my formula was L = 4 πa [ log 8 a / ρ - 7/4 + ρ 2 /8 a 2 (log 8 a / ρ + 1/3) ], (1) where ρ is the radius of the section and a that of the circular axis. The first two terms were given long before by Kirchhoff. In place of the fourth term within the bracket, viz., +1/24 ρ 2 / a 2 , Wien found -·0083 ρ 2 / a 2 . In either case a correction would be necessary in practice to take account of the space occupied by the insulation. Without, so far as I see, giving a reason, Rosa and Cohen express a preference for Wien's number. The difference is of no great importance, but I have thought it worth while to repeat the calculation and I obtain the same result as in 1881. A confirmation after 30 years, and without reference to notes, is perhaps almost as good as if it were independent. I propose to exhibit the main steps of the calculation and to make extension to some related problems. The starting point is the expression given by Maxwell for the mutual induction M between two neighbouring co-axial circuits. For the present purpose this requires transformation, so as to express the inductance in terms of the situation of the elementary circuits relatively to the circular axis. In the figure, O is the centre of the circular axis, A the centre of a section B through the axis of symmetry, and the position of any point P of the section is given by polar co-ordinates relatively to A, viz.

L'alterazione del tempo nella malinconia. Un indagine fenomenologica

PARADIGMI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Stefano Micali
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Eternal Recurrence ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Important Trend

- An important trend of psychiatric research views psychopathological symptoms as temporal disturbances. This essay is based on the assumption that melancholia/ depression primarily signifies an alteration of experience of time, essentially linked to an alteration of the ways in which the subjects experience their own body and how they relate to other people. The phenomenological approach allows us to understand how the melancholic person suffers a blocked future, how he/she is irrevocably marked by a past that never passes and how the present is experienced as an eternal recurrence of one and the same state.Key words: Phenomenology, Psychiatry, Melancholia, Depression, Time, Diachrony.Parole chiave: Fenomenologia, Psichiatria, Malinconia, Depressione, Tempo, Diacronia.

Introduction: Psychiatric Research and Extraordinary Science

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Research Domain

This chapter introduces the core thematic ideas of the present volume: that psychiatric research is in crisis, that it has entered a period of extraordinary science, and that a fully adequate response to the crisis should be responsive to the perspectives and interests of persons. We identify various sources of the crisis, drawing special attention to controversies concerning the role of the DSM in psychiatric research. And, we identify different strategies of response to the current crisis, including approaches that emphasize the importance of personal perspectives and the needs of the clinic and those that emphasize the important role of various scientific research programs. Further, we survey various developments (e.g., debates over fundamentals and a role for philosophical analysis, probing of the problems of the DSM framework, relaxation of standard forms of research practice, the introduction of the Research Domain Criteria initiative and other novel research programs) that are jointly suggestive of Thomas Kuhn’s characterization of periods of crisis that can arise in scientific research and of the “extraordinary science” that ensues. We suggest that this Kuhnian framework is useful for understanding the state of psychiatric research and it provides a framework for thinking about responses to the current crisis. We conclude with brief overviews of the contributions to the volume, each of which provides such a response.

Feminism and rethinking our models of the self

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Meehan
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Developmental Systems Theory ◽  
Developmental Systems ◽  
Starting Point

In this article I argue that Butler and Benhabib work with models of the self that should be jettisoned. Butler relies on what I call the outside-to-inside model, while Benhabib shuttles between an outside-to-inside and an inside-to-outside model. Because of the inherent limitations of these models neither can do what both authors set out to do, which is to describe the ontogeny of the self. I trace their discussions over the course of their writings and then propose that the notion of emergence that one finds in Developmental Systems Theory offers a much better starting point for account of the nature and development of the self.

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