What Is an Algorithm?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Finn
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cultural Tools ◽  
Effective Computability

This chapter defines the algorithm as a critical concept across four intellectual strands, beginning with its foundations in computer science and the notion of “effective computability.” The second strand considers cybernetics and ongoing debates about embodiment, abstraction, cognition, and information theory. The third explores magic and its overlap with symbolism, engaging with notions of software, “sourcery,” and the power of metaphors to represent reality. The fourth draws in the long history of technicity and humanity’s coevolution with our cultural tools. Synthesizing these threads, the chapter offers a definition of the algorithm as culture machine in the context of process and implementation, and closes with a summary of the essential facets of algorithmic reading and a brief glimpse of algorithmic imagination.

ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF INFORMATICS STUDIED AT SECONDARY SCHOOL

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
S. I. Zenko
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Definition Of

The article raises the problem of classification of the concepts of computer science and informatics studied at secondary school. The efficiency of creation of techniques of training of pupils in these concepts depends on its solution. The author proposes to consider classifications of the concepts of school informatics from four positions: on the cross-subject basis, the content lines of the educational subject "Informatics", the logical and structural interrelations and interactions of the studied concepts, the etymology of foreign-language and translated words in the definition of the concepts of informatics. As a result of the first classification general and special concepts are allocated; the second classification — inter-content and intra-content concepts; the third classification — stable (steady), expanding, key and auxiliary concepts; the fourth classification — concepts-nouns, conceptsverbs, concepts-adjectives and concepts — combinations of parts of speech.

(A review). BRAUN-BLANQUETIA. Recueil de travaux de geobotanique / review of geobotanical monographs. Vol. 46. Centenaire de la phytosociologie. CAMERINO, 2010. 423 p.

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
L. G. Naumova ◽  
V. B. Martynenko ◽  
S. M. Yamalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Date of «birth» of phytosociology (phytocenology) is considered to be 1910, when at the third International Botanical Congress in Brussels adopted the definition of plant association in the wording Including Flaó and K. Schröter (Flahault, Schröter, 1910; Alexandrov, 1969). The centenary of this momentous event in the history of phytocenology devoted to the 46th edition of the Yearbook «Braun-Blanquetia», which began to emerge in 1984 in Camerino (Italy) and it has a task to publish large geobotanical works. During the years of the publication of the Yearbook on its pages were published twice work of the Russian scientists — «The steppes of Mongolia» (Z. V. Karamysheva, V. N. Khramtsov. Vol. 17. 1995), and «Classification of continental hemiboreal forests of Northern Asia» (N. B. Ermakov in collaboration with English colleagues and J. Dring, J. Rodwell. Vol. 28. 2000).

Rock art as a source of the history of prehistory (An account to promote the understanding of prehistoric rock art)

Abgadiyat ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-35
Author(s):  
Hamdi Abbas Ahmed Abd-EI-Moniem
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Remote Past

Abstract Some may believe that the history of mankind begins with the appearance of writing only a few several thousands of years ago (cf. 4000-3000 BCE). Our history, however, extends beyond that date millions of years. The history of mankind, indeed, is deeply rooted in the remote past which is called 'prehistory'. With the lacking of any form of writing, this 'prehistoric' period can be examined directly solely by recourse to the study of archaeological remains. The purpose of this account is to introduce rock art to the readers and show the significant role of this sort of archaeological material in studying the history of mankind before the appearance of written records. The current work, therefore, is divided into three main sections: the first deals with definition of rock art and its nature; the second section is devoted to showing the significance of this aspect of material culture in exploring a long and mysterious period of the early history of man characterized by the complete absence of written records or historical documents; the third and last section, which is a vital and integral part of this work, comprises an explanatory pictorial record to promote the understanding of prehistoric rock art as a source of information needed for writing the history of prehistory.

scholarly journals Definitions of Evaluation Use and Misuse, Evaluation Influence, and Factors Affecting Use

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin C. Alkin ◽  
Jean A. King
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Use ◽  
Initial Stimulus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Evaluation Influence ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

The second article in this series on the history of evaluation use has three sections. The first and longest develops a functional definition of the term use, noting that a thorough definition of evaluation use includes the initial stimulus (i.e., evaluation findings or process), the user, the way people use the information, the aspect of the program considered, and the purpose. It then defines evaluation use’s unethical companion, misuse, detailing the distinction between the two. The second section briefly discusses a broadened concept of evaluation impact that expands to include evaluation influence. Finally, the third section summarizes the factors that research has shown to be related to evaluation use.

scholarly journals The Proposal of a Evolutionary Strategy Generating the Data Structures Based on a Horizontal Tree for the Tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Marek Żukowicz ◽  
Michał Markiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Object Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The aim of the article is to present a mathematical definition of the object model, that is known in computer science as TreeList and to show application of this model for design evolutionary algorithm, that purpose is to generate structures based on this object. The first chapter introduces the reader to the problem of presenting data using the TreeList object. The second chapter describes the problem of testing data structures based on TreeList. The third one shows a mathematical model of the object TreeList and the parameters, used in determining the utility of structures created through this model and in evolutionary strategy, that generates these structures for testing purposes. The last chapter provides a brief summary and plans for future research related to the algorithm presented in the article.

The Latin third stem and its survival in Romance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Maiden
Keyword(s):  
Romance Languages ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The implications of Aronoff’s classic example of a morphome—the Latin third stem—for the history of the Romance languages are considered; the third stem is shown to persist in Romance in the form of the past participle (also, in Romanian, in the supine) and to display truly ‘morphomic’ properties in diachrony. Some criticisms of the morphomic status of the third stem in Latin are reviewed. The significance of apparent counterexamples in Portuguese and elsewhere is considered. The diachronic data disclose a probably crucial distinction between derivational and inflexional domains in the definition of morphomic patterns. Such patterns reveal themselves as robust only within inflexional morphology, and it is suggested that perfect lexical identity between alternating word forms is crucial to the existence and persistence of morphomic patterns.

PERSONAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE HISTORY OF ACADEMIC ADVISING

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey W. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Academic Advising ◽  
State University ◽  
Professional Experiences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Final Interview ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Type Of Institution

The JOURNAL continues its series on the development of academic advising in higher education with the third installment of an interview with Dr. Harvey Wall, who began his career in clinical psychology in the early 1950s. In March 1986, Dr. Wall retired from his position as director of the Division of Undergraduate Studies (DUS), an advising unit at Penn State University that enrolls freshmen and sophomores exploring a variety of majors and advanced students seeking advising assistance with changes in their academic plans. Dr. Wall was the first director of DUS, which started in 1973 with 800 students. It now enrolls 4,000. In many ways Dr. Wall's professional experiences parallel the development of academic advising nationwide. For those new to advising, Dr. Wall's remembrances of things past, although personal and local, should provide powerful insights into the present status and procedures of advising, regardless of location or type of institution. This final interview with Dr. Wall is particularly significant, because he offers readers an extended definition of academic advising and his experienced views on how advising should look to the future.

scholarly journals Institutions: Uncertainty in Definition of the Term. A Brief Look at the History: 1890-1930

Equilibrium ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
Tamila Arnania-Kepuladze
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Historical School ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Wide Usage

Despite the fact that the significance of institutional economics is commonly recognized, the uncertainty of basic concepts of institutional economics – institutions – and its investigation sphere is widely mentioned today. The paper aims to trace the process of evolution in the understanding of the notion of institution, from its spontaneous mentions and pragmatic use of the so-called pre-institutional era to the desire to understand and to define the essence of the institution in the period of early institutionalism. Based on the analyses of appropriate literature, the paper tries to study how the term “institution” was understood at the three initial historical period of its usage. For this purpose, the first part of the paper analyses how the term “institution” was used at the start by religious figures in VII and XIII centuries and then by thinkers in XVII-XVIII centuries which are considered as a pre-history of the term “institution” wide usage. The second part of the study is focused on the investigation how the term was understood by immediate predecessors of institutional economics – German Historical School, and the third part of the paper investigates scholars-institutionalists’ efforts in the intellectual context on the period 1890-1930.

Cyberbullying

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-120
Author(s):  
Michelle F. Wright ◽  
Bridgette D. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sequential Designs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Academic Difficulties ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this literature review is to describe youths' involvement in cyberbullying. The term “youths” refers to individuals in elementary school, middle school, and high school. The chapter begins by providing a description of cyberbullying and the definition of cyberbullying. The next section describes the characteristics and risk factors associated with youths' involvement in cyberbullying. The third section focuses on the psychological, social, behavioral, and academic difficulties associated with youths' involvement in cyberbullying. The chapter concludes with recommendations for schools and parents as well as recommendations for future research. The chapter draws on research utilizing quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods, cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cross-sequential designs, and those from various disciplines, including psychology, communication, media studies, sociology, social work, and computer science.

3. The Third Reich’s world of camps

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Dan Stone
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Camps ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Camp System ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Nazi Camps

‘The Third Reich’s world of camps’ examines the history of the Nazi camp system, comparing labour camps devised to build the ‘racial community’ with concentration camps set up to exclude political opponents and eventually to eradicate unwanted others—‘asocials’ and then Jews. The SS concentration camps at Buchenwald, Dachau, and Sachsenhausen, which were designed to brutalize the inmates and at which death was common, can be distinguished from the death camps at Chełmno, Bełżec, Sobibór, and Treblinka. Exceptions were Majdanek and Auschwitz, which by 1942 combined the functions of concentration and death camps. The images and testimonies of the liberation of the Nazi camps have shaped our definition of concentration camps.

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