scholarly journals Bacteria herald a new era of gene editing

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Segal
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
New Era ◽  
Bacterial Rna ◽  
Human Genes

The demonstration that nucleases guided by bacterial RNA can disrupt human genes represents a landmark in the rapidly developing field of genome engineering.

The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9

Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 346 (6213) ◽  
pp. 1258096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Doudna ◽  
Emmanuelle Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Enzyme Mechanism ◽  
New Era ◽  
Bacterial Rna ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Discovery ◽  
The Way

The advent of facile genome engineering using the bacterial RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system in animals and plants is transforming biology. We review the history of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat) biology from its initial discovery through the elucidation of the CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme mechanism, which has set the stage for remarkable developments using this technology to modify, regulate, or mark genomic loci in a wide variety of cells and organisms from all three domains of life. These results highlight a new era in which genomic manipulation is no longer a bottleneck to experiments, paving the way toward fundamental discoveries in biology, with applications in all branches of biotechnology, as well as strategies for human therapeutics.

scholarly journals Gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 for the treatment of lung cancer

2016 ◽  
pp. 178-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health Area

In 2015, the journal Science chose CRISPR-Cas9 technology as the most important technological advance of science in the last years. This magazine announced the beginning of a new era of biotechnology in which it would be possible to edit, correct and modify the genetic information of any cell in a feasible, fast and cheap way; and most importantly, with high precision. Its implementation in research laboratories in basic and applied sciences could help to develop therapeutic strategies for the health area with the main objective of healing diseases with a known genetic origin, and that until now have been impossible to cure

CRISPR-Based Tools in Immunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitre R. Simeonov ◽  
Alexander Marson
Keyword(s):  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
New Era ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapies

CRISPR technology has opened a new era of genome interrogation and genome engineering. Discovered in bacteria, where it protects against bacteriophage by cleaving foreign nucleic acid sequences, the CRISPR system has been repurposed as an adaptable tool for genome editing and multiple other applications. CRISPR's ease of use, precision, and versatility have led to its widespread adoption, accelerating biomedical research and discovery in human cells and model organisms. Here we review CRISPR-based tools and discuss how they are being applied to decode the genetic circuits that control immune function in health and disease. Genetic variation in immune cells can affect autoimmune disease risk, infectious disease pathogenesis, and cancer immunotherapies. CRISPR provides unprecedented opportunities for functional mechanistic studies of coding and noncoding genome sequence function in immunity. Finally, we discuss the potential of CRISPR technology to engineer synthetic cellular immunotherapies for a wide range of human diseases.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Cas, a robust gene-editing technology in the era of modern cancer immunotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Miri ◽  
Elham Tafsiri ◽  
William Chi Shing Cho ◽  
Amir Ghaemi
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Adoptive Cell Transfer ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cas A

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has been emerged as a promising strategy for treatment of a broad spectrum of malignancies ranging from hematological to solid tumors. One of the principal approaches of cancer immunotherapy is transfer of natural or engineered tumor-specific T-cells into patients, a so called “adoptive cell transfer”, or ACT, process. Construction of allogeneic T-cells is dependent on the employment of a gene-editing tool to modify donor-extracted T-cells and prepare them to specifically act against tumor cells with enhanced function and durability and least side-effects. In this context, CRISPR technology can be used to produce universal T-cells, equipped with recombinant T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), through multiplex genome engineering using Cas nucleases. The robust potential of CRISPR-Cas in preparing the building blocks of ACT immunotherapy has broaden the application of such therapies and some of them have gotten FDA approvals. Here, we have collected the last investigations in the field of immuno-oncology conducted in partnership with CRISPR technology. In addition, studies that have addressed the challenges in the path of CRISPR-mediated cancer immunotherapy, as well as pre-treatment applications of CRISPR-Cas have been mentioned in detail.

scholarly journals Wet & Dry Lab Activities to Introduce Students to CRISPR-Based Gene Editing

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
David Wollert
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Word Processor ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
New Era ◽  
Cultured Human Cells ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Science Educators

CRISPR (also known as CRISPR-Cas9) is a powerful biotechnology tool that gives scientists unprecedented access to the genetic makeup of all living organisms, including humans. It originally evolved as an adaptive immune system in bacteria to defend against viruses. When artificially harnessed in the laboratory it allows scientists to accurately and precisely edit genes almost as if using a word processor. In mice, CRISPR has already been used to treat diabetes, muscular dystrophy, cancer, and blindness. CRISPR has made cultured human cells immune to HIV, and a variety of CRISPR experiments involving human embryos are well under way. But CRISPR is not limited to biomedical applications. It is also revolutionizing the food industry and many areas of biological research. It is imperative that science educators help prepare students for this compelling new era of biology. This article presents wet and dry lab simulations to help introduce high school and undergraduate students to CRISPR-based gene editing technology.

Advances in therapeutic application of CRISPR-Cas9

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyu Sun ◽  
Jianchu Wang ◽  
Donghui Zheng ◽  
Xiaorong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Efficient Gene

Abstract Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is one of the most versatile and efficient gene editing technologies, which is derived from adaptive immune strategies for bacteria and archaea. With the remarkable development of programmable nuclease-based genome engineering these years, CRISPR-Cas9 system has developed quickly in recent 5 years and has been widely applied in countless areas, including genome editing, gene function investigation and gene therapy both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9 tool in genome editing. More importantly, we review the recent therapeutic application of CRISPR-Cas9 in various diseases, including hematologic diseases, infectious diseases and malignant tumor. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and consider thoughtfully what advances are required in order to further develop the therapeutic application of CRISPR-Cas9 in the future.

scholarly journals Addressing the Challenges of Pathogen Evolution on the World’s Arable Crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1117-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Burdon ◽  
Jiasui Zhan ◽  
Luke G. Barrett ◽  
Julien Papaïx ◽  
Peter H. Thrall
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
New Era ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
The Many ◽  
Durable Disease Resistance

Advances in genomic and molecular technologies coupled with an increasing understanding of the fine structure of many resistance and infectivity genes, have opened up a new era of hope in controlling the many plant pathogens that continue to be a major source of loss in arable crops. Some new approaches are under consideration including the use of nonhost resistance and the targeting of critical developmental constraints. However, the major thrust of these genomic and molecular approaches is to enhance the identification of resistance genes, to increase their ease of manipulation through marker and gene editing technologies and to lock a range of resistance genes together in simply manipulable resistance gene cassettes. All these approaches essentially continue a strategy that assumes the ability to construct genetic-based resistance barriers that are insurmountable to target pathogens. Here we show how the recent advances in knowledge and marker technologies can be used to generate more durable disease resistance strategies that are based on broad evolutionary principles aimed at presenting pathogens with a shifting, landscape of fluctuating directional selection.

scholarly journals Automated design of CRISPR prime editors for thousands of human pathogenic variants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Morris ◽  
Jahan A. Rahman ◽  
Xinyi Guo ◽  
Neville E. Sanjana
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Automated Design ◽  
Common Variants ◽  
Therapeutic Gene ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Automated Pipeline

AbstractPrime editors (PEs) are CRISPR-based genome engineering tools that can introduce precise base-pair edits at specific locations in the genome. These programmable gene editors have been predicted to repair 89% of known human pathogenic variants in the ClinVar database, although these PE constructs do not presently exist. Towards this end, we developed an automated pipeline to correct (therapeutic editing) or introduce (disease modeling) human pathogenic variants that optimizes the design of several RNA constructs required for prime editing and avoids predicted off-targets in the human genome. However, using optimal PE design criteria, we find that only a small fraction of these pathogenic variants can be targeted. Through the use of alternative Cas9 enzymes and extended templates, we increase the number of targetable pathogenic variants to >50,000 variants and make these pre-designed PE constructs accessible through a web-based portal (http://primeedit.nygenome.org). Given the tremendous potential for therapeutic gene editing, we also assessed the possibility of developing universal PE constructs. By examining the overlap of different PE components with common human genetic variants in dbSNP, we find that common variants affect only a small minority of designed PEs.

scholarly journals First Report of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing in Castanea sativa Mill

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Pavese ◽  
Andrea Moglia ◽  
Elena Corredoira ◽  
Mª Teresa Martínez ◽  
Daniela Torello Marinoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
European Chestnut ◽  
Selection Medium

CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as the most important tool for genome engineering due to its simplicity, design flexibility, and high efficiency. This technology makes it possible to induce point mutations in one or some target sequences simultaneously, as well as to introduce new genetic variants by homology-directed recombination. However, this approach remains largely unexplored in forest species. In this study, we reported the first example of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in Castanea genus. As a proof of concept, we targeted the gene encoding phytoene desaturase (pds), whose mutation disrupts chlorophyll biosynthesis allowing for the visual assessment of knockout efficiency. Globular and early torpedo-stage somatic embryos of Castanea sativa (European chestnut) were cocultured for 5 days with a CRISPR/Cas9 construct targeting two conserved gene regions of pds and subsequently cultured on a selection medium with kanamycin. After 8 weeks of subculture on selection medium, four kanamycin-resistant embryogenetic lines were isolated. Genotyping of these lines through target Sanger sequencing of amplicons revealed successful gene editing. Cotyledonary somatic embryos were maturated on maltose 3% and cold-stored at 4°C for 2 months. Subsequently, embryos were subjected to the germination process to produce albino plants. This study opens the way to the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in European chestnut for biotechnological applications

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document