scholarly journals Brahma is essential for Drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation and regulated by Hippo signaling

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyun Jin ◽  
Jinjin Xu ◽  
Meng-Xin Yin ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Lianxin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Resistant Form ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Transcriptional Complex

Chromatin remodeling processes are among the most important regulatory mechanisms in controlling cell proliferation and regeneration. Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs) exhibit self-renewal potentials, maintain tissue homeostasis, and serve as an excellent model for studying cell growth and regeneration. In this study, we show that Brahma (Brm) chromatin-remodeling complex is required for ISC proliferation and damage-induced midgut regeneration in a lineage-specific manner. ISCs and enteroblasts exhibit high levels of Brm proteins; and without Brm, ISC proliferation and differentiation are impaired. Importantly, the Brm complex participates in ISC proliferation induced by the Scalloped–Yorkie transcriptional complex and that the Hippo (Hpo) signaling pathway directly restricted ISC proliferation by regulating Brm protein levels by inducing caspase-dependent cleavage of Brm. The cleavage resistant form of Brm protein promoted ISC proliferation. Our findings highlighted the importance of Hpo signaling in regulating epigenetic components such as Brm to control downstream transcription and hence ISC proliferation.

scholarly journals Regulating SWI/SNF Subunit Levels via Protein-Protein Interactions and Proteasomal Degradation: BAF155 and BAF170 Limit Expression of BAF57

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 9016-9027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguang Chen ◽  
Trevor K. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex ◽  
Exogenous Expression ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Enzyme Complexes

ABSTRACT The mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, whose function is of critical importance in transcriptional regulation, contains approximately 10 protein components. The expression levels of the core SWI/SNF subunits, including BRG1/Brm, BAF155, BAF170, BAF60, hSNF/Ini1, and BAF57, are stoichiometric, with few to no unbound molecules in the cell. Here we report that exogenous expression of the wild type or certain deletion mutants of BAF57, a key subunit that mediates the interaction between the remodeling complex and transcription factors, results in diminished expression of endogenous BAF57. This down-regulation process is mediated by an increase in proteasome-dependent degradation of the BAF57 protein. Furthermore, the protein levels of BAF155/170 dictate the maximum cellular amount of BAF57. We mapped the domains responsible for the interaction between BAF57 and BAF155 and demonstrated that protein-protein interactions between them play an important role in this regulatory process. These findings provide insights into the physiological mechanisms responsible for maintaining the proper stoichiometric levels of the protein components comprising multimeric enzyme complexes.

scholarly journals Beyond What Your Retina Can See: Similarities of Retinoblastoma Function between Plants and Animals, from Developmental Processes to Epigenetic Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4925
Author(s):  
Estephania Zluhan-Martínez ◽  
Vadim Pérez-Koldenkova ◽  
Martha Verónica Ponce-Castañeda ◽  
María de la Paz Sánchez ◽  
Berenice García-Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Control Cell Differentiation

The Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is a key cell cycle regulator conserved in a wide variety of organisms. Experimental analysis of pRb’s functions in animals and plants has revealed that this protein participates in cell proliferation and differentiation processes. In addition, pRb in animals and its orthologs in plants (RBR), are part of highly conserved protein complexes which suggest the possibility that analogies exist not only between functions carried out by pRb orthologs themselves, but also in the structure and roles of the protein networks where these proteins are involved. Here, we present examples of pRb/RBR participation in cell cycle control, cell differentiation, and in the regulation of epigenetic changes and chromatin remodeling machinery, highlighting the similarities that exist between the composition of such networks in plants and animals.

scholarly journals Differential regulation of the retinoblastoma family of proteins during cell proliferation and differentiation

1998 ◽  
Vol 333 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit GARRIGA ◽  
Ana LIMÓN ◽  
Xavier MAYOL ◽  
Sushil G. RANE ◽  
Jeffrey H. ALBRECHT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Pocket Protein ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

In the present study we have analysed the regulation of pocket protein expression and post-transcriptional modifications on cell proliferation and differentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. There are marked changes in pocket protein levels during these transitions, the most striking differences being observed between p130 and p107. The mechanisms responsible for regulating pocket protein levels seem to be dependent on both cell type and pocket protein, in addition to their dependence on the cell growth status. Changes in retinoblastoma protein and p107 levels are independent of their state of phosphorylation. However, whereas p130 phosphorylation to forms characteristic of quiescent/differentiated cells results in the accumulation of p130 protein, phosphorylation of p130 to one or more forms characteristic of cycling cells is accompanied by down-regulation of its protein levels. We also show here that the phosphorylation status and protein levels of p130 and p107 are regulated in vivo as in cultured cells. In vivo, changes in p130 forms are correlated with changes in E2F complexes. Moreover, the modulation of p130 and p107 status during cell differentiation in vitro is consistent with the patterns of protein expression and phosphorylation status found in mouse tissues. Thus in addition to the direct disruption of pocket protein/E2F complexes induced by cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase, the results we report here indicate that the differential modulation of pocket protein levels constitutes a major mechanism that regulates the pool of each pocket protein that is accessible to E2F and/or other transcription factors.

scholarly journals Loss of ZC4H2 and RNF220 Inhibits Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Promotes Neuronal Differentiation

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1600
Author(s):  
Longlong Zhang ◽  
Maosen Ye ◽  
Liang Zhu ◽  
Jingmei Cha ◽  
Chaocui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Proliferation ◽  
Neural Stem Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Ubiquitin E3 Ligase ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

The ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF220 and its co-factor ZC4H2 are required for multiple neural developmental processes through different targets, including spinal cord patterning and the development of the cerebellum and the locus coeruleus. Here, we explored the effects of loss of ZC4H2 and RNF220 on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from mouse embryonic cortex. We showed that loss of either ZC4H2 or RNF220 inhibits the proliferation and promotes the differentiation abilities of NSCs in vitro. RNA-Seq profiling revealed 132 and 433 differentially expressed genes in the ZC4H2−/− and RNF220−/− NSCs, compared to wild type (WT) NSCs, respectively. Specifically, Cend1, a key regulator of cell cycle exit and differentiation of neuronal precursors, was found to be upregulated in both ZC4H2−/− and RNF220−/− NSCs at the mRNA and protein levels. The targets of Cend1, such as CyclinD1, Notch1 and Hes1, were downregulated both in ZC4H2−/− and RNF220−/− NSCs, whereas p53 and p21 were elevated. ZC4H2−/− and RNF220−/− NSCs showed G0/G1 phase arrest compared to WT NSCs in cell cycle analysis. These results suggested that ZC4H2 and RNF220 are likely involved in the regulation of neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation through Cend1.

Chromatin Remodeling During Leukemia Cell Proliferation and Differentiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-122
Author(s):  
Rūta Navakauskienė ◽  
Dalius Navakauskas ◽  
Veronika Borutinskaitė ◽  
Dalius Matuzevičius
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

scholarly journals Oncogene c-MYC controls the expression of PHF10 subunit of PBAF chromatin remodeling complex in SW620 cell line

2019 ◽  
Vol 484 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-636
Author(s):  
Eu. V. Tatarskiy ◽  
G. P. Georgiev ◽  
N. V. Soshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Multiprotein Complex ◽  
Specific Component ◽  
Sw620 Cell ◽  
Myc Oncogene ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex ◽  
Eukaryotic Gene Expression ◽  
Eukaryotic Gene

The PBAF(SWI/SNF) multiprotein complex, which changes the chromatin structure, is widely involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. A specific component of this complex is the PHF10 protein, which is involved in recruiting this complex to chromatin. We showed that the PHF10 expression in cells of different lines is activated by the c-MYC oncogene. Since PHF10 stimulates cell proliferation, its c-MYC-dependent activation in cancer cells should lead to an increase in their proliferation rate.

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