scholarly journals Sexual transmission of murine papillomavirus (MmuPV1) in Mus musculus

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E Spurgeon ◽  
Paul F Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Model Animal

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common sexually transmitted infectious agents. Because of the species specificity of HPVs, study of their natural transmission in laboratory animals is not possible. The papillomavirus, MmuPV1, which infects laboratory mice (Mus musculus), can cause infections in the female cervicovaginal epithelium of immunocompetent mice that progress to cancer. Here, we provide evidence that MmuPV1 is sexually transmitted in unmanipulated, immunocompetent male and female mice. Female 'donor' mice experimentally infected with MmuPV1 in their lower reproductive tract were housed with unmanipulated male mice. The male mice were then transferred to cages holding 'recipient' female mice. One third of the female recipient mice acquired cervicovaginal infections. Prolonged infections were verified by histopathology and in situ hybridization analyses of both male and recipient female mice at the study endpoint. These findings indicate that MmuPV1 is a new model animal papillomavirus with which to study sexually transmission of papillomaviruses.

scholarly journals From Mosquito Bites to Sexual Transmission: Evaluating Mouse Models of Zika Virus Infection

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2244
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Balint ◽  
Amelia Montemarano ◽  
Emily Feng ◽  
Ali A. Ashkar
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male To Female

Following the recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections in Latin America, ZIKV has emerged as a global health threat due to its ability to induce neurological disease in both adults and the developing fetus. ZIKV is largely mosquito-borne and is now endemic in many parts of Africa, Asia, and South America. However, several reports have demonstrated persistent ZIKV infection of the male reproductive tract and evidence of male-to-female sexual transmission of ZIKV. Sexual transmission may broaden the reach of ZIKV infections beyond its current geographical limits, presenting a significant threat worldwide. Several mouse models of ZIKV infection have been developed to investigate ZIKV pathogenesis and develop effective vaccines and therapeutics. However, the majority of these models focus on mosquito-borne infection, while few have considered the impact of sexual transmission on immunity and pathogenesis. This review will examine the advantages and disadvantages of current models of mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted ZIKV and provide recommendations for the effective use of ZIKV mouse models.

scholarly journals The safety of tea agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) from tree induction through test of toxicity subchronic oral 90 days

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
RIDWANTI BATUBARA ◽  
SURJANTO SURJANTO ◽  
TAHAN MANGARANAP SIHOMBING ◽  
HERAWATY GINTING
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Repeated Doses ◽  
Histopathological Results

Batubara R, Surjanto, Sihombing TM, Ginting H. 2016. The safety of tea agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) from tree induction throuht test of toxicity subcronic oral 90 days. Biofarmasi 14: 69-76. Subchronic toxicity test is a test to detect the toxic effect that arises after the administration of the test reparation with repeated doses were given orally to the tested animal for 28 or 90 days. Leaves agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) is a tree from a tribe Thymeleaceae, already started popular used the farmer agarwood in Langkat as a drink that in pour. The result of an interview with the farmer agarwood explained that consume tea from the leaves agarwood of this kind of have many benefits include improve canal. To that was done the research security against the tea leaves agarwood induction taken from agriculture agarwood in Langkat, Sumatera North through test toxic subchronic oral. This study aims to determine the symptoms of toxic posed by product tea agarwood induction. This study used laboratory animals that male mice and female mice were divided into 5 groups, namely the 130, 260, 390, 520 mg/kgBW and the control group. The observation of clinical symptoms indicate the presence of toxic symptoms of weakness, changes in fur and agitated at doses of 390 and 520 mg/kgBW in male mice and female mice, the observation macropathology organs alloxan still normal the red-brown, the surface of slippery and consistency chewy. Histopathological results showed hemoglia and dilation of the blood vessels in all groups. Results showed that mice were given tea steeping agarwood induction doses ranging from 130, 260,390 and 520 mg/kgBW there are no mice died, so it can be concluded that the administration of agarwood tea steeping in mice does not cause toxic symptoms and safe for consumption.

Sexual transmission of a nematode parasite of Wood Mice (Apodemus sylvaticus)?

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. CLARKE ◽  
T. J. C. ANDERSON ◽  
C. BANDI
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Apodemus Sylvaticus ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Wood Mice

Sexual transmission occurs commonly in microparasites such as viruses and bacteria, but this is an unusual transmission route for macroparasites. Here we present evidence which suggests that a nematode parasite of Wood Mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) may be sexually transmitted and we have classified the nematode using molecular data. Wood Mice were collected annually in the course of work on their reproductive physiology. Larval nematodes were found in the epididymides of 19·6% of males. It seems likely that they would be transmitted to females at ejaculation. To identify these larval nematodes, which we were unable to do using morphological features, we sequenced the 18S rDNA. Sequence comparisons with the molecular phylogeny of Blaxteret al. (1998) demonstrated that they were bursate nematodes (Order Strongylida). The relationships between strongylid taxa were poorly resolved by 18S rDNA. However, both distance and parsimony analyses grouped the nematode with the superfamily Metastrongylidea in a clade containingFilaroidesandAngiostrongylussp. Importantly, the sequences were distinct from those ofHeligmosomoides polygyrusandAngiostrongylus dujardini, two common strongylid nematodes ofApodemus. We were therefore unable positively to identify these worms by matching their sequences with those from morphologically identifiable adult strongylid nematodes infectingApodemus. These results demonstrate that an as yet unidentified strongylid is quite commonly found in large numbers in the male reproductive tract of Wood Mice. Further work is required to understand the biology and transmission dynamics of this interesting system.

scholarly journals Oestradiol transmission from males to females in the context of the Bruce and Vandenbergh effects in mice (Mus musculus)

Reproduction ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C Guzzo ◽  
Jihwan Jheon ◽  
Faizan Imtiaz ◽  
Denys deCatanzaro
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Blastocyst Implantation ◽  
Bladder Urine

Male mice actively direct their urine at nearby females, and this urine reliably contains unconjugated oestradiol (E2) and other steroids. Giving inseminated females minute doses of exogenous E2, either systemically or intranasally, can cause failure of blastocyst implantation. Giving juvenile females minute doses of exogenous E2 promotes measures of reproductive maturity such as uterine mass. Here we show that tritium-labelled E2 (3H-E2) can be traced from injection into novel male mice to tissues of cohabiting inseminated and juvenile females. We show the presence of 3H-E2 in male excretions, transmission to the circulation of females and arrival in the female reproductive tract. In males, 3H-E2 given systemically was readily found in reproductive tissues and was especially abundant in bladder urine. In females, 3H-E2 was found to enter the system via both nasal and percutaneous routes, and was measurable in the uterus and other tissues. As supraoptimal E2 levels can both interfere with blastocyst implantation in inseminated females and promote uterine growth in juvenile females, we suggest that absorption of male-excreted E2 can account for major aspects of the Bruce and Vandenbergh effects.

scholarly journals Mus musculus Papillomavirus 1: a New Frontier in Animal Models of Papillomavirus Pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Spurgeon ◽  
Paul F. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Oncogenic Potential ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Experimental Use

ABSTRACT Animal models of viral pathogenesis are essential tools in human disease research. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a significant public health issue due to their widespread sexual transmission and oncogenic potential. Infection-based models of papillomavirus pathogenesis have been complicated by their strict species and tissue specificity. In this Gem, we discuss the discovery of a murine papillomavirus, Mus musculus papillomavirus 1 (MmuPV1), and how its experimental use represents a major advancement in models of papillomavirus-induced pathogenesis/carcinogenesis, and their transmission.

scholarly journals Barriers of Mucosal Entry of HIV/SIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Carias ◽  
Thomas J. Hope
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
And Function

Most new HIV infections, over 80%, occur through sexual transmission. During sexual transmission, the virus must bypass specific female and male reproductive tract anatomical barriers to encounter viable target cells. Understanding the generally efficient ability of these barriers to exclude HIV and the precise mechanisms of HIV translocation beyond these genital barriers is essential for vaccine and novel therapeutic development. In this review, we explore the mucosal, barriers of cervico-vaginal and penile tissues that comprise the female and male reproductive tracts. The unique cellular assemblies of the squamous and columnar epithelium are illustrated highlighting their structure and function. Each anatomical tissue offers a unique barrier to virus entry in healthy individuals. Unfortunately barrier dysfunction can lead to HIV transmission. How these diverse mucosal barriers have the potential to fail is considered, highlighting those anatomical areas that are postulated to offer a weaker barrier and are; therefore, more susceptible to viral ingress. Risk factors, such as sexually transmitted infections, microbiome dysbiosis, and high progestin environments are also associated with increased acquisition of HIV. How these states may affect the integrity of mucosal barriers leading to HIV acquisition are discussed suggesting mechanisms of transmission and revealing potential targets for intervention.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Horizontal and Vertical Sexual Transmission ofChlamydiaGenital Infections in a New Mouse Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukumar Pal ◽  
Delia F. Tifrea ◽  
Luis M. de la Maza
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Infected Male ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Swab Specimen

ABSTRACTChlamydia trachomatisis the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen worldwide, and there is a need to control this epidemic. So far there is no established animal model in which both the horizontal and the vertical transmission ofChlamydiacan be studied. To implement a horizontal sexual transmission model, male mice were inoculated in the meatus urethra withChlamydia muridarumand they were caged with naive female mice. Urine and vaginal swab specimens were collected for culture. To study vertical transmission, newborns were euthanized and specimens were cultured. As controls, females were mated with sham-infected male mice. AllC. muridarum-inoculated male mice had positive urine cultures. As determined by serology, all females caged withC. muridarum-inoculated males became infected, and 93% of them had positive vaginal swab specimen cultures. More females mated withC. muridarum-infected male mice (35%) than females mated with sham-infected male mice (0%) were infertile (P < 0.05). Also,C. muridarum-infected females delivered significantly fewer pups (3.8 ± 3.2/mouse) than control females (6.3 ± 1.6/mouse) (P < 0.05). Of the newborn mice, 32% wereC. muridarumpositive either in the lungs or in the intestines. Female mice housed with sham-infected males had no positive vaginal swab specimen cultures orC. muridarum-positive pups. This new mouse model of horizontal and vertical sexual transmission ofChlamydiaclosely parallelsC. trachomatissexual transmission in humans and may be a good model system to better understand the pathogenesis of these infections.

Papillomavirus infection and reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Vladislav I. Krasnopolsky ◽  
Nina V. Zarochentseva ◽  
Ksenia V. Krasnopolskaya ◽  
Yulia N. Bashankaeva ◽  
Varvara S. Kuzmicheva
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Trophoblastic Cells ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of the review a synthesis of research data on the role of human papillomavirus infection in the reproductive health of women and men. Key Points. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, HPV is the main cause of the development of HPV-associated diseases among both women and men. Viruses are subdivided into HPV with low carcinogenic risk, which cause benign warts, and HPV with high carcinogenic risk, which cause cancer. Different types of human papillomaviruses depending on their characteristic tropism, are divided into skin and mucous types. Viral infection in men leads to a decrease in the quality of sperm (for example, asthenozoospermia) due to apoptosis in sperm cells and due to the development of antisperm immunity. A negative viral effect on the fertility of women is manifested in an increase in the frequency of spontaneous miscarriages and a premature rupture of the amniotic membranes during pregnancy. There is evidence that HPV decreases the number of trophoblastic cells and abnormal trophoblastic-endometrial adhesion is also observed. In trophoblastic cells transfected with high-risk HPV, the level of apoptosis increases. HPV vaccination is safe, and the results show not only protection against HPV-associated diseases in women and men, but also a reduction of gestational complications, reduced preterm birth rates and the protection of newborns from infection.

Enhanced reproductive toxicities induced by phthalates contaminated microplastics in male mice (Mus musculus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 124644
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Deng ◽  
Zehua Yan ◽  
Ruqin Shen ◽  
Yichao Huang ◽  
Hongqiang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Male Mice

scholarly journals Differences in acidosis-stimulated renal ammonia metabolism in the male and female kidney

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (4) ◽  
pp. F890-F905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Autumn N. Harris ◽  
Hyun-Wook Lee ◽  
Lijuan Fang ◽  
Jill W. Verlander ◽  
I. David Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Ammonia Metabolism ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Predominant Component ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Acid Loading

Renal ammonia excretion is a critical component of acid-base homeostasis, and changes in ammonia excretion are the predominant component of increased net acid excretion in response to metabolic acidosis. We recently reported substantial sex-dependent differences in basal ammonia metabolism that correlate with sex-dependent differences in renal structure and expression of key proteins involved in ammonia metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of sex on the renal ammonia response to an exogenous acid load. We studied 4-mo-old C57BL/6 mice. Ammonia excretion, which was less in male mice under basal conditions, increased in response to acid loading to a greater extent in male mice, such that maximal ammonia excretion did not differ between the sexes. Fundamental structural sex differences in the nonacid-loaded kidney persisted after acid loading, with less cortical proximal tubule volume density in the female kidney than in the male kidney, whereas collecting duct volume density was greater in the female kidney. To further investigate sex-dependent differences in the response to acid loading, we examined the expression of proteins involved in ammonia metabolism. The change in expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and Rh family B glycoprotein with acid loading was greater in male mice than in female mice, whereas Na+-K+-2Cl– cotransporter and inner stripe of the outer medulla intercalated cell Rh family C glycoprotein expression were significantly greater in female mice than in male mice. There was no significant sex difference in glutamine synthetase, Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3, or electrogenic Na+-bicarbonate cotransporter 1 variant A protein expression in response to acid loading. We conclude that substantial sex-dependent differences in the renal ammonia response to acid loading enable a similar maximum ammonia excretion response.

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