scholarly journals Sykepleieforskning i rurale områder i Norge; en scoping review

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Eidesen De Smedt ◽  
Grete Mehus
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Rural Context

In Norway, many areas can be classified as rural on climatic, geographic or demographic grounds. The rural context means that nurses and patients face circumstances and situations that are different, or do not occur in urban areas. The aim of this study was to identify existing research literature to ascertain what is known about nursing in rural areas of Norway. Scoping review, following Arksey and O`Malley`s methodological framework was used. A total of 111 articles were identified from searching five databases, twenty articles were included. This study gives an overview of rural descriptions and also provides a geographic presentation of areas categorized as rural in existing Norwegian nursing research. Only eight of the twenty articles described the rural context. The lack of descriptions makes it difficult to compare and conclude on causal relationships in the field. Increased awareness and more research into challenges that confront patients and nurses in rural settings in Norway is needed.

scholarly journals Smear Positive Tuberculosis Cases in Rajshahi District A Comparison Between Rural and Urban Areas

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
W Wasim Hussain ◽  
M Azizul Haque ◽  
Laila Shamima Sharmin ◽  
ARM Saifuddin Ekram ◽  
M Fazlur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Case Detection Rate ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
The City

This study was designed to know the case finding of sputum smear positive tuberculosis in Rajshahi district and also to see whether case finding was different in urban and rural settings. Our study reveals that case finding rate of smear positive tuberculosis cases in the city corporation area and rural areas of Rajshahi district are 52% and 28% respectively. Case detection rate of total Rajshahi district was 33%. Stronger efforts are needed to reach the national target of detecting 70% new smear positive TB cases by the end of 2005.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i2.3456   TAJ 2004; 17(2): 104-105

Dating Violence Among Rural Adolescents: Perpetration and Victimization by Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097161
Author(s):  
Sarah Taylor ◽  
Yan Xia
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Rural Context

Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a serious concern with various negative impacts on adolescent development. Research on ADV has predominantly been conducted in urban areas and has generally focused on physical and sexual forms of violence. The purpose of this study was to assess prevalence rates of various forms of ADV by gender in the rural context. A convenience sample of rural adolescents responded to an online survey. In total, 131 responses were used for this study. Participants reported perpetration and victimization experiences of physical abuse, sexual abuse, threatening behavior, relational aggression, verbal abuse, and cyber dating abuse. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were used to determine gender differences in proportion and frequency of ADV. Results reveal that various forms of ADV are occurring in the rural context, with many of both males and females reporting perpetration and victimization. Overall, verbal and cyber ADV are the most common. Gender analysis reveals that males were significantly more likely to be victimized by physical abuse victimization, whereas females were significantly more likely to be victimized by sexual abuse. Though the proportion of adolescents reporting ADV were high in this study, most participants reported lower frequencies of ADV. Results support the urgent need in rural areas for education and prevention that target physical, sexual, and psychological components of healthy relationships. Rural dating violence prevention efforts must emphasize the importance of mutual respect across gender, rather than solely presenting this lesson to males in a traditional gendered manner. Results also suggest the need for rural areas to adopt comprehensive sex education that details sexual relationships that are consensual and healthy.

scholarly journals What is known about the role of rural-urban residency in relation to self-management in people affected by cancer who have completed primary treatment? A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nelson ◽  
Ian McGonagle ◽  
Christine Jackson ◽  
Ros Kane
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Purpose Despite wide acknowledgement of differences in levels of support and health outcomes between urban and rural areas, there is a lack of research that explicitly examines these differences in relation to self-management in people affected by cancer following treatment. This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature that examines self-management in people affected by cancer who were post-treatment from rural and urban areas. Methods Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for conducting a scoping review was utilised. Keyword searches were performed in the following: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Supplementary searching activities were also conducted. Results A total of 438 articles were initially retrieved and 249 duplicates removed leaving 192 articles that were screened by title, abstract and full text. Nine met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. They were published from 2011 to 2018 and conducted in the USA (n = 6), Australia (n = 2) and Canada (n = 1). None of the studies offered insight into self-managing cancer within a rural-urban context in the UK. Studies used qualitative (n = 4), mixed methods (n = 4) and quantitative designs (n = 1). Conclusion If rural and urban populations define their health in different ways as some of the extant literature suggests, then efforts to support self-management in both populations will need to be better informed by robust evidence given the increasing focus on patient-centred care. It is important to consider if residency can be a predictor of as well as a barrier or facilitator to self-management.

A Note on the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Outsider Assistance Programs in Rural versus Non-Rural States

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Chrisman ◽  
Elizabeth Gatewood ◽  
Leo B. Donlevy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Policies And Programs

Although numerous countries have developed policies and programs to encourage entrepreneurial behavior in rural areas, there have been few attempts to compare the performance of entrepreneurial development programs in rural versus non rural settings. The existing literature led us to expect that such programs will be more efficient and effective in urban areas. However, in this study, virtually no significant relationships were found between urban and rural states—defined by the proportion of the population living in non-metropolitan counties—on the variables used to measure the performance of an entrepreneurship development program. This suggests that the need for special programs tailored to rural entrepreneurs deserves further, more critical, evaluation.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms and Healthy Behavior Frequency in Polish Postmenopausal Women from Urban and Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2967
Author(s):  
Mariusz Gujski ◽  
Dorota Raczkiewicz ◽  
Ewa Humeniuk ◽  
Beata Sarecka-Hujar ◽  
Artur Wdowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Behavior Frequency

The objective of this study was to determine whether the severity of depressive symptoms was linked to healthy behaviors in Polish postmenopausal women and whether the strength of the link differed between women living in urban versus rural settings. The study was conducted in 2018 in the Lublin region of Poland and included 396 postmenopausal women (239 living in rural areas and 157 in urban areas). The severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the frequency of healthy behaviors was assessed using the Inventory of Healthy Behaviors. Postmenopausal women living in rural areas underwent menopause significantly earlier, were more often widowed, more often obese, more often less educated, and less likely to have never married when compared to those living in urban areas. Importantly, rural postmenopausal women endorsed more depressive symptoms (p = 0.049). There was a negative correlation between the severity of depressive symptoms and age in urban postmenopausal women (r = −0.174, p = 0.029), but this was not evident in rural women (r = −0.034, p = 0.600). The frequency of healthy behaviors was significantly lower in rural postmenopausal women, especially with respect to nutritional habits. A positive correlation was found between the frequency of healthy behaviors and the level of education in both sets of women (p = 0.034 and p = 0.045, respectively). To summarize, we found a significant link between healthy behaviors and depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women. We also found that this link was more evident in rural than in urban women.

scholarly journals Under-Utilization of Maternal-Child Healthcare Services and Adverse Outcomes of Unwanted Pregnancies in Urban and Rural Areas of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
Yunisa Astiarani ◽  
◽  
Maybelline . ◽  
Giovani I.G. Putri ◽  
Nur Fitriah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Child Healthcare ◽  
Maternal Child

The study examines the association of unwanted pregnancy and the utilization of maternal-child health services, and the adverse health outcomes in urban and rural settings. The study employed data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey that included 13,806 live births; the mothers were not pregnant at the interview and were married participants. The multiple logistic regression analysis concerning residential areas was conducted separately to compare outcomes related to unwanted pregnancy. Non-standard antenatal care visits (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.2–2.4), prolonged labor (AOR=1.6; 95% CI=1.2–2.1), the absence of child’s birth documentation (AOR=1.3; 95% CI=1.0–1.6), and smaller baby size (AOR=1.2; 95% CI=1.0–1.4) are associated with unwanted pregnancy in urban areas. In rural settings, on the other hand, unwanted pregnancy is associated with non-standard antenatal care (AOR=1.6; 95% CI=1.2–2.2). Therefore, in Indonesia, urban areas lack maternal-child healthcare services utilization and higher adverse events due to unwanted pregnancy than rural areas. An adjustment approach is required in maternal-child health-related programs in both areas, particularly for women living in urban.

Abstract WP247: Use and Importance of Emergency Medical Services in Rural Delivery of tPA in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A Scott ◽  
Cemal B Sozener ◽  
Benjamin D Hume ◽  
William J Meurer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Rural Patients

Introduction: Data indicate approximately 60% of stroke patients use Emergency Medical Systems (EMS) to access medical care. EMS use is associated with improved door to physician and CT times in stroke treatment. Rural areas, however, may have limited EMS access and its use and impact on tPA delivery in this setting is unknown. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that EMS use in tPA treated stroke patients would be lower in rural areas compared to urban areas. We also examined important time intervals between groups. Methods: Prospective, observational study using previously collected data from 24 randomly selected Michigan community hospitals in the INSTINCT stroke trial. Hospitals were identified a priori as urban or rural using two models to account for varying rural definitions. Model 1 defined rural hospitals as those outside a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Model 2 used hospitals outside a major Urban Area (UA > 150 square miles). Descriptive statistics presented; Student’s t and X 2 tests used in the comparisons. Results: All 557 patients treated with tPA for AIS from 2007 - 2010 were included in the analysis. 82% [95% CI: 79%-85%] used EMS to access stroke care. Patients in both urban and rural groups had similar demographics. EMS transport times were significantly longer for rural patients in both models. Model 2, with a more restrictive geographic definition of a rural hospital, identified a significant reduction in EMS use in rural patients compared to the urban group. See Table. Conclusions: Overall EMS use among stroke patients receiving tPA was substantially higher than previously reported in the general stroke population. Lower EMS use in rural settings, however, was confirmed in the restrictive model. EMS transport times were longer in the rural setting, likely reflecting greater travel distances. EMS level interventions to improve tPA delivery would reach a large majority of treated patients in both urban and rural settings.

scholarly journals Prominence of Improved Cook Stove (ICS) in Rural Area: End-Users Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Gopal Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
End Users ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Theoretical Assumption ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Cultural Feminism

Improved cook stove (ICS) indicates improved form of traditional cook stove. It is more effective, efficient and safer to use. ICS is popular in rural villages of Nepal as a new innovation of clean cooking mechanism. To explore the end users views about the prominence of ICS in rural settings of urban areas, this study is conducted as the title of prominence of improved cook stove in rural areas: end-users perspectives. It is based on the theoretical assumption of cultural feminism. It employs exploratory research design and is based on both primary and secondary sources of data. The study revealed that there is high prominence of ICS in rural farm based society in Nepal. Women are end-users of ICS. Through women perspectives, health and sanitation; easy operation; time and resource saver; low maintenance are its major prominence. ICS helps to reduce the untiring busy schedule of women in household activities. It suggests that concerned authorities should make effective institutional frameworks to empower women in their homeland by optimum utilization of leisure time made possible by the use of ICS.

What Are the Characteristics of the Parish Nursing Research Literature and How Can it Inform Parish Nurse Practice and Research in Canada? A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 084456212110673
Author(s):  
Elsie Millerd ◽  
Andrea Fisher ◽  
Jeanne M. Lambert ◽  
Kathryn A. Pfaff
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Parish Nursing ◽  
Parish Nurses ◽  
Parish Nurse

Background Parish nursing is a specialized branch of professional nursing that promotes health and healing by integrating body, mind and spirit as a practice model. Parish nurses contribute to the Canadian nursing workforce by promoting individual and community health and acting as system navigators. Research related to parish nursing practice has not been systematically collated and evaluated. Purpose This review seeks to explore, critically appraise and synthesize the parish nurse (PN) research literature for its breadth and gaps, and to provide recommendations for PN practice and research. Methods A scoping review was conducted using Levac and colleagues’ procedures and Arksey and O’Malley's enhanced framework. The CINAHL, ProQuest and PubMed databases were comprehensively searched for original research published between 2008 and 2020. The final sample includes 43 articles. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to critically assess literature quality. Results There is a significant gap in PN research from Canada and non-U.S. countries. Methodological quality is varied with weak overall reporting. The literature is categorized under three thematic areas: (1) practice roles of the PN, (2) role implementation, and (3) program evaluation research. Research that evaluates health promotion program interventions is prominent. Conclusions More rigorous research methods and the use of reporting checklists are needed to support evidence-informed parish nursing practice. Building relationships among parish nurses, nursing researchers and universities could advance parish nursing research and improve evidence-based parish nursing practice. Research into the cost effectiveness, healthcare outcomes, and the economic value of PN practice is needed.

Implementing Play Streets in Low-Income Rural Communities in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483992095722
Author(s):  
Keshia M. Pollack Porter ◽  
Christina N. Bridges Hamilton ◽  
M. Renée Umstattd Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Play ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Temporary Closure

Play streets involve the temporary closure of streets that for a specified time create a safe place for active play. Play streets have been implemented primarily in cities; it is unknown if they could be adapted and implemented in rural areas. To learn about implementation, core components of play streets and inform adaptation, we conducted systematic peer-reviewed and grey literature searches and interviews with a purposive sample of key informants. Data were analyzed by theme and used to inform implementation of play streets by four community organizations in low-income rural areas of Maryland, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas from June to September 2017. Core elements of play streets in urban areas were present in rural settings—the content (e.g., activities offered), delivery of the intervention in partnership with community members and local organizations, and reoccurrence of play streets at a single location. There were three key adaptations relating to delivery and context to consider uniquely when implementing play streets in rural areas (1) using locations other than streets, (2) varying locations to account for geographic dispersion, and (3) maximizing participation and resources by coupling play streets with community events. Play streets can be successfully implemented in rural settings with these modifications, which support feasibility, reach, and access. Play streets in rural areas should include activities for active play that are age-appropriate and fun, without necessarily tailoring content for rural areas.

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