scholarly journals Recalling the Past in Postcolonial Drama: From Counter-History to Sociopolitical Redress

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Imad M. Khawaldeh ◽  
Baker Bani-Khair ◽  
Nisreen Al-Khawaldeh
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Function ◽  
Colonial Histories

Through examining the texts of Ama Ata Aidoo's  play Anowa (1970), Jack Davis's play Kullark (or Home)(1979), and Dennis Scott's play An Echo in the Bone (1974); this paper  shows how postcolonial drama functions as an effective means for exploring occluded pre-colonial and colonial periods through constructing alternative histories that both refract the official accounts of the colonialist history and redress or treat contemporary societal and political exclusions. To this end, the researchers argue that the counter-discursive/ counter-historical task of many historical postcolonial dramas is to reconstruct their histories in a way that confirms the essential socio-political function of such plays. In this sense, a conscious linkage is being made between contemporary post-colonial communities and their past pre-colonial and colonial histories. 

scholarly journals Placing automobility in postcolonial cities: Towards an ontology of a displaced past

2022 ◽  
pp. 002252662110702
Author(s):  
Govind Gopakumar
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
Colonial Histories ◽  
Usable Past ◽  
The City

The mobility turn offers a rich terrain for research to investigate the exercise of politics and power in movement through attention to associated meanings and practices. Despite this, the ontologies that can anchor this research within a historical imagination remains largely uncharted. Happily for us, coming from the opposite direction history, and especially the field of transport history, has grappled with mobilizing history in the face of the mobility turn. Several scholars have offered “usable past” as a mode of mobilizing mobility cultures of the past to inform policy actors about future choices. But is the ontology of a usable past appropriate for countries enmeshed within pre/post/colonial histories of displacement in their society and culture? Employing a case of automobilization in the city of Bengaluru in India, this paper sketches an exposition of the “displaced past” in sedimented residues that continues to live and contest the enterprise of automobility.

Vietnamese Historical Writing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pelley
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
East Asian ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Southern State ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Political Function ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
North Vietnam

This chapter demonstrates how the process of decolonization and the ensuing separation of Vietnam into a northern and southern state as part of the Cold War in Asia led to different types of history-writing. In both Vietnamese regimes, the writing of history had to serve the state, and in both countries historians emphasized its political function. Whereas North Vietnam located itself in an East Asian and Marxist context, historians of South Vietnam positioned it within a Southeast Asian setting and took a determinedly anti-communist position. After 1986—over a decade after reunification—with past tensions now relaxed, the past could be revaluated more openly under a reformist Vietnamese government that now also permitted much greater interaction with foreign historians.

scholarly journals Multi-Task Optimization and Multi-Task Evolutionary Computation in the Past Five Years: A Brief Review

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Qingzheng Xu ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Qian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Computation ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Evolution Algorithms ◽  
Application Fields

Traditional evolution algorithms tend to start the search from scratch. However, real-world problems seldom exist in isolation and humans effectively manage and execute multiple tasks at the same time. Inspired by this concept, the paradigm of multi-task evolutionary computation (MTEC) has recently emerged as an effective means of facilitating implicit or explicit knowledge transfer across optimization tasks, thereby potentially accelerating convergence and improving the quality of solutions for multi-task optimization problems. An increasing number of works have thus been proposed since 2016. The authors collect the abundant specialized literature related to this novel optimization paradigm that was published in the past five years. The quantity of papers, the nationality of authors, and the important professional publications are analyzed by a statistical method. As a survey on state-of-the-art of research on this topic, this review article covers basic concepts, theoretical foundation, basic implementation approaches of MTEC, related extension issues of MTEC, and typical application fields in science and engineering. In particular, several approaches of chromosome encoding and decoding, intro-population reproduction, inter-population reproduction, and evaluation and selection are reviewed when developing an effective MTEC algorithm. A number of open challenges to date, along with promising directions that can be undertaken to help move it forward in the future, are also discussed according to the current state. The principal purpose is to provide a comprehensive review and examination of MTEC for researchers in this community, as well as promote more practitioners working in the related fields to be involved in this fascinating territory.

SPECIAL ARTICLE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-672
Author(s):  
THOMAS H. LANMAN
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Surgical Service ◽  
Open Thoracotomy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Heavy Mortality

IT IS a great honor to be asked to present the first William E. Ladd Lecture before the American Academy of Pediatrics. This I appreciate and as this is the first lecture in my former Chief's honor, I shall devote my time more to Doctor Ladd and what he accomplished during his long and devoted service as Chief of the Surgical Service of the Boston Children's Hospital than to the presentation of anything new. In these days of great changes in the surgical field, it is very easy to overlook or even to forget the good things that were done in the past. I said "changes" rather than advances for some of the changes of today are not advances. It is easier to appreciate the extraordinary widening in the field of surgical endeavor that has been made possible by improvements in pre- and postoperative care, anesthesia, and the more effective means to combat infection than it is to remember what was done in a previous generation without such new and valuable aids. When I began my service at the Boston Children's Hospital in 1919, most of the deaths on the Surgical Service were caused by infection. Long surgical procedures involving an open thoracotomy were impossible. Prolonged operations on the gastrointestinal tract carried a heavy mortality largely because of our lack of knowledge of fluid balance. In those earlier days, an operation that exceeded an hour in length was considered to be entering a very dangerous phase. It is well, however, to review some of the types of cases done in those days and to keep in mind that the basic principles one had to follow at that time are still valid and that the good results of today are by no means entirely due to modern methods. Let me cite a few examples.

scholarly journals Giving shape to the past: Pre-columbia in nineteenth-century Mexican literary journals

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-375
Author(s):  
Adam T. Sellen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Archaeological Investigation ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Literary Journals ◽  
Mexican Nationalism ◽  
Literary Journal ◽  
The Grotesque

Abstract The literary journal “El Museo Mexicano” (1843-1845) marked a watershed in Mexican nationalism, and sought to shape aspirations of an elite segment of nineteenth-century Mexican society eager to claim a post-colonial identity by exploring the cultural and historical strands that were combined in the young Republic. The editors solicited contributions from Mexican authors on a wide range of subjects, from descriptions of contemporary provincial life to accounts of recent discoveries of pre-Hispanic monuments and artifacts. The aim was to provide a more complete and up-to-date image of Mexico, rich in anecdotal detail and lavishly illustrated. In this paper I will explore how this new literary platform argued for the validity of archaeological investigation in the American context, and ultimately shaped how Mexicans perceived their past. Though my focus is primarily on the articles in “El Museo Mexicano” I will also analyze some of the visual tropes and traditions, from the picturesque to the grotesque that inspired illustration in other Mexican journals of the same genre.

scholarly journals Liturgy and non-colonial thinking: Speaking to and about God beyond ideology, religion and identity politics – Towards non-religion and a unbearable freedom in Christ

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann-Albrecht Meylahn
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Face ◽  
European Colonialism ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Voice

It has been argued that most countries that had been exposed to European colonialism have inherited a Western Christianity thanks to the mission societies from Europe and North America. In such colonial and post-colonial (countries where the political administration is no longer in European hands, but the effects of colonialism are still in place) contexts, together with Western contexts facing the ever-growing impact of migrants coming from the previous colonies, there is a need to reflect on the possibility of what a non-colonial liturgy, rather than a decolonial or postcolonial liturgy, would look like. For many, postcolonial or decolonial liturgies are those that specifically create spaces for the voice of a particular identified other. The other is identified and categorised as a particular voice from the margins, or a specific voice from the borders, or the voices of particular identified previously silenced voices from, for example, the indigenous backyards. A question that this context raises is as follows: Is consciously creating such social justice spaces – that is determined spaces by identifying particular voices that someone or a specific group decides to need to be heard and even making these particular voiceless (previously voiceless) voices central to any worship experience – really that different to the colonial liturgies of the past? To give voice to another voice, is maybe only a change of voice, which certainly has tremendous historical value, but is it truly a transformation? Such a determined ethical space is certainly a step towards greater multiculturalism and can therefore be interpreted as a celebration of greater diversity and inclusivity in the dominant ontology. Yet, this ontology remains policed, either by the state-maintaining police or by the moral (social justice) police.Contribution: In this article, a non-colonial liturgy will be sought that goes beyond the binary of the dominant voice and the voice of the other, as the voice of the other too often becomes the voice of a particular identified and thus determined victim – in other words, beyond the binary of master and slave, perpetrator and victim, good and evil, and justice and injustice, as these binaries hardly ever bring about transformation, but only a change in the face of master and the face of the slave, yet remaining in the same policed ontology.

scholarly journals Islam dan Budaya Masyarakat Gayo, Provinsi Aceh: Kajian Sejarah dan Sosial

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Colonial Time ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact

This article argues that Gayonese community practice Islam through the culture and less concern with religious texts. Although the wave of islamization since the colonial time and post-independence was high, the process does not succeed in introducing what the local scholars called as Islamic tradition. Such situation forces the following ulama to defend culture by finding justification for every practice instead of abolishing it. There are two factors leading to the situation. First, ulama of colonial and post-colonial time did not succeed in finding what they called as Islamic tradition replacing the existing tradition. second, lacking of regeneration of reformer Ulama that drive the living reformer ulama to support culture by inserting Islamic values and norms into the culture. This effort is crucial as the Gayonese refers more to the culture than the religious texts. This Article historically studies the development of Islam in Gayonese community. It frames its historical analysis from the Dutch colonial period to post independence of Indonesia Republic. It generally observes the impact of islamization in the past to the current situation. This article brings back the fundamental question in socio-anthropological studies about Islam that why do Muslim who refer to same source of text understand and practice Islam in widely various expression. The question is applied to this research exploring the development of Islam in Gayonese community inhabiting Central Aceh and Bener Meriah District. Thus, this research questions how did Islam develop in colonial time and its impact to the local culture? did there a debate about religion and culture take place during the colonial time and post-independence of Indonesia?  How does the past event affect the current practice of Islam in Gayonese community? the questions are explored historically by collecting relevant literatures and collective memory of the local people. The collective memory data were collected from 2015 to 2019

A Hint of Things to Come …

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-36
Author(s):  
Charles R. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Historical Anthropology ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Landscape Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Landscape Transformations ◽  
Point Of Departure

This chapter provides an overview of landscape studies in archaeology, particularly as practiced in the southeastern United States. There is an extended discussion justifying historical anthropology as an important point of departure for this study, in particular because of its usefulness for exploring processes of colonialism. The chapter provides summaries of the major Native American groups and European powers that appear in the remainder of the volume. Generally speaking, the three major European players, or the Spanish, English, and French had different goals and methods of colonization. These methods cumulatively spurred a highly ramified history of landscape transformations for Native Americans. The chapter’s approach resonates well with post-colonial approaches that attempt to decolonize the past by removing Europeans as the primary lens by which we view the actions of Indigenous peoples. Working under rubrics such as “Native-lived colonialism” and “decolonizing the past,” archaeologists increasingly are seeking to integrate European texts, the archaeological record, oral histories, and the perspectives of Native peoples to try and achieve a plural perspective on past lifeways.

scholarly journals Public opinion on crime, punishment and the death penalty in Barbados

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-320
Author(s):  
Lynsey Black ◽  
Lizzie Seal ◽  
Florence Seemungal
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Global North ◽  
New Perspective

The bulk of extant research on public opinion on crime and punishment is focused on Global North nations. This article contributes a new perspective to the literature on punitivism by examining public opinion on crime, punishment and the death penalty in Barbados. The article presents insights from exploratory focus group research conducted in Barbados in 2017. These findings are particularly relevant as Barbadian lawmakers navigate reform of the nation’s death penalty law. While the focus groups reveal anxieties that echo those identified in other jurisdictions, related to nostalgia for the past and concern regarding social order for instance, they also demonstrate the specific relevance of time and place. Using approaches from Caribbean Criminology and drawing on post-colonial perspectives, the article examines the context of views on punishment in Barbados, including perceptions of ‘neo-colonial’ interference and concerns about what can be lost in the process of ‘progress’.

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