What Happens When We Feed?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl Jones
Keyword(s):  
Critical Research ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Garden Birds ◽  
The Many

The importance and influence of food in the lives of animals has been studied is great detail in a vast number of species. This chapter outlines the many findings of this critical research that are directly relevant to understanding how the provisioning of food for garden birds may be affecting their lives.

scholarly journals Protected Areas in Forest Conservation: Challenges and Opportunities

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos ◽  
Nikoleta Jones
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Forest ecosystems are important habitats for a vast number of species worldwide[...]

THE GENERAL STATE OF AMERICAN PEDIATRICS IN 1855 WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PHILADELPHIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-461
Author(s):  
Ernest Caulfield
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Patent Medicines ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Press ◽  
Practical Nurses ◽  
The Many ◽  
Full Century ◽  
Past Half

IN VIEW of the tremendous advance in pediatrics during the past half century, one might think that a full century ago no one could have known very much about the care of children. To read the newspapers of that day, one might also conclude that it was an age primarily of quacks and patent medicines—of worm cures, hive syrups and of little liver pills. But to appreciate the true status of American pediatrics in 1855 one must judge it not only by the standards of our time but also by the standards of a century earlier, and when that is done it will be seen that American pediatrics in the mid-Nineteenth Century had also made considerable progress. In 1755 the care of the sick was generally in the hands of well-meaning yet untrained practical nurses whereas in 1855 people were turning to physicians who were usually medical school graduates, well acquainted with a vast number of new and important publications. More and more pediatric articles were appearing in the many American journals; and in the review of a new book, one writer mentioned "the numerous publications on the management of infants and children with which the press has been loaded." Indeed, the press was loaded, for the Philadelphia physician had at his command no less than 8 fairsized textbooks in English devoted exclusively to the care of children. The second quarter of the Nineteenth Century saw a definite trend toward pediatrics as a specialty. There is no need to discuss here the numerous elementary guides which were intended primarily for mothers and which were precursors of the textbooks, or the many systems of general medicine with their chapters on pediatric subjects, especially since this trend may be well illustrated by mentioning only the impressive list of textbooks published in Philadelphia.

Varieties in Comparative Capitalisms Research: A Critical Juncture

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-156
Author(s):  
Daniel Šitera
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Critical Juncture ◽  
Prior Review ◽  
Comparative Capitalisms ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
The Many

This article addresses Richard Westra, Ian Bruff and Matthias Ebenau's responses to my prior review essay on their edited volumes. In my initial survey, I concluded that both volumes reinvigorate the radical potential of contemporary Comparative Capitalisms (CC) literatures, but warned against the tendency in critical research to trace capitalism solely at its worst. I posited that this pessimism undermines the volumes’ pedagogical potential and threatens to bring us to intellectual cul-de-sacs. The authors respond in different ways to this critical engagement: Westra provides a guideline to trace such an intellectual pessimism in the (neo-)Marxist political economy and points to the so-called ‘Uno approach’ as an alternative direction that opens our intellectual horizons to social change in (post-)capitalism. In contrast, Bruff and Ebenau regard my review as less monochromatic than other discussions of their research project but nevertheless assertively retort to my critique. This reply seeks to engage the aforementioned scholars in a discussion, while reconsidering the alleged pessimism of critical CC research as informed optimism. Such informed optimism must be found in a critical research that (i) is based on a deeper reflexive theoretical discussion rather than a one-sided deconstruction of mainstream scholarship; and (ii) derives from a holistic approach broadened by a human-centred perspective, which also exposes us to actually existing alternatives within as well as to (post-)capitalism. Given that such approaches are currently only implicit, the many ongoing crises of contemporary capitalism represent a critical juncture not only for mainstream, but also for critical CC research.

Agriculture in the Inner Hebrides

1983 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 567-575
Author(s):  
J. W. Grant ◽  
A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
The Many

SynopsisThe Inner Hebrides consist of a long chain of islands varying greatly in topography and extending from Skye in the North to Islay off the southern coast of Argyll. The group includes the islands of Raasay, South Rona, Soay. Scalpay, Pabay, Canna, Rhum, Eigg, Muck, Coll, Tiree, Colonsay, Oronsay, Jura, Gigha, Luing, Scarba, Mull, Ulva, Gometra, Lismore, Kererra, Shuna and Iona.There are in addition numerous small islands which, although no longer cultivated or inhabited are utilised for grazing stock by farmers and crofters from adjacent islands and from the mainland.Agricultural land use and livestock production on the islands is governed largely by soil type, elevation, exposure and grazing quality. An aspect of increasing importance is the proportion of arable land relative to hill and mountain grazing. Cattle stocks in particular tend to be limited to the quantity of winter fodder which can be home-conserved since the prohibitive costs of importing fodder by road and sea are a serious constraint on the profitability of cattle raising.Until recent times cropping on the arable land of many of the islands followed a traditional seven year rotation of oats, roots and potatoes, sow-out to grass under a cereal nurse crop followed by three years of hay conservation or grazing. During the past ten years there has been an increasing swing from mixed cropping towards grasslands production. On many farms and crofts the emphasis on conservation lies in hay-making but silage has become increasingly popular particularly on larger farm units in Islay, Gigha, Luing and Mull.Current statistics indicate that the livestock population of the islands consists of 166,250 breeding ewes, 13,850 beef type breeding cows and 1,770 dairy cows together with their followers.Sheep are mainly of Blackface breed but on Skye are found some 12,000 Cheviots with further Cheviot flocks located on Eigg, Canna, Rhum, Scalpay and Soay.On the fertile machairs of Tiree and Iona sheep stocks are composed of Leicester/Down X ewes which are mated usually with Suffolk and X Suffolk rams.Dairy farming is centred mainly on Islay and Gigha. There is a creamery on each of those islands, the Islay Creamery processing some 3,043 million litres of milk annually while the creamery unit on Gigha has a throughput of 1·431 million litres.Transport costs, ageing population in the crofting sector and the vast number of small units all contribute to the many problems which face islands agriculture at the present time.

scholarly journals Vases, Caskets, and Decorative Lamps of the Leningrad Factory of Porcelain in 1956–1966: Context, Attribution, Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Olga S. Sapanzha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empty Space ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Modern Style ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
War Production ◽  
The Many ◽  
Two Stages

This paper focuses on two stages in the development of post-war production interior porcelain. The first stage is the completion of the development in the decorative and industrial arts of the grand style. The second stage is the development of modern style, which is reflected in the works of mass porcelain. The research refers to the Leningrad Factory of Porcelain and the production of the enterprise from 1956–1966. The products of the plant have not been studied sufficiently so far. However, the factory was one of the many Soviet porcelain enterprises that was involved in the creation of a new living environment. Two stages in the development of industrial art related to the organisation of the residential interior were reflected in the company’s products, i.e. works of small porcelain plastics, utilitarian porcelain, i.e. vases, boxes, bottles, night lamps, etc. The first stage is filled with works of small plastic arts (second half of the 1950s). The second stage is associated with the interior, in which porcelain goods played the role of accents in the interior, emphasising empty space (first half of the 1960s). The author of the article carries out analysis of caskets and vials of the enterprise (40 Years of October caskets, casket with a lion, Matryoshka casket, Summer Garden, a series of bottles and caskets), vases and pots (Lines planters, decorative vases, damask, and stacks), lamps (Chinese Pagoda night light, Golden Cockerel night light). Based on the interpretation of the value of the enterprise in the formation of the interior, the value of products in the processes of transition from the grand style to the modern style, a conclusion is drawn about the importance of the plant in the formation of the living environment. The massive nature of the works of the plant influenced the fact that the current stylistic trends were available to a vast number of Soviet citizens, who perceived new aesthetic norms.

scholarly journals From Tale to Tail: Unwinding the Twisted Life Story of PIG 05049

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Maarten Vanden Eynde
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
The Many

Pig 05049 is a book and research project by Dutch designer Christien Meindertsma that chronicles the many consumer products that were made from a pig called 05049. The book offers an insightful look into how this one animal, a single source, provides raw material for a vast number of everyday objects. Meindertsma’s clinical presentation of each laboriously researched object, page by page, organised by body part, follows the progress of the dissection of Pig 05049 and the subsequent use of each part. Some products, she found, are expected and familiar, whilst other diverge dramatically: ammunition, medicine, photo paper, cigarettes, conditioner, and bio diesel. PIG 05049 is currently in its 5th edition. The book won the Dutch Design Award in 2008 and the Index award in 2009 in the category Play. The article is a lightly edited transcript of a conversation between Commodity Frontiers editor, Maarten Vanden Eynde and Christien Meinderstma in September 2021.

scholarly journals The fabrics of machine moderation: Studying the technical, normative, and organizational structure of Perspective API

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205395172110461
Author(s):  
Bernhard Rieder ◽  
Yarden Skop
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Personal Conflict ◽  
Automated Tools ◽  
Algorithmic Techniques ◽  
The Many ◽  
Five Axes ◽  
Methodological Strategy

Over recent years, the stakes and complexity of online content moderation have been steadily raised, swelling from concerns about personal conflict in smaller communities to worries about effects on public life and democracy. Because of the massive growth in online expressions, automated tools based on machine learning are increasingly used to moderate speech. While ‘design-based governance’ through complex algorithmic techniques has come under intense scrutiny, critical research covering algorithmic content moderation is still rare. To add to our understanding of concrete instances of machine moderation, this article examines Perspective API, a system for the automated detection of ‘toxicity’ developed and run by the Google unit Jigsaw that can be used by websites to help moderate their forums and comment sections. The article proceeds in four steps. First, we present our methodological strategy and the empirical materials we were able to draw on, including interviews, documentation, and GitHub repositories. We then summarize our findings along five axes to identify the various threads Perspective API brings together to deliver a working product. The third section discusses two conflicting organizational logics within the project, paying attention to both critique and what can be learned from the specific case at hand. We conclude by arguing that the opposition between ‘human’ and ‘machine’ in speech moderation obscures the many ways these two come together in concrete systems, and suggest that the way forward requires proactive engagement with the design of technologies as well as the institutions they are embedded in.

scholarly journals A Solution for Universal Classification of Species Based on Genomic DNA

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Kouduka ◽  
Daisuke Sato ◽  
Manabu Komori ◽  
Motohiro Kikuchi ◽  
Kiyoshi Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Genome Profiling ◽  
Single Probe ◽  
The Cost

Traditionally, organisms have been classified on the basis of their phenotype. Recently, genotype-based classification has become possible through the development of sequencing technology. However, it is still difficult to apply sequencing approaches to the analysis of a large number of species due to the cost and labor. In most biological fields, the analysis of complex systems comprising various species has become an important theme, demanding an effective method for handling a vast number of species. In this paper, we have demonstrated, using plants, fish, and insects, that genome profiling, a compact technology for genome analysis, can classify organisms universally. Surprisingly, in all three of the domains of organisms tested, the phylogenetic trees generated from the phenotype topologically matched completely those generated from the genotype. Furthermore, a single probe was sufficient for the genome profiling, thereby demonstrating that this methodology is universal and compact.

Moral Philosophy and Law and Economics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Bix
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
The Many

This article explores how law and economics is viewed from the perspective of moral philosophy. Given that ‘law and economics’ is a category that covers a large and diverse set of theories and theorists, and that ‘moral philosophy’ as a category is even larger and more diverse, there are a vast number of potential topics and perspectives. The article offers a sample of the many intersections of those two categories. Part I offers a brief introduction to some central ideas of economics and to the different schools of moral philosophy. Part II summarizes some defences of law and economics from the perspective of moral philosophy, while Part III summarizes criticisms from the same source.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document