Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Erynn Masi de Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Modern World ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Home Based ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private Homes

This introductory chapter provides an overview of domestic work. The International Labor Organization (ILO) defines domestic work to include housework; caring for children, ill, disabled, or elderly people in private homes; and tasks such as “driving the family car, taking care of the garden, and guarding private houses.” Paid domestic work is an ancient occupation, rooted in feudal economic systems, but it is part of the modern world under capitalism. Historically, domestic workers cooked, cleaned, and cared for children, as they do today. However, this work has shifted from in-kind payment (room and board) to wages, and from most domestic workers living with employers to most living separately. Also, middle- and upper-class women have entered the workforce, relying on domestic workers to take up the slack at home. Based on research conducted between 2010 and 2018, this book explains why domestic work remains an occupation of last resort in Ecuador (and elsewhere) and discusses how these working conditions might be improved. In exploring the experiences of paid domestic workers in Ecuador, it shows how concepts of social reproduction, urban informal employment, and class boundaries can help illuminate the particular forms of exploitation in this work and explain why domestic work continues to be a bad job.

scholarly journals Urgensi Ratifikasi Konvensi Pekerjaan yang Layak bagi Pekerja Rumah Tangga oleh Pemerintah Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-133
Author(s):  
Kartika Dewi Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Social

The existence of domestic workers or better known as domestic workers is no stranger to the life of Indonesian society. Domestic worker is a job that provides services to a family to do homework such as cooking, cleaning house, washing clothes and others. However, because there is no regulation that regulates domestic workers maximally, and there are often different degrees between employers and workers, there is a lot of violence against domestic workers. In 2011, the International Labor Organization issued an ILO Convention No. 189 on Decent Work for Domestic Workers. This Convention as evidence that domestic workers need to be legally protected as human beings with human rights. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that the act of ratification of ILO Convention No. 189 of 2011 on Decent Work for Domestic Workers needs to be done, in an effort to increase the protection of domestic workers' rights law, to increase the economy of domestic workers, and to raise the social status of domestic workers Indonesia. Abstrak Keberadaan pekerja rumah tangga atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai pembantu rumah tangga sudah tidak asing lagi dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Pekerja rumah tangga merupakan suatu pekerjaan yang memberikan jasa kepada suatu keluarga untuk mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah seperti memasak, membersihakan rumah, mencuci baju dan yang lainnya. Namun karena belum ada regulasi yang mengatur pekerja rumah tangga secara maksimal, dan sering terjadi perbedaan derajat antara majikan dan pekerja, maka banyak terjadi kekerasan terhadap pekerja rumah tangga. Pada tahun 2011, International Labour Organization mengeluarkan suatu Konvensi ILO Nomor 189 tentang Pekerjaan yang Layak bagi Pekerja Rumah Tangga. Konvensi ini sebagai bukti bahwa pekerja rumah tangga perlu mendapat perlindungan secara hukum sebagai manusia yang memiliki hak asasi manusia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tindakan ratifikasi Konvensi ILO Nomor 189 tahun 2011 tentang Pekerjaan yang Layak bagi Pekerja Rumah Tangga perlu dilakukan, sebagai upaya peningkatan perlindungan hukum hak-hak pekerja rumah tangga, peningkatkan ekonomi pekerja rumah tangga, serta menaikkan status sosial pekerja rumah tangga Indonesia.

scholarly journals Urgensi Ratifikasi Konvensi International Labor Organization: Perspektif Perlindungan Pekerja Anak Pada Sektor Rumah Tangga

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Rika Putri Subekti
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
International Labor

The issue of domestic worker has not become governor of Indonesia policy priorities. This can be seen from the lack of a structure for the comprehensive and lack of regulations that provide solutions, as well as lack of supporting structure of the implementation. The Act of Manpower is not regulating specifically on the protection of domestic workers, especially for children. International Labor Organization Convention Number 189 concerning Decent Works for Domestic Worker, regulates the protection of domestic workers all over the world, however, Indonesia has not ratified this convention yet. This research is normative legal research that using statute and conceptual approach. Data collection techniques used in this study is literature study. The results of the study indicate that the regulation on the protection of child laborers employed as a domestic worker in Indonesia has not been regulated separately so that in the case of legal protection is not sufficient, in the case of law enforcement in case of violation of the law on the rights of the child. The urgency for the Government to immediately ratify ILO Convention No. 189 on Decent Work of Domestic Workers in order to establish a standard of employment for domestic workers as an effort to realize protection for domestic workers in general and for child domestic workers in particular. It is important for government to carry out the National Action Plan for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor (RAN-WFCL) to prevent and eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Isu tentang Pekerja Rumah Tangga (PRT) belum menjadi suatu prioritas kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia. Hal ini terlihat dari belum adanya suatu struktur regulasi yang komprehensif dan solutif, disertai struktur pendukung dalam tataran implementasinya. Ketentuan Undang-Undang tentang Ketenagakerjaan belum mengatur secara khusus mengenai perlindungan terhadap pembantu rumah tangga khususnya bagi anak-anak. Namun telah ada konvensi internasional yang mengatur secara khusus tentang Pekerja Rumah Tangga (PRT) yaitu Konvensi ILO Nomor 189 tentang Kerja Layak Pembantu Rumah Tangga. Konvensi ini merupakan perlindungan bagi pembantu rumah tangga di seluruh dunia. Namun, hingga saat ini Indonesia belum meratifikasi konvensi tersebut. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian hukum normatif. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengaturan tentang perlindungan pekerja anak yang dipekerjakan sebagai pembantu rumah tangga di Indonesia belum diatur secara khusus sehingga dalam hal perlindungan hukum belum memadai. Urgensi bagi Pemerintah untuk segera meratifikasi Konvensi ILO Nomor 189 tentang Kerja Layak PRT dalam rangka menetapkan suatu standard ketenagakerjaan bagi PRT sebagai upaya mewujudkan perlindungan bagi PRT secara umum dan bagi PRT Anak pada khususnya. Upaya Pemerintah dalam mewujudkan perlindungan terhadap PRT Anak adalah dengan melakukan Rencana Aksi Nasional Penghapusan Bentuk-Bentuk Pekerjaan Terburuk Bagi Anak (RAN-BPTA) yang bertujuan untuk mencegah dan menghapus bentuk-bentuk pekerjaan terburuk untuk anak.

Like Any Other Job?

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-121
Author(s):  
Erynn Masi de Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Political Effectiveness

This chapter explores some of the challenges that organizers of domestic workers in Ecuador face. Its discussion of domestic worker organizing touches on the three major themes of this book: social reproduction, informal arrangements that render domestic work invisible, and class relations that degrade and dehumanize workers. Workers' engagement in long hours of paid and unpaid social reproduction makes them difficult to reach and organize. Informal arrangements, and lack of political will and political effectiveness to change these arrangements, combine to make the enforcement of existing laws difficult. Moreover, relationships with the left-leaning state, embedded in traditional assumptions about who constitutes the working class—assumptions that leave out women and informal workers—have been fraught. The chapter then shows how domestic workers and their advocates have been organizing, what strategies they have used to demand the rights of these workers, and what the implications of these strategies are for political action and change.

Dust and Dignity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erynn Masi de Casanova ◽  
Maximina Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
National Level ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Common ◽  
Work Histories

What makes domestic work a bad job, even after efforts to formalize and improve working conditions? This book examines three reasons for persistent exploitation. First, the tasks of social reproduction are devalued. Second, informal work arrangements escape regulation. And third, unequal class relations are built into this type of employment. The book provides both theoretical discussions about domestic work and concrete ideas for improving women's lives. Drawing on workers' stories of lucha, trabajo, and sacrificio—struggle, work, and sacrifice—the book offers a new take on an old occupation. From the intimate experience of being a body out of place in an employer's home, to the common work histories of Ecuadorian women in different cities, to the possibilities for radical collective action at the national level, the book shows how and why women do this stigmatized and precarious work and how they resist exploitation in the search for dignified employment. From these searing stories of workers' lives, the book identifies patterns in domestic workers' experiences that will be helpful in understanding the situation of workers elsewhere and offers possible solutions for promoting and ensuring workers' rights that have relevance far beyond Ecuador.

Immigrant women in paid domestic service. The case of Spain and Italy

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sónia Parella Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Welfare State Regimes ◽  
Southern European Countries

In the familistic welfare state regimes of Italy and Spain, the resurgence in live-in domestic work and the demand for migrant domestic workers is stronger than in other European countries. Organising and regulating services in order to help with the burden of caring for one's family is not an important objective of social policy in southern European countries. It is taken for granted that the family (‘women') is the main provider of social protection. In the absence of policy decisions in this field, the increase in local women's labour market participation in recent decades has led to households recruiting non-EU immigrant women in order to help them balance the needs of their family with the demands of paid employment. These immigrants constitute an enormous supply of low-cost labour and there is a shortage of local female workers in paid domestic work.

Making History through Policy: A Field Report on the International Domestic Workers Movement

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Fish
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Labor Policy ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
International Convention ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Distinct Process ◽  
Field Report ◽  
National Economies

AbstractPaid household labor has fertilized the development of national economies, while also nourishing the capitalist labor systems that has allowed globalization to thrive. However, this transnational sector has remained historically invisible, devalued, and unprotected from national and international legislative frameworks. In 2010, the International Labor Organization (ILO) finally embraced this challenge through two years of negotiations on the world's first international convention to assure “Decent Work for Domestic Workers.” These tripartite debates set the stage for the largest inclusion of “actual workers” in policy making. The debates also mobilized the world's first international domestic workers’ movement. This report from the field highlights a distinct process whereby workers themselves played a pivotal role in the creation of international labor policy. According to International Domestic Workers Federation president Myrtle Witbooi, this “new beginning” set “a benchmark for decent work and social equality.”

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE FACTORS THAT IS ENCOURAGING THE CHILD LABOUR IN BARAMULLA DISTRICT OF J&K

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-607
Author(s):  
Shahida Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Working Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Trade Sanctions ◽  
Consumer Boycotts

Research into the topic of child labour has experienced a significant upswing in the past two decades. Yet despite this increased attention, child labour remains a significant problem in many parts of the world. According to recent estimates by the International Labor Organization (ILO), there were approximately 176 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 in employment in 2008, of which roughly 53 million were participating in hazardous work (Diallo et al., 2010). A common perception is that most child labourers work for wages in the formal sector, conjuring images of children working long hours in sweatshops or toiling away in mines. As a result, consumer boycotts and trade sanctions against products using child labour as an input are often discussed as means of reducing the incidence of child labour. In reality, however, such methods may have little impact for several reasons. Firstly, the majority of working children are active in the agricultural sector, rather than manufacturing (ILO, 2006; Diallo et al., 2010). Secondly, very few children work for wages outside the home; rather, most children are employed by their parents on the family farm or enterprise (Edmonds and Pavcnik, 2005a).

Decent Work for Domestic Workers in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-213
Author(s):  
Lorena Poblete
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Institutional Responses ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Labor Relationship ◽  
National Tax

Abstract Informality characterized domestic work in Argentina. Only 24% of domestic workers are formal workers. Therefore, informality became the target for transforming domestic work into “decent work,” following the International Labor Organization’s agenda. Looking at three different state institutions participating in this transformation—the Argentine Congress, National Tax Agency and Domestic Work Tribunal, this article seeks to understand how the notion of informality and the conceptualization of this particular labor relationship condition institutional responses. Thus, the article shows that in order to expand domestic workers’ rights, the three institutions focus on one particular working-time arrangement: full-time work. As a result, domestic workers working a few hours per week for several employers do not access the same protections, and are only marginally included within the scope of the law. For them, decent work seems to be unattainable.

“We cannot discriminate against someone without an eye or a leg … But I do look at obesity”: Statistical discrimination and employers’ recruitment strategies at housecleaning service companies in Johannesburg

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
David Du Toit
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Job Seeking ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Personal Skills

The landscape of paid domestic work has changed considerably in recent years with the growth in the number of housecleaning service companies in South Africa and elsewhere. Housecleaning service companies transform domestic work into a service economy where trained domestic workers render a professional cleaning service to clients. In South Africa, little is known about the factors that employers at housecleaning service companies take into consideration during the selection and recruitment process. A key feature of paid domestic work is the gender, class and race constructions of domestic workers, the vast majority of whom are women, usually women of colour, from low socio-economic backgrounds. Whether we are seeing a change in the demographic profile of domestic workers with the growth of housecleaning service companies remains unclear. This paper therefore focuses on the recruitment strategies of employers at selected housecleaning service companies in Johannesburg in an attempt to shed light on the challenges that jobseeking domestic workers may face. Open-ended interviews with managers revealed that gender, race, age, long-term unemployment, and technical and personal skills of job-seeking domestic workers have a strong impact on the recruitment process, while immigration status plays a somewhat reduced role. This paper concludes that housecleaning service companies have not changed the demographic profile of domestic workers in South Africa yet, and that paid domestic work is still predominantly a black woman’s job.

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