Connecting the Dots

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Joe Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Jewish Organization ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Personal Journey ◽  
Italian American ◽  
History Of ◽  
Connecting The Dots

This introductory chapter presents the author’s personal journey to study the history of Jewish organized crime. Its story begins with family lore before ballooning into a history of West Side Jewish gangsters, who sometimes allied and sometimes fought within a backdrop of organized crime largely dominated by the Italian and the Irish. From there, the West Side criminal world slowly coalesced from a series of gangs competing with each other into a final independent Jewish organization headed by Benjamin “Zukie the Bookie” Zuckerman. Then, during the early 1990s, Lenny Patrick became a household name, at least for a few months. Patrick was a gangster in his late seventies, described in many places as the head of the Jewish wing of the Syndicate. In a city notorious for Italian American gangsters, Patrick stood out as an anomaly. He was a Jew who had remained important in organized crime long after the crumbling of the West Side Jewish world.

The Outfit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Illegal Gambling ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Narcotic Trafficking ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the activities of organized crime in Chicago after 1950, with particular emphasis on the Chicago Outfit. It begins with a discussion of the Outfit's takeover of all illegal gambling in Chicago as well as its connection with Chicago mayor Ed Kelly and the political protection given to vice activities in Chicago. It then considers the often confusing relationship between the Outfit and narcotic trafficking, along with the role that African Americans played in Outfit activities, including policy gambling and the distribution of heroin in the black community. It also reviews the history of the West Side Bloc, a group of elected public officials who supported the efforts of organized crime in Chicago, and how it contributed to the rise of racket subcultures in Chicago's “street crew” neighborhoods. The chapter concludes with an assessment of government efforts against organized crime, noting that one of the reasons for the existence of organized crime was the failure of local municipalities and the national government to take effective enforcement action against it.

scholarly journals Carriers of human mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup M colonized India from southeastern Asia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Marrero ◽  
Khaled K. Abu-Amero ◽  
Jose M Larruga ◽  
Vicente M Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Human Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Phylogeographic Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Out Of Africa

ABSTRACTObjetivesWe suggest that the phylogeny and phylogeography of mtDNA macrohaplogroup M in Eurasia and Australasia is better explained supposing an out of Africa of modern humans following a northern route across the Levant than the most prevalent southern coastal route across Arabia and India proposed by others.MethodsA total 206 Saudi samples belonging to macrohaplogroup M have been analyzed. In addition, 4107 published complete or nearly complete Eurasian and Australasian mtDNA genomes ascribed to the same macrohaplogroup have been included in a global phylogeographic analysis.ResultsMacrohaplogroup M has only historical implantation in West Eurasia including the Arabian Peninsula. Founder ages of M lineages in India are significantly younger than those in East Asia, Southeast Asia and Near Oceania. These results point to a colonization of the Indian subcontinent by modern humans carrying M lineages from the east instead the west side.ConclusionsThe existence of a northern route previously advanced by the phylogeography of mtDNA macrohaplogroup N is confirmed here by that of macrohaplogroup M. Taking this genetic evidence and those reported by other disciplines we have constructed a new and more conciliatory model to explain the history of modern humans out of Africa.

A Skipper, Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and its Parasites in Ontario

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1082-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Present Author ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
First Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lake Simcoe ◽  
First Time ◽  
Extensive Damage

The European, or Essex skipper, Thymelicus (= Adopaea) lineola (Ochs.), was accidentally introduced into North America at London, Ontario, sometime before 1910 (Saunders, 1916). The history of its subsequent spread through southern Ontario and adjoining parts of Michigan and Ohio was reviewed by Pengelly (1961), who received the first report of extensive damage to hay and pasture crops by this insect in Ontario from the Markdale area of Grey County in 1956. A survey in 1958 (Pengelly, 1961) showed that the skipper “appeared to be present throughout the southern part of the province except for the Bruce peninsula and possibly the Windsor area. The northeasterly boundary appeared to he along a line from Midland, south around the west side of Lake Simcoe, east to Lindsay and south to Whitby.” The present author collected T. lineola larvae from the Belleville area for the first time in 1959.

The Neighborhood Outfit

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Corsino
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Italian American ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
New Recruits

From the slot machine trust of the early 1900s to the prolific Prohibition era bootleggers allied with Al Capone, and for decades beyond, organized crime in Chicago Heights, Illinois, represented a vital component of the Chicago Outfit. This book taps interviews, archives, government documents, and the author's own family history to tell the story of the Chicago Heights “boys” and their place in the city's Italian American community in the twentieth century. Debunking the popular idea of organized crime as a uniquely Italian enterprise, the book delves into the social and cultural forces that that created a vibrant Italian enclave while simultaneously contributing to illicit activities so pervasive the city's name became synonymous with vice. As it shows, discrimination blocked opportunities for Italians' social mobility. The close-knit Italian communities that arose in response to such limits produced a rich supply of social capital Italians used to pursue alternative routes to success that ranged from grocery stores and union organizing to, on occasion, crime. In particular the book offers invaluable insights into the ways established Outfit figures brought in new recruits and how social forces worked to guarantee a pool of potential soldiers. The book throws light on a little-known corner of the history of Chicagoland organized crime.

VIII.—On some Fossiliferous Keuper Rocks at Bromsgrove (Worcestershire)

1907 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Wills
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
History Of

The counties of Warwick and Worcester have yielded the majority of Keuper fossils recorded from England. The history of their discovery commenced about seventy years ago with a paper by Murchison and Strickland, where there is a description of the area. They distinguished two divisions, the lower of which they identified as Bunter, chiefly on the evidence of a plant, Echinostdchys oblovgus, Brongn. This division was found to be, for the most part, composed of sandstones, and contained in Worcestershire plant remains and in Warwickshire bones and teeth. The localities where fossils were found were Ombersley, Hadley, Elmley Lovett, all on the west side of the Droitwich basin, Bromsgrove on the east of it, and in the Warwick district.

The western approach to the Athenian akropolis

1999 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 86-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ione Mylonas Shear
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Floor Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Later Phase

The structures along the west side of the Athenian Akropolis have long delighted visitors approaching the site and have challenged scholars for generations. By happy coincidence a variety of different studies has recently been published which emphasized different aspects of the approaches to the citadel and once again remind us of the many problems still remaining to be solved.Ira S. Mark concentrated on the shrine of the Athena Nike. He dealt primarily with the Mycenaean bastion enclosed within the later ashlar masonry of the classical podium, the various early remains of the shrine, which lie roughly 1.30 m. below the floor level of the classical temple, and the historical background of the temple itself. He published a few of the many early drawings of the bastion made by Nikolaos Balanos and his associates and re-examined the early walls crowning the archaic bastion, which he divided into various stages. Although, in my opinion, his chronology needs adjustment, his division of the walls built along the edges of the basion into different phases helps us to understand in more detail the history of the site and is a welcome addition. One of these earlier walls, which had long been considered to be Mycenaean, was dated by Mark to a much later phase (Fig. 1, 15). He suggested that the wall was a post-Mycenaean addition built in this position to enclose the east side of the shrine. This wall lies parallel to the West Cyclopean Wall and had been thought to represent the eastern limit of the bastion. The fragmentary remains of this wall, which are no longer visible, were originally recorded by Panagiotis Kavvadias and Georg Kawerau and its existence has bedeviled all attempts to restore a Mycenaean gate in this area.

Major Clues in the Tectonic History of the Malverns

1947 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Falcon
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Small Area ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Structural History ◽  
History Of

During recent work for the D'Arcy Exploration Co. the writer found it necessary to attempt to understand the structural history of the Malvern Range. The widespread conception of violent “Armorican” earth movements, almost simultaneously acting in directions at right angles to each other in a relatively small area, did not appear satisfactory. No important tectonic contribution to Malvern literature has appeared since Groom's work published in 1899 and 1900, conveniently summarized in Geology in the Field in 1910. Text books either ignore the problems completely and generalize strangely,2 or say practically nothing about them.3 To separate fact from later theory it was necessary to go back to the original surveys. As a result the writer finds himself unable to accept Groom's conclusion on the age of the movements causing the overturning, and in places imbrication, of the Silurian and Lower Old Red Sandstone rocks on the west side of the range. He is also strongly of the opinion that the evidence for the great Malvern Fault, separating the Trias from the older rocks on the east side of the range, has been much overplayed.

Introduction

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel St. John
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
New Space ◽  
The U.S

This introductory chapter provides a history of the U.S.–Mexico border. Long before the border existed as a physical or legal reality it began to take form in the minds of Mexicans and Americans who looked to maps of North America to think about what their republics were and what they might someday become. Their competing territorial visions brought the United States and Mexico to war in 1846. Less than two years later, the border emerged from the crucible of that war. With U.S. soldiers occupying the Mexican capital, a group of Mexican and American diplomats redrew the map of North America. In the east, they chose the Rio Grande, settling a decade-old debate about Texas's southern border and dividing the communities that had long lived along the river. In the west, they did something different; they drew a line across a map and conjured up an entirely new space where there had not been one before.

General Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tolan ◽  
Gilles Veinstein ◽  
Henry Laurens
Keyword(s):  
Slave Trade ◽  
Near East ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
The West ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of

This introductory chapter argues that, far from being a “clash” of two rival civilizations, the Muslim world and Europe (or the West) were in reality two branches of a single “Islamo-Christian” civilization, with deep roots in a common religious, cultural, and intellectual heritage: the civilization of the ancient Mediterranean and the Near East, biblical revelation, and Greek and Hellenistic science and philosophy. This common heritage had grown stronger over fifteen centuries, thanks to the uninterrupted exchange of goods, persons, and ideas. The forms of contact were continuous and extremely varied: wars, conquests, reconquests, diplomacy, alliances, commerce, marriages, the slave trade, translations, technological exchanges, and imitation and emulation in art and culture. Far from marginal curiosities within the history of the European and Muslim peoples, these contacts have profoundly marked them both.

Introduction

2001 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shmuel Feiner ◽  
David Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
The West ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment. The Haskalah provides an interesting example of one of the Enlightenments of eighteenth- to nineteenth-century Europe which also constituted a unique chapter in the social history of European Jewry. It encompasses over 120 years (from around the 1770s to the 1890s), and a large number of Jewish communities, from London in the west, to Copenhagen in the north, to Vilna and St Petersburg in the east. Much scholarship in the past concentrated on the Haskalah's intimate relationship to Jewish modernization: scholars examined the role of the Haskalah in the processes of political emancipation and the integration of Jews into the larger society. A different approach became possible once the modernization of European Jewry came to be viewed as a series of processes that awaited adequate analysis and explanation, the Haskalah being one of the foremost among them.

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