scholarly journals Ballroom dancers exhibit a dispositional need for arousal and elevated cerebral cortical activity during preferred melodic recall

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10658
Author(s):  
Xinhong Jin ◽  
Yingzhi Lu ◽  
Bradley D. Hatfield ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Biye Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Musical Piece ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
Arousal Theory ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
Computer Keyboard ◽  
Musical Tempo

Background Although the association of human temperament and preference has been studied previously, few investigations have examined cerebral cortical activation to assess brain dynamics associated with the motivation to engage in performance. The present study adopted a personality and cognitive neuroscience approach to investigate if participation in ballroom dancing is associated with sensation-seeking temperament and elevated cerebral cortical arousal during freely chosen musical recall. Methods Preferred tempo, indicated by tapping speed during melodic recall, and a measure of fundamental disposition or temperament were assessed in 70 ballroom dancers and 71 nondancers. All participants completed a trait personality inventory (i.e., the Chen Huichang 60 Temperaments Inventory) to determine four primary types: choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic. Participants separately recalled their favorite musical piece and tapped to it with their index finger for 40 beats using a computer keyboard. A subset of 59 participants (29 ballroom dancers and 30 nondancers) also repeated the same tapping task while electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded. Results The results revealed that the dancers were more extraverted, indicative of a heightened need for arousal, exhibited a preference for faster musical tempo, and exhibited elevated EEG beta power during the musical recall task relative to nondancers. Paradoxically, dancers also showed elevated introversion (i.e., melancholic score) relative to nondancers, which can be resolved by consideration of interactional personality theory if one assumes reasonably that dance performance environment is perceived in a stimulating manner. Conclusion The results are generally consistent with arousal theory, and suggest that ballroom dancers seek elevated stimulation and, thereby, choose to engage with active and energetic rhythmic auditory stimulation, thus providing the nervous system with the requisite stimulation for desired arousal. These results also suggest an underlying predisposition for engagement in ballroom dance and support the gravitational hypothesis, which propose that personality traits and perception lead to the motivation to engage in specific forms of human performance.

Is Cortical Activation During Walking Different Between Parkinson’s Disease Motor Subtypes?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Orcioli-Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Vitório ◽  
Victor Spiandor Beretta ◽  
Núbia Ribeiro da Conceição ◽  
Priscila Nóbrega-Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Gait Disorder ◽  
Beta Power

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is often classified into tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability gait disorder (PIGD) subtypes. Degeneration of subcortical/cortical pathways is different between PD subtypes, which leads to differences in motor behavior. However, the influence of PD subtype on cortical activity during walking remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the influence of PD motor subtypes on cortical activity during unobstructed walking and obstacle avoidance. Seventeen PIGD and 19 TD patients performed unobstructed walking and obstacle avoidance conditions. Brain activity was measured using a mobile functional near-infrared spectroscopy–electroencephalography (EEG) systems, and gait parameters were analyzed using an electronic carpet. Concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and EEG absolute power from alpha, beta, and gamma bands in FCz, Cz, CPz, and Oz channels were calculated. These EEG channels correspond to supplementary motor area, primary motor cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and visual cortex, respectively. Postural instability gait disorder patients presented higher PFC activity than TD patients, regardless of the walking condition. Tremor dominant patients presented reduced beta power in the Cz channel during obstacle avoidance compared to unobstructed walking. Both TD and PIGD patients decreased alpha and beta power in the FCz and CPz channels. In conclusion, PIGD patients need to recruit additional cognitive resources from the PFC for walking. Both TD and PIGD patients presented changes in the activation of brain areas related to motor/sensorimotor areas in order to maintain balance control during obstacle avoidance, being that TD patients presented further changes in the motor area (Cz channel) to avoid obstacles.

Becoming Beautiful

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Bosse
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Personal Transformation ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
Dance Floor ◽  
Real People ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Aesthetic Values

This book explores the transformations undergone by the residents of a Midwestern town when they step out on the dance floor for the very first time. The book uses sensitive fieldwork as well as the author's own immersion in ballroom culture to lead readers into a community that springs up around ballroom dance. It demonstrates how the contemporary performance of ballroom dance among amateurs generates feelings of positive personal transformation, of becoming beautiful. The book also discusses the dance hall as a social space where disparate groups come together to move in synchrony, along with the ways in which race, class, and gender converge in ballroom dancing. The result is a portrait of the real people who connect with others, change themselves, and join a world that foxtrots to its own rules, conventions, and rewards. The author's eye for revealing, humorous detail adds warmth and depth to discussions around critical perspectives on the experiences the dance hall provides, the nature of partnership and connection, and the notion of how dancing allows anyone to become beautiful. The book also considers the relationship between aesthetic values and becoming beautiful.

scholarly journals The history of the development of ballroom choreography in the Republic of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Pavliuk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
Dance Culture ◽  
African Experience ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

The purpose of the article is to analyze trends in the development of ballroom choreography in the Republic of South Africa. Research methodology is an organic set of basic principles of research: objectivity, historicism, multifactorial, systematicity, complexity, development, and pluralism, and to achieve the goal, the following methods of scientific knowledge are used: problem-chronological, concrete historical, statistical, descriptive, logical- analytical. Scientific Novelty. An attempt was made to research the topical issues of the history of the development of ballroom choreography in the Republic of South Africa. Conclusions. The versatility of the choreoplastic language of ballroom dance leads to the fact that even in those regions where ballroom choreography was historically regarded as the art of outsiders (conquerors and colonizers), which contradicts local artistic and aesthetic traditions, ballroom dancing becomes a part of the local dance culture. In addition, it is the ballroom choreography that is the very integrative element that connects local cultures that are quite far from Western thinking with the global worldview system. International cooperation between amateur dancers and professionals is promising in terms of cultural interaction and exchange of experience in the field of choreographic art. In general, the analysis of the African experience allows us to conclude that after passing through the stage of a kind of "nationalization" and adaptation by local ethics and aesthetics, ballroom choreography organically merges into the system of organizing leisure time, scenic screen art, and sports. To date, from the point of view of the development of ballroom choreography for Africa, only the overcoming of economic difficulties remains relevant. In the context of government support, ballroom choreography functions as an important resource for recovery, education, socialization of the population; it is able to fit into the national system of education, leisure, culture, and sports in the vast majority of African countries. Keywords: ballroom choreography, ballroom dance, competition dance.  

scholarly journals Influence of France on the formation of ballroom choreography in the context of Western Europe culture development in the XVI — early XXI centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
T. Pavliuk
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
The World ◽  
French Culture ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this paper to analyze the transformations in the French ballroom and choreographic practice, in the context of the development of culture of Western European countries of the XVI — early XXI centuries. The methodology is an organic set of basic principles of research: objectivity, historicism, multifactority, systemicity, complexity, development and pluralism, and to achieve the goal, the following methods of scientific knowledge are used: problem-chronological, concrete historical, statistical, descriptive, logical and analytical. The results. The analysis of trends in the development of ballroom dance in France and the influence of French culture on the formation of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries. The analysis of trends in the development of ballroom dance in France and the influence of French culture on the formation of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries took place. The processes of transformation and democratization of ballroom choreography in the XVIII century, which already in the XIX century turned from salon art into a leisure object for various social strata throughout Europe, were investigated. In the XX century it was France that discovered non-European types of ballroom dancing for Europe, which subsequently acquired standardization in the English professional environment. In the XX century France became the country where foreign art forms appeared and adapted to the conditions of European realities. France attracted artists from all over the world because of the special national culture formed in it. During the XX century the art of ballroom choreography in France developed rapidly. French performers and teachers continued long-standing national traditions. This factor had a positive effect on the training level of dancers in the field of professional and amateur ballroom dancing. Since 2010, France has been an active member of the World Dance Sports Federation (WDSF). The French Dance Federation (Fédération Française de Danse) is one of the largest organizations that develops ballroom choreography in the country. Over the past decades, dozens of open national and world ballroom dancing championships have been held in French cities (Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Nice, etc.). The scientific topicality is to identify the processes of the influence of French culture on the development of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries. The practical significance. The research may be used in developing lectures by specialists in choreography.

[Untitled]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Abra
Keyword(s):  
Modern Dance ◽  
Cultural Influence ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Rock N Roll ◽  
Post War

The epilogue reflects on popular dance in the post-war years. After the war, going to the palais remained as popular as ever, but the dances performed within the dance halls continued their long evolution. Following on some of the individualised and independent movements introduced by the jitterbug, modern ballroom dancing slowly began to give way to new dances which could be performed without a partner, or which better accompanied rock n’ roll and later disco. Owing to their particular focus on ballroom dance, the dance profession began the modern dance era with arguably more cultural influence than the dance hall industry, but those positions had clearly undergone a switch by the 1950s. Ballroom dancing eventually became a niche professional art form, while many of the 1920s dance halls continued to operate for decades after their establishment, even as they faced new challenges of their own.

scholarly journals Anglicization and canonization of ballroom dance, late 19th - early 20th century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Pavliuk
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common People ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
Social Dances ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
Professional Pride ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose of the Article. The aim of the article is to analyze the processes of anglicization and canonization of ballroom dance, during the period of democratization of social dances in England, in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Methodology is an organic set of basic principles of research: objectivity, historicism, multifactor essence, systematicity, complexity, development, and pluralism, to achieve the goal, the following methods of scientific knowledge are used: problem-chronological, concrete historical, statistical, descriptive, logical- analytical. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the identification of the processes of origin and development of competitive ballroom dancing in England at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. Conclusions. The widespread democratization of social dancing in England began as early as the 19th century when the Austrian waltz and other ballroom dancing became popular among all social strata. Democratic fervor of the common people, which at the end of the XIX century got the opportunity to relax on the resort coast of Great Britain, gave birth to the first dance competition in ballroom dancing. It was often noted by professional dance experts that the new British dance forms were superior to the original. Certainly, the distinctive features and high quality of British ballroom dancing were a matter of special professional pride. The advantages of a standardized English style as early as the late 30s. The XX century was recognized outside the country for the extraordinary success of British dancers in international ballroom dancing championships. Gradually, it established the international standard for ballroom dancing and was adopted by many of the world's dance organizations at the national level, with the exception of the United States of America (by many American competitive ballroom dancers, the English style was not adopted until the 1960s.).

The main stages and trends in the development of sports ballroom dance in the Republic of Kazakhstan (period 1968-1988)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
A. Issaliyev ◽  
◽  
А. Abakayeva ◽  
A. Karymbaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Sport Club ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
Sport Clubs ◽  
The Republic

The article describes the main stages and trends in the development of sports ballroom dancing in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The method of data presentation was chosen chronological, since it allows us to trace the dynamics of the process of development and formation of the pedagogical activity of trainers of ballroom dance. Two main stages of the formation and development of domestic sports ballroom dancing are given. The contribution of such figures as Leonid Petrovich Vekshin, Valentina Vasilyevna Evseeva, Valery Valentinovich Antsyshkin to the development of sports and ballroom dancing in the Republic is described. The first schools for European and Latin American dances, dance-sport clubs in our country, as well as the first competitions in these dances were established. The names of foreign experts who helped the development of sports dancing in Kazakhstan are given. The difficulties with which ballroom dancing was encountered during the existence of the USSR are described. The information on the formation of the dance-sport club «Raduga».

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Abra
Keyword(s):  
Culture Industry ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
First World

The introduction presents the book’s arguments and historiographical interventions, outlines its structure, and provides an explanation of the study’s periodisation. The years between the end of the First World War and the early 1950s saw what was known as ‘modern ballroom dancing’ rise and fall as Britain’s foremost popular style, and witnessed the professionalisation and commercialisation of popular dance. The introductory chapter also provides definitions for the book’s framing concepts and key terms. It defines ‘commercial nationalism’ as the process through which national identity was commodified by the ballroom dance profession and dance hall industry, producing an explicitly ‘national’ dancing style, which was in turn accepted, rejected, or transformed by the dancing public. This dialectical relationship between the producers and consumers of dance also accounts for why the book employs the term ‘popular dance’, rather than ‘social dance’. The ‘popular’ references theoretical frameworks from cultural studies and the history of popular culture, to encapsulate the mechanisms of the culture industry that surrounded dancing.

Expertise Differences in Cortical Activation and Gaze Behavior during Rifle Shooting

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Janelle ◽  
Charles H. Hillman ◽  
Ross J. Apparies ◽  
Nicholas P. Murray ◽  
Launi Meili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Hemispheric Activation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Performance

The purpose of this study was to examine whether variability in gaze behavior and cortical activation would differentiate expert (n = 12) and nonexpert (n = 13) small-bore rifle shooters. Spectral-activity and eye-movement data were collected concurrently during the course of a regulation indoor sequence of 40 shots from the standing position. Experts exhibited significantly superior shooting performance, as well as a significantly longer quiet eye period preceding shot execution than did nonexperts. Additionally, expertise interacted with hemispheric activation levels: Experts demonstrated a significant increase in left-hemisphere alpha and beta power, accompanied by a reduction in right-hemisphere alpha and beta power, during the preparatory period just prior to the shot. Nonexperts exhibited similar hemispheric asymmetry, but to a lesser extent than did experts. Findings suggest systematic expertise-related differences in ocular and cortical activity during the preparatory phase leading up to the trigger pull that reflects more optimal organization of the neural structures needed to achieve high-level performance.

Polysomnographic Findings in Nights Preceding a Migraine Attack

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Göder ◽  
G Fritzer ◽  
A Kapsokalyvas ◽  
P Kropp ◽  
U Niederberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Rem Density ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Sleep Alterations ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Sleep recordings were performed in eight patients to analyse sleep alterations preceding migraine attacks. Polysomnographic recordings from nights before an attack were compared with nights without following migraine. We analysed standard sleep parameters and electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra. The main findings preceding migraine attacks were a significant decrease in the number of arousals, a decrease in rapid eye movement (REM) density, a significant decrease of beta power in the slow wave sleep, and a decrease of alpha power during the first REM period. The results suggest a decrease in cortical activation during sleep preceding migraine attacks. According to the models of sleep regulation, alterations in the function of aminergic or cholinergic brainstem nuclei have to be discussed.

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