Detection of sexually transmitted pathogens and co-infection with human papillomavirus in women residing in rural Eastern Cape, South Africa

Background South African women of reproductive age have a high burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, there is limited information on the prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens in women from rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The study aims at determining the prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogens and co-infection with high-risk (HR) HPV among women from rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Methods A total of 205 cervical specimens were collected from women aged ≥ 30 years from a rural community-based clinic. The samples were tested for a panel of pathogenic STIs [Chlamydia trachomatis (serovars A-K & L1-L3), Haemophilus ducreyi, Herpes Simplex Virus (Types 1 & 2), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and pathobionts [Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma hominis (MH) and Ureaplasma spp. (UP)] using a multiplex PCR STD direct flow chip assay through a manual Hybrispot platform (Master Diagnostica, Granada, Spain). HR-HPV detection was performed by Hybrid Capture-2 assay. Results High-risk HPV prevalence was 32.2% (66/205) and HIV-1 prevalence was 38.5% (79/205). The overall prevalence of six pathogenic STIs was 22.9% (47/205), with TV having the highest prevalence (15.6%; 32/205). UP (70.2%, 144/205) and MH (36.6%, 75/205) were the most frequently detected pathobionts. Co-infection with ≥ 2 pathogens pathobionts was observed among 52.7% (108/205) participants. Of the six pathogenic STIs, three participants had more than one STI (1.46%) with the presence of MH and UP. HSV-2 (OR: 4.17, CI [1.184–14.690]) and HIV infection (OR: 2.11, CI [1.145–3.873]) were independent STIs associated with HR-HPV infection. Conclusions The high prevalence of pathogenic STIs underscores the need to improve syndromic management policy by implementing effective strategies of prevention, screening tests, and management. HSV-2 and HIV positive remain strongly associated with HR-HPV infection.

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High human papillomavirus prevalence among females attending high school in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0253074

Author(s):

Zizipho Z. A. Mbulawa ◽

Nontuthuzelo I. Somdyala ◽

Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda ◽

Anna-Lise Williamson

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

African Ancestry ◽

Vaccination Strategy ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Eastern Cape Province ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

Hpv Types ◽

The Impact

As part of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination strategy in South Africa, it is essential to have information on HPV prevalence, and HPV types distribution among the unvaccinated population. Information on the prevalence of HPV and the distribution of HPV types in adolescents and young women in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province is minimal. Therefore, this study investigates the prevalence, distribution of HPV types, and factors associated with HPV infection amongst unvaccinated female learners. A sample composed of 213 sexually active female learners attending high schools in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa; median age 18 years, who provided self-collected vaginal specimens. Roche Linear Array HPV genotyping assay that detects 37 HPV genotypes was used to detect HPV infection. HPV infection was detected in 76.06% (162/213) of participants. Of these 14.55% (31/213) were positive for HPV types targeted by the Cervarix® HPV vaccine (HPV-16 and/or 18), 20.66% (44/213) by Gardasil®4 (HPV-6, -11, -16 and/or -18) and 37.09% (79/213) by Gardasil®9 (HPV-6, -11, -16, -18, -31, -33, -45, -52 and/or -58). HPV-35, commonly detected in cervical cancer cases among women of African ancestry, was frequently detected (9.40%). Participants who reported to have ever consumed alcohol had a significantly higher risk of HPV infection (OR: 2.91, 95% CI: 1.38–6.11, p = 0.005). High HPV prevalence was observed among participants. The high prevalence of HPV types targeted by the Gardasil®9 vaccine encourages the introduction of the Gardasil®9 vaccine. Data from this study will inform both vaccination campaigns and monitor the impact on HPV types after vaccination.

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Prevalence high risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV-infected women from Belém, Pará, Amazon region of Brazil: A cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-27466/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline Monteiro ◽

Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca ◽

Tuane Ferreira ◽

Luana Rodrigues ◽

Andreza Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the world. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genotype diversity of HPV infection in HIV-infected women.Methods: From April 2010 to December 2012 cervical specimens were collected from 169 HIV-infected women who screening for cervical cancer at Reference Unit in Belém. The detection of HPV infection was performed by nested PCR and HPV type was performed using the commercial kit.Results: The prevalence of HPV infection was 63,3%. Of the 47 genotyped samples, 40,4% was found positive for high risk-HPV 16 and 12.8% for high risk-HPV 52. HPV infection was predominant in the group of women with no incidence of cytological abnormalities and more prevalent in women of reproductive age, unmarried, low education level and who used condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed an association between HPV infection and independent variables, such as condom use, multiple sexual partners and history of sexually transmitted diseases.Conclusions: High-risk types of HPV infection were prevalent in our study. Infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes may potentiate the development of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women.

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Prevalence of High Risk HPV in HIV-Infected Women From Belém, Pará, Amazon Region of Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.649152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline Cortinhas Monteiro ◽

Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca ◽

Tuane Carolina de Sousa Ferreira ◽

Luana Lorena Silva Rodrigues ◽

Andreza Reis Brasil da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiple Sexual Partners ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

High Risk Hpv

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genotype diversity of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. From April 2010 to December 2012 cervical specimens were collected from 169 HIV-infected women who screening for cervical cancer at Reference Unit in Belém. The detection of HPV infection was performed by nested PCR and HPV type was performed using a commercial system. The prevalence of HPV infection was 63.3%. Of the 47 genotyped samples, 40.4% was found positive for high risk-HPV 16 and 12.8% for high risk-HPV 52. HPV infection was predominant in the group of women with no incidence of cytological abnormalities and more prevalent in women of reproductive age, unmarried, low education level, and who reported use condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed an association between HPV infection and independent variables, such as condom use, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. High-risk types of HPV infection were prevalent in our study. Infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes may potentiate the development of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women.

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ATTITUDES OF PREINITIATES TOWARDS TRADITIONAL MALE CIRCUMCISION IN THE CONTEXT OF HIV IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2008.36.8.1023 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 1023-1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Karl Peltzer ◽

Ayanda Nqeketo ◽

George Petros ◽

Xola Kanta

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Male Circumcision ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior ◽

Sexual Debut ◽

Eastern Cape Province ◽

Sex Partners ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

The Past

The aim of this study was to assess attitudes of preinitiates towards traditional Male Circumcision (MC) in the context of HIV. The sample included 350 Xhosa preinitiates recruited from 3 different recruitment sites during the preparation prior to MC in the Eastern Cape province. Results indicated that: 10% were to be circumcised before their sexual debut and reported a great deal of sexual risk behavior; 9% had been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection in the past 12 months; 20% reported that they had had 3 or more sex partners in their lives; and 47% had not used a condom the last time they had sex. Reasons and attitudes, including barriers, towards MC as well as risky sexual behavior found in this study need to be considered in MC programming.

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Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Urine Samples of Asymptomatic Male Sexual Partners of Women with Sexually Transmitted Diseases

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111706 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11706

Author(s):

Hyunwoo Jin ◽

Dong Hyeok Kim ◽

Kyung Eun Lee

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Sexual Partners ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Male Sexual Partners

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in males is associated with various cancers, including cervical cancer in women and penile and bladder cancers in men. However, there is limited research on the prevalence and prevention of male HPV infection. Moreover, a rapid test that can prevent the increase in HPV infection is needed. In this study, the prevalence of sexually transmitted pathogen (STP) and HPV infection was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in random urine samples collected from asymptomatic male sexual partners of women with sexually transmitted diseases. Among 130 men, 65 (50.0%) had STP and 12 (9.23%) had HPV infection. There was no association between STP and HPV infection. Among 12 cases of HPV infection, three were HPV-16 single infections, six were multiple infections, including HPV-16, and three of other high-risk HPV infections. Our results suggest the need for STP testing, including HPV testing, in sexual partners of high-risk women with sexually transmitted diseases, even in men without clinical symptoms (asymptomatic). Further research should be conducted by diversifying urine samples. We report the most convenient method for HPV detection, and it is expected to be widely applied to prevent sexually transmitted diseases in men and women.

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The Genotype of Human Papilloma Virus of Male Patient with Anogenital Warts

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v55i2.14334 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Dwi Murtiastutik ◽

Gondo Mastutik ◽

Alphania Rahniayu ◽

Afria Arista ◽

Trisniartami Setyaningrum

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Single Infection ◽

Anogenital Warts ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Biopsy Specimens

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. HPV high risk (HPVHR) were HPV16,18 related with invasive penile carcinomas, and HPV low risk (HPVLR) were HPV6,11 related to anogenital warts. Male infection is usually asymptomatic that it would be explain increasing the incidence of HPV associated cancers. Identification HPV genotype is very important for predicting the development of the diseases, to be benign or malignant cancer. The objective of this study was to identify the genotype of HPV that infect men with anogential warts. This research used 12 biopsy specimens from men patient with anogenital warts at Outpatient clinic of Department Dermatology and Venereology, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital period 2016-2017. The specimens were diagnozed by pathologist and HPV gentoyping was done to detect 40 HPV genotype including HPVHR and HPVLR. The result showed that 58% (7/12) were positive for HPVLR and 42% (5/12) were positive for HPV LR/HR. The genotype HPV that infected men patient with anogenital warts is HPVLR (HPV6,11) and HPVHR (HPV18,51,52,82) with single infection of HPVLR or mutiple infection HPVLR/LR or HPVLR/HR. The infection of HPVHR would be develops to be malignant transformation. It suggested that HPV genotype needs to be checked the for the anogenital warts cases for predicting the development of the diseases.

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The ways of reducing diagnostic and therapeutic aggression of the patients with HPV-infection in reproductive age

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2017.125.51 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

N.M. Voloshena ◽

◽

E.D. Zvantseva ◽

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Viral Load ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cervical Neoplasia ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Etiologic Factor ◽

Sexually Transmitted

The problem of early diagnostics and prevention of cervical cancer is actual in Ukraine.The leading etiologic factor in the genesis of cervical neoplasia and a number of other organs is Human papillomavirus (HPV). The human papillomavirus is sexually transmitted and has high contagiosity. Cancer prevention consists in effective screening, early detection and treatment of pathological changes in the cervix. The aggressive treatment of diseases caused by (HPV) has been replaced by a tactic of a differentiated approach, taking into account to the age of the woman and her reproductive plans. The objective: was to study the efficacy and tolerability of the combined use of Proteflazid® systemically in drops form and locally in the form of suppositories for 3 months in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of lung and moderate severity (CIN 1 and CIN 2) associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV); determination on the basis of the results of the need for further destructive treatment. Materials and methods. For the period from July 2016 to September 2017, we examined and treated 86 women with morphologically confirmed intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix associated with HPV infection. Results. Based on the performed studies, it was found that 6 months after treatment with Proteplasid® systemically and locally for 3 months, regression of CIN was noted in 93% of patients. In all cases, a reduction in viral load of more than 2 Lg of HPV/105, which is a marker of the effectiveness of antiviral therapy, has been recorded. Six months after treatment in 84% of patients and 9 months in 88%, there was complete elimination of HPV or reduced viral load to clinically insignificant values – less than 3 Lg. Conclusion. The drug Proteflazid® suppositories and drops contributes to the elimination of human papillomavirus (HPV) and other viral-bacterial infections and reduces the risk of cervical neoplasia. Key words: cervical cancer, screening, cervical neoplasia, Human papillomavirus, viral-bacterial infections, Proteflazid®.

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HPV-associated cancers

memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology ◽

10.1007/s12254-019-00551-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 352-356

Author(s):

Christoph Minichsdorfer

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Vaccination Programs ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Associated Lesions ◽

Anal Cancer Screening

SummaryHuman papilloma virus (HPV) is a DNA virus consisting of approximately 8000 base pairs. HPV represents the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Around 200 different genotypes exist. They are distinguished into low- and high-risk genotypes, depending on the risk of such HPV-associated lesions undergoing malignant transformation. The high-risk genotypes include HPV 16 and 18, which are responsible for a variety of human cancers. The most common malignancies that are associated with HPV infection are cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer and anal cancer. Screening for HPV precursor lesions in women has led to a drastic reduction in cervical cancer morbidity and mortality in the last 30 years. Unfortunately no such screening tests are available for other HPV-associated malignancies. With the advent of HPV vaccination programs a marked decrease in the prevalence of HPV was reached in vaccinated individuals. However, since these programs were initiated around 2009 the full effect on the incidence of HPV-associated cancers cannot be fully estimated yet.

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Concerns about disclosing a high-risk cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection to a sexual partner: a systematic review and thematic synthesis

BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health ◽

10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200503 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bmjsrh-2019-200503

Author(s):

Kirsty F Bennett ◽

Jo Waller ◽

Mairead Ryan ◽

Julia V Bailey ◽

Laura A V Marlow

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Sexual Partner ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Thematic Synthesis ◽

Rich Information ◽

High Risk Hpv

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)-based cervical screening is now replacing cytology-based screening in several countries and many women in screening programmes will consequently receive HPV-positive results. Because of the sexually transmitted nature of HPV, receiving an HPV-positive result may raise questions about disclosing the infection to a sexual partner.ObjectiveTo review the quantitative and qualitative literature exploring women’s concerns about disclosing a high-risk cervical HPV infection to a sexual partner.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science and EMBASE for studies reporting at least one disclosure-related outcome among women with high-risk HPV. We also searched the grey literature and carried out forward/backward citation searches. A narrative synthesis for quantitative studies and a thematic synthesis for qualitative studies were conducted.ResultsThirteen articles met the inclusion criteria (12 qualitative, 1 quantitative). In the quantitative study, 60% of HPV-positive women felt disclosing an HPV result was ‘risky’. Concerns about disclosing HPV to a sexual partner were influenced by the stigma that is associated with having an STI and uncertainty about how their partner would respond. Women questioned how, when and to whom they should disclose their HPV-positive status.ConclusionsThe studies included in this review provide rich information about the range of concerns women have, the reasons for these concerns, and the questions women have about disclosing HPV to sexual partners. As studies were predominantly qualitative, the prevalence of concerns is unclear.

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Modern concepts of epidemiologyHPV-infection

Journal of obstetrics and women s diseases ◽

10.17816/jowd6253-14 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 3-14

Author(s):

Kseniya Yevgenyevna Semenova ◽

Armine Robertovna Khachaturyan

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Age Groups ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Dna Testing ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Hpv Dna Testing

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is widespread sexually transmitted infection, which is defined by high risk of contagion and high cancer potential. HPV extension depends on patiens age, residence, opportunites of diagnostics, etc. There are general methods of HPV-diagnostics such as HPV DNA testing, cytological, hystological methods, which are not always useful in detection of transitory and persistent HPV-infection forms. Nowadays, there is acute need to develop new diagnostic and prognostic methods, treatment strategies for patients from various age groups, having different infection formss.

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