scholarly journals Comparative analysis morphology, anatomical structure and transcriptional regulatory network of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Oryza longistaminata, O. sativa and their F1 generation

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12099
Author(s):  
Zhihang Hu ◽  
Xinyu Chen ◽  
Liexiang Huangfu ◽  
Shaobo Shao ◽  
Xiang Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Middle Position ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Oryza Longistaminata

Oryza longistaminata, a perennial wild species, is widely distributed in the African continent. It has strong tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and high biomass production on poor soils. Chlorophyll biosynthesis is important for photosynthesis in rice. However, the chlorophyll biosynthesis and related gene profiles of O. longistaminata and its descendants remained unclear. Here, the F1 generation of O. sativa and O. longistaminata were obtained. Then, the comparative analysis morphology, anatomical structure, and transcriptional regulatory networks of chlorophyll biosynthesis were detected and analyzed. Results showed that the F1 generation has obvious long awn, similar with that of the male parent. The purple color of the long awn is different from that of the male parent. Microstructural results showed that the flag leaves of F1 have large mesophyll cell gaps in the upper- and lower-positions, small mesophyll cell gaps in the middle position, and more chloroplasts. Increased chlorophyll content was also observed in the F1 generation. In the lower-position flag leaves, the total chlorophyll contents of F1 were 1.55 and 1.5 times those of O. sativa and O. longistaminata, respectively. POR, MgCH and HEMA1 showed higher expression levels than the other related genes selected in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. The HEMA1 expression level in the middle-position flag leaves of O. longistaminata was the highest, and it was 2.83 and 2.51 times that of O. sativa and F1, respectively. The expression level of DVR gene in lower-position flag leaves of F1 were 93.16% and 95.06% lower than those of O. sativa and O. longistaminata, respectively. This study provided a potential reference for studying the photosynthesis and heterosis utilization of O. longistaminata.

scholarly journals Effect of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes on the leaf color in Hosta (Hosta plantaginea Aschers) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingying Zhang ◽  
Changhai Sui ◽  
Huimin Liu ◽  
Jinjiao Chen ◽  
Zhilin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Structure Changes

Abstract Background ‘Regal Splendour’ (Hosta variety) is famous for its multi-color leaves, which are useful resources for exploring chloroplast development and color changes. The expressions of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes (HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO) in Hosta have been demonstrated to be associated with leaf color. Herein, we isolated, sequenced, and analyzed HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes. Subcellular localization was also performed to determine the location of the corresponding enzymes. After plasmid construction, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was carried out to reduce the expressions of those genes. In addition, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO-overexpressing tobacco plants were made to verify the genes function. Changes of transgenic tobacco were recorded under 2000 lx, 6000 lx and 10,000 lx light intensity. Additionally, the contents of enzyme 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG), chlorophyll a and b (Chla and Chlb), carotenoid (Cxc), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro) and catalase (CAT) under different light intensities were evaluated. Results The silencing of HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes can induce leaf yellowing and chloroplast structure changes in Hosta. Specifically, leaves of Hosta with HrCAO silencing were the most affected, while those with HrPOR silencing were the least affected. Moreover, all three genes in tobacco were highly expressed, whereas no expression was detected in wild-type (WT). However, the sensitivities of the three genes to different light intensities were different. The highest expression level of HrHEMA and HrPOR was detected under 10,000 lx of illumination, while HrCAO showed the highest expression level under 6000 lx. Lastly, the 5-ALA, Chla, Cxc, SOD, POD, MDA, Pro and CAT contents in different transgenic tobaccos changed significantly under different light intensities. Conclusion The overexpression of these three genes in tobacco enhanced photosynthesis by accumulating chlorophyll content, but the influential level varied under different light intensities. Furthermore, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing in tobacco can enhance the antioxidant capacity of plants to cope with stress under higher light intensity. However, under lower light intensity, the antioxidant capacity was declined in HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing tobaccos.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the anatomical structure of heartwood and sapwood selected Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. trees in Srpska Crnja

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-836
Author(s):  
Dragica Vilotic ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic ◽  
Danijela Miljkovic ◽  
Mirjana Ocokoljic ◽  
M. Rebic
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Capillary System

This paper shows the results obtained from the study of the macroscopic-microscopic structure (capillary system) in the growth stem of Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. originating from North America, which grows in ?Muzljanski rit? in the area of Srpska Crnja. Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. falls under the ring-porous species according to its porosity, with large tracheas in its early zone. The early zone trachea lumens, contained in the sapwood, reach dimensions of up to 160 ?m, while early zone trachea lumens in the growth stem rings of the sapwood reach dimensions of up to 120 ?m. Examination of the microscopic structure of this tree show good properties of the tree.

scholarly journals A Very Oil Yellow1 modifier of the Oil Yellow1-N1989 allele uncovers a cryptic phenotypic impact of cis-regulatory variation in maize

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajdeep S. Khangura ◽  
Sandeep Marla ◽  
Bala P. Venkata ◽  
Nicholas J. Heller ◽  
Gurmukh S. Johal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Regulatory Sequence ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Magnesium Chelatase ◽  
Regulatory Variation

AbstractForward genetics determines the function of genes underlying trait variation by identifying the change in DNA responsible for changes in phenotype. Detecting phenotypically-relevant variation outside protein coding sequences and distinguishing this from neutral variants is not trivial; partly because the mechanisms by which DNA polymorphisms in the intergenic regions affect gene regulation are poorly understood. Here we utilized a dominant genetic marker with a convenient phenotype to investigate the effect of cis and trans-acting regulatory variation. We performed a forward genetic screen for natural variation that suppress or enhance the semi-dominant mutant allele Oy1-N1989, encoding the magnesium chelatase subunit I of maize. This mutant permits rapid phenotyping of leaf color as a reporter for chlorophyll accumulation, and mapping of natural variation in maize affecting chlorophyll metabolism. We identified a single modifier locus segregating between B73 and Mo17 that was linked to the reporter gene itself, which we call very oil yellow1. Based on the variation in OY1 transcript abundance and genome-wide association data, vey1 is predicted to consist of multiple cis-acting regulatory sequence polymorphisms encoded at the wild-type oy1 alleles. The vey1 allele appears to be a common polymorphism in the maize germplasm that alters the expression level of a key gene in chlorophyll biosynthesis. These vey1 alleles have no discernable impact on leaf chlorophyll in the absence of the Oy1-N1989 reporter. Thus, use of a mutant as a simple and efficient reporter for magnesium chelatase activity resulted in the detection of expression-level polymorphisms not readily visible in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Proteins Regulated during Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots Response in Arabidopsis thaliana Wild Type and Tolerant Mutants

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Valentina Gallo ◽  
Andrea Zappettini ◽  
Marco Villani ◽  
Nelson Marmiroli ◽  
Marta Marmiroli
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Transcriptional Elongation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Cds Qds

In previous work, two independent Arabidopsis thaliana Ac/Ds transposon insertional mutant lines, atnp01 and atnp02, were identified that showed a higher level of tolerance than the wild type (wt) line to cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs). The tolerance response was characterized at physiological, genetic and transcriptomic levels. In this work, a comparative analysis was performed on protein extracts from plantlets of the two mutants and of wt, each treated with 80 mg L−1 CdS QDs. A comparative protein analysis was performed by 2D-PAGE, and proteins were characterized by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Of 250 proteins identified from all three lines, 98 showed significant changes in relative abundance between control and CdS QD-treated plantlets. The wt, atnp01, and atnp02 control-treated pairs respectively showed 61, 31, and 31 proteins with differential expression. The two mutants had a different response to treatment in terms of type and quantity of up- and downregulated proteins. This difference became more striking when compared to wt. A network analysis of the proteins differentially expressed in atnp01 and atnp02 included several of those encoded by putative genes accommodating the transposons, which were responsible for regulation of some proteins identified in this study. These included nifu-like protein 3 (Nfu3), involved in chloroplast assembly, elongator complex 3 (Elo3), involved in transcriptional elongation, magnesium-chelate subunit-2 (Chli2), involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, and protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) which mediates abiotic stress response.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the expression level of recombinant ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase in GRAS hosts and mass production of the ginsenoside Rh2-Mix

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e0176098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi ◽  
Chang-Hao Cui ◽  
Seul-Ki Park ◽  
Nam Soo Han ◽  
Sun-Chang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Ginsenoside Rh2
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