scholarly journals The adaptive value of habitat preferences from a multi-scale spatial perspective: insights from marsh-nesting avian species

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Jedlikowski ◽  
Mattia Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Scale Models

BackgroundHabitat selection and its adaptive outcomes are crucial features for animal life-history strategies. Nevertheless, congruence between habitat preferences and breeding success has been rarely demonstrated, which may result from the single-scale evaluation of animal choices. As habitat selection is a complex multi-scale process in many groups of animal species, investigating adaptiveness of habitat selection in a multi-scale framework is crucial. In this study, we explore whether habitat preferences acting at different spatial scales enhance the fitness of bird species, and check the appropriateness of single vs. multi-scale models. We expected that variables found to be more important for habitat selection at individual scale(s), would coherently play a major role in affecting nest survival at the same scale(s).MethodsWe considered habitat preferences of two Rallidae species, little crake (Zapornia parva) and water rail (Rallus aquaticus), at three spatial scales (landscape, territory, and nest-site) and related them to nest survival. Single-scale versus multi-scale models (GLS and glmmPQL) were compared to check which model better described adaptiveness of habitat preferences. Consistency between the effect of variables on habitat selection and on nest survival was checked to investigate their adaptive value.ResultsIn both species, multi-scale models for nest survival were more supported than single-scale ones. In little crake, the multi-scale model indicated vegetation density and water depth at the territory scale, as well as vegetation height at nest-site scale, as the most important variables. The first two variables were among the most important for nest survival and habitat selection, and the coherent effects suggested the adaptive value of habitat preferences. In water rail, the multi-scale model of nest survival showed vegetation density at territory scale and extent of emergent vegetation within landscape scale as the most important ones, although we found a consistent effect with the habitat selection model (and hence evidence for adaptiveness) only for the former.DiscussionOur work suggests caution when interpreting adaptiveness of habitat preferences at a single spatial scale because such an approach may under- or over-estimate the importance of habitat factors. As an example, we found evidence only for a weak effect of water depth at territory scale on little crake nest survival; however, according to the multi-scale analysis, such effect turned out to be important and appeared highly adaptive. Therefore, multi-scale approaches to the study of adaptive explanations for habitat selection mechanisms should be promoted.

scholarly journals The Winter Habitat Selection of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Based on a Multi-Scale Model

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2454
Author(s):  
Yue Sun ◽  
Yanze Yu ◽  
Jinhao Guo ◽  
Minghai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Optimal Scale ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Selection Of

Single-scale frameworks are often used to analyze the habitat selections of species. Research on habitat selection can be significantly improved using multi-scale models that enable greater in-depth analyses of the scale dependence between species and specific environmental factors. In this study, the winter habitat selection of red deer in the Gogostaihanwula Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia, was studied using a multi-scale model. Each selected covariate was included in multi-scale models at their “characteristic scale”, and we used an all subsets approach and model selection framework to assess habitat selection. The results showed that: (1) Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the response scale of red deer to environmental factors was different among different covariate. The optimal scale of the single covariate was 800–3200 m, slope (SLP), altitude (ELE), and ratio of deciduous broad-leaved forests were 800 m in large scale, except that the farmland ratio was 200 m in fine scale. The optimal scale of road density and grassland ratio is both 1600 m, and the optimal scale of net forest production capacity is 3200 m; (2) distance to forest edges, distance to cement roads, distance to villages, altitude, distance to all road, and slope of the region were the most important factors affecting winter habitat selection. The outcomes of this study indicate that future studies on the effectiveness of habitat selections will benefit from multi-scale models. In addition to increasing interpretive and predictive capabilities, multi-scale habitat selection models enhance our understanding of how species respond to their environments and contribute to the formulation of effective conservation and management strategies for ungulata.

An Object-Oriented Analysis of Complex Numerical Models

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 1356-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Macioł ◽  
Romain Bureau ◽  
Christof Sommitsch
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Object Oriented Design ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Modelling Methodology

Modelling the behaviour of metal alloys during their thermo-mechanical processing relies on the physical and mathematical description of numerous phenomena occurring in several space scales and evolving on different characteristic times. Although it is possible to develop complicated multi-scale models, it is often simpler to simulate each phenomenon separately in a single-scale model and link all the models together in a global structure responsible for their good interaction. Such a structure is relatively difficult to design. Both efficiency and flexibility must be well balanced, keeping in mind the character of scientific computing. In that context, the Agile Multiscale Modelling Methodology (AM3) has been developed in order to support the object-oriented designing of complex numerical models [. In this paper, the application of the AM3 for designing a model of the metal alloy behaviour is presented. The basis and some consequences of the application of the Object-Oriented design of a sub-models structure are investigated. The object-oriented (OO) design of a 3 internal variables model of the dislocations evolution is presented and compared to the procedural one. The main advantages and disadvantages of the OO design of numerical models are pointed out.

scholarly journals Optimization of spatial scale, but not functional shape, affects the performance of habitat suitability models: a case study of tigers (Panthera tigris) in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-474
Author(s):  
Eric Ash ◽  
David W. Macdonald ◽  
Samuel A. Cushman ◽  
Adisorn Noochdumrong ◽  
Tim Redford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Habitat Suitability Models ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Optimized Model

Abstract Context Species habitat suitability models rarely incorporate multiple spatial scales or functional shapes of a species’ response to covariates. Optimizing models for these factors may produce more robust, reliable, and informative habitat suitability models, which can be beneficial for the conservation of rare and endangered species, such as tigers (Panthera tigris). Objectives We provide the first formal assessment of the relative impacts of scale-optimization and shape-optimization on model performance and habitat suitability predictions. We explored how optimization influences conclusions regarding habitat selection and mapped probability of occurrence. Methods We collated environmental variables expected to affect tiger occurrence, calculating focal statistics and landscape metrics at spatial scales ranging from 250 m to 16 km. We then constructed a set of presence–absence generalized linear models including: (1) single-scale optimized models (SSO); (2) a multi-scale optimized model (MSO); (3) single-scale shape-optimized models (SSSO) and (4) a multi-scale- and shape-optimized model (MSSO). We compared performance and resulting prediction maps for top performing models. Results The SSO (16 km), SSSO (16 km), MSO, and MSSO models performed equally well (AUC > 0.9). However, these differed substantially in prediction and mapped habitat suitability, leading to different ecological understanding and potentially divergent conservation recommendations. Habitat selection was highly scale-dependent and the strongest relationships with environmental variables were at the broadest scales analysed. Modelling approach had a substantial influence in variable importance among top models. Conclusions Our results suggest that optimization of the scale of resource selection is crucial in modelling tiger habitat selection. However, in this analysis, shape-optimization did not improve model performance.

scholarly journals The Development of Multi-scale Data Management for CityGML-based 3D Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-94
Author(s):  
Hairi Karim ◽  
Alias Abdul Rahman ◽  
Suhaibah Azri ◽  
Zurairah Halim
Keyword(s):  
City Development ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Levels Of Detail ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Efficient Information ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Multi Scales

The CityGML model is now the norm for smart city or digital twin city development for better planning, management, risk-related modelling and other applications. CityGML comes with five levels of detail (LoD), mainly constructed from point cloud measurements and images of several systems, resulting in a variety of accuracies and detailed models. The LoDs, also known as pre-defined multi-scale models, require large storage-memory-graphic consumption compared to single scale models. Furthermore, these multi-scales have redundancy in geometries, attributes, are costly in terms of time and workload in updating tasks, and are difficult to view in a single viewer. It is essential for data owners to engage with a suitable multi-scale spatial management solution in minimizes the drawbacks of the current implementation. The proper construction, control and management of multi-scale models are needed to encourage and expedite data sharing among data owners, agencies, stakeholders and public users for efficient information retrieval and analyses. This paper discusses the construction of the CityGML model with different LoDs using several datasets. A scale unique ID is introduced to connect all respective LoDs for cross-LoD information queries within a single viewer. The paper also highlights the benefits of intermediate outputs and limitations of the proposed solution, as well as suggestions for the future.

Degradation Modeling Research of Biodegradable Tissue Engineering Scaffold

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 642-651
Author(s):  
Tao Hong Zhang ◽  
Shou Gang Xu ◽  
De Zheng Zhang ◽  
Aziguli Wulamu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffold ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Degradation Modeling ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Scale Models

Although the degradation modeling of tissue engineering scaffold is in its initial step, it can direct the design, optimization of scaffold and help the application in medical case of illness. This paper analyzes the modeling methods and gives the speciality of every model which is put forward by researchers in China and abroad about the degradation of tissue engineering scaffold. These models are divided into micro scale, macro scale and two scale models based on the modeling scales. The recent research is belonging to single scale modeling. Some researchers abroad probed to two scale modeling. The future model is prospected in multi scale coupling macro, micro, and meta-macro model.

scholarly journals Multi-scale immunoepidemiological modeling of within-host and between-host HIV dynamics: systematic review of mathematical models

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargesalsadat Dorratoltaj ◽  
Ryan Nikin-Beers ◽  
Stanca M. Ciupe ◽  
Stephen G. Eubank ◽  
Kaja M. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Hiv Dynamics ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
The Individual

Objective The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of multi-scale HIV immunoepidemiological models to improve our understanding of the synergistic impact between the HIV viral-immune dynamics at the individual level and HIV transmission dynamics at the population level. Background While within-host and between-host models of HIV dynamics have been well studied at a single scale, connecting the immunological and epidemiological scales through multi-scale models is an emerging method to infer the synergistic dynamics of HIV at the individual and population levels. Methods We reviewed nine articles using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework that focused on the synergistic dynamics of HIV immunoepidemiological models at the individual and population levels. Results HIV immunoepidemiological models simulate viral immune dynamics at the within-host scale and the epidemiological transmission dynamics at the between-host scale. They account for longitudinal changes in the immune viral dynamics of HIV+ individuals, and their corresponding impact on the transmission dynamics in the population. They are useful to analyze the dynamics of HIV super-infection, co-infection, drug resistance, evolution, and treatment in HIV+ individuals, and their impact on the epidemic pathways in the population. We illustrate the coupling mechanisms of the within-host and between-host scales, their mathematical implementation, and the clinical and public health problems that are appropriate for analysis using HIV immunoepidemiological models. Conclusion HIV immunoepidemiological models connect the within-host immune dynamics at the individual level and the epidemiological transmission dynamics at the population level. While multi-scale models add complexity over a single-scale model, they account for the time varying immune viral response of HIV+ individuals, and the corresponding impact on the time-varying risk of transmission of HIV+ individuals to other susceptibles in the population.

Multi-Scale Analysis of the UHVDC Transmission Tower

2014 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 383-386
Author(s):  
Chun Cheng Liu ◽  
Wen Qiang Li ◽  
Shang Yu Hou ◽  
Zhao Wen He ◽  
Fan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Beam Element ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Transmission Tower ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Scale Models

In order to analyze the mechanical properties of UHVDC transmission tower joint accurately, a multi-scale finite element model of the transmission tower is established with the interface between solid element model and beam element model. The model is applied to the nonlinear analysis of a key joint in a test condition .The results show that the tower destruction is caused by buckling behavior of the cross bracing member and the multi-scale model can simulate the force state of gusset-plate and the connected members realistically, which is superior to traditional large scale models. The analysis coincides with the experiment well and provides references for the transmission tower design.

Mountain Plover habitat selection and nest survival in relation to weather variability and spatial attributes of black-tailed prairie dog disturbance

The Condor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney J Duchardt ◽  
Jeffrey L Beck ◽  
David J Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Nest Survival ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Prairie Dog ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Nest Failure ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Vegetation Height

Abstract Habitat loss and altered disturbance regimes have led to declines in many species of grassland and sagebrush birds, including the imperiled Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus). In certain parts of their range Mountain Plovers rely almost exclusively on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies as nesting habitat. Previous studies have examined Mountain Plover nest and brood survival on prairie dog colonies, but little is known about how colony size and shape influence these vital rates or patterns of habitat selection. We examined how (1) adult habitat utilization, (2) nest-site selection, and (3) nest success responded to a suite of local- and site-level variables on large prairie dog colony complexes in northeastern Wyoming. Abundance of adult Mountain Plovers was highest on points within older, “medium”-sized (100–500 ha) colonies with high cover of annual forbs and bare ground (5.8 birds km−2), but lower on extremely large (>2,000 ha) colonies (2.1 birds km−2). Nest sites were characterized by high proportions of annual forbs and bare ground and low cactus cover and vegetation height. Nest survival was higher for older nests, and nests with lower cactus cover, and decreased with increasing temperatures. Uncertainty was high for models of daily nest survival, potentially because of 2 competing sources of nest failure: nest depredation and nest abandonment or inviability of eggs. Drivers of these 2 sources of nest failure differed, with inclement weather and higher temperatures associated with nest abandonment or egg inviability. We highlight how prairie dogs alter vegetation structure and bare ground heterogeneously across the landscape, and how this in turn influences bird abundance and nest distribution at different temporal and spatial scales. Furthermore, our work reveals how partitioning the causes of nest failure during nest survival analyses enhances understanding of survival rate covariates.

A multi-scale analysis of habitat selection in peripheral populations of the endangered Dupont’s Lark Chersophilus duponti

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN PÉREZ-GRANADOS ◽  
GERMÁN M. LÓPEZ-IBORRA ◽  
JAVIER SEOANE
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Dupont’S Lark ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Patch Scale ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryHabitat selection of endangered species in peripheral populations must be considered when designing effective conservation plans, as these populations tend to occupy atypical habitats where species-environment relationships are not well understood. We examined patterns of habitat use in peripheral populations of the endangered Dupont’s Lark Chersophilus duplonti using a multi-scale approach and assessed the spatiotemporal transferability of these models to test for their generality. Our results show that at microhabitat (circles of 50-m diameter used by the species versus random points) and macrohabitat (occupied/unoccupied squares of 1 ha) scales the species selected flat and non-forested areas, but at the microhabitat scale the cover of small shrubs was also important. Models developed at patch scale (occupied /unoccupied sites) identified only site size as an important predictor of species occurrence. Habitat models transferred successfully among sites and years, which suggests that these models and our recommendations may be extrapolated over a larger geographic area. A multi-scale approach was used for identifying conservation requirements at different spatial scales. At the patch scale our models confirm it is a priority to maintain or enlarge the extent of habitat patches to ensure the viability of the studied metapopulation. At the macrohabitat scale our results suggest that reducing tree density in low slope areas would be the most effective management action. At the microhabitat scale, encouraging the presence of small and medium-sized shrubs, by clearing certain scrubs (e.g. large brooms Genista spp. and rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis) or promoting traditional low-level extensive grazing, should increase the availability of high-quality habitats for the species, and thus the number of potential territories within a patch. These recommendations largely coincide with the ones given for core populations at specific scales elsewhere.

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