scholarly journals Characteristics and risk factors of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States: an NHANES analysis

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Xu ◽  
Jin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
United States ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hispanic White

Background We examined the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database to determine factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults 20 to 55 years of age. Methods NHANES data collected between 2007 and 2014, excluding the 2011–2012 period, were used. Subjects were divided into those with and without RA. Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors were compared between the groups. Results After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 8,789 persons were included in the study (8,483 without RA, 306 with RA). Multivariable analysis indicated that advanced age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 95% CI [1.07–1.11], P < 0.001), regular smoking (OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.49–3.21], P < 0.001), diabetes (OR = 2.00, 95% CI [1.35–2.95], P = 0.001), obesity (reference, normal or underweight; OR = 3.31, 95% CI [2.05–5.36], P < 0.001), and osteoporosis (OR = 3.68, 95% CI [1.64–8.22], P = 0.002) were positively associated with RA. Covered by health insurance (OR = 1.81, 95% CI [1.12–2.93], P = 0.016) and living in poverty (OR = 2.96, 95% CI [1.88–4.65], P < 0.001) were also associated with having RA. Mexican American, Hispanic white or other Hispanic ethnicity (reference, non-Hispanic white; OR = 0.54, 95% CI [0.31–0.96], P = 0.036), appropriate sleep duration (about 6–11 h, OR = 0.46, 95% CI [0.32–0.65], P < 0.001), and insufficient vitamin A intake (reference, recommended; OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.50–0.98], P = 0.036) were negatively associated with RA. Discussion Some factors associated with RA are potentially modifiable.

scholarly journals Dietary Sodium Intake and Sodium Density in the United States: Estimates From NHANES 2005–2006 and 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-830
Author(s):  
Jiun-Ruey Hu ◽  
Shivani Sahni ◽  
Kenneth J Mukamal ◽  
Courtney L Millar ◽  
Yingfei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hispanic Adults ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Sodium

Abstract BACKGROUND In the United States, current guidelines recommend a total sodium intake &lt;2,300 mg/day, a guideline which does not consider kilocalorie intake. However, kilocalorie intake varies substantially by age and sex. We hypothesized that compared with sodium density, total sodium intake overestimates adherence to sodium recommendations, especially in adults consuming fewer kilocalories. METHODS In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we estimated the prevalence of adherence to sodium intake recommendations (&lt;2,300 mg/day) and corresponding sodium density intake (&lt;1.1 mg/kcal = 2,300 mg at 2,100 kcal) by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and kilocalorie level. Adherence estimates were compared between the 2005–2006 (n = 5,060) and 2015–2016 (n = 5,266) survey periods. RESULTS In 2005–2006, 23.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.5, 24.9) of the US population consumed &lt;2,300 mg of sodium/day, but only 8.5% (CI: 7.6, 9.4) consumed &lt;1.1 mg/kcal in sodium density. In 2015–2016, these figures were 20.9% (CI: 18.8, 23.2) and 5.1% (CI: 4.4, 6.0), respectively. In 2015–2016, compared with 2005–2006, adherence by sodium density decreased more substantially (odds ratio = 0.59; CI: 0.48, 0.72; P &lt; 0.001) than adherence by total sodium consumption (odds ratio = 0.85; CI: 0.73, 0.98; P = 0.03). The difference in adherence between total sodium and sodium density goals was greater among those with lower kilocalorie intake, namely, older adults, women, and Hispanic adults. CONCLUSIONS Adherence estimated by sodium density is substantially less than adherence estimated by total sodium intake, especially among persons with lower kilocalorie intake. Further efforts to achieve population-wide reduction in sodium density intake are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Hypertension Control in the United States 2009 to 2018: Factors Underlying Falling Control Rates During 2015 to 2018 Across Age- and Race-Ethnicity Groups

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent M. Egan ◽  
Jiexiang Li ◽  
Susan E. Sutherland ◽  
Michael K. Rakotz ◽  
Gregory D. Wozniak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

Hypertension control (United States) increased from 1999 to 2000 to 2009 to 2010, plateaued during 2009 to 2014, then fell during 2015 to 2018. We sought explanatory factors for declining hypertension control and assessed whether specific age (18–39, 40–59, ≥60 years) or race-ethnicity groups (Non-Hispanic White, NH [B]lack, Hispanic) were disproportionately impacted. Adults with hypertension in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys during the plateau (2009–2014) and decline (2015–2018) in hypertension control were studied. Definitions: hypertension, blood pressure (mm Hg) ≥140 and/or ≥90 mm Hg or self-reported antihypertensive medications (Treated); Aware, ‘Yes” to, “Have you been told you have hypertension?”; Treatment effectiveness, proportion of treated adults controlled; control, blood pressure <140/<90. Comparing 2009 to 2014 to 2015 to 2018, blood pressure control fell among all adults (−7.5% absolute, P <0.001). Hypertension awareness (−3.4%, P =0.01), treatment (−4.6%, P =0.004), and treatment effectiveness (−6.0%, P <0.0001) fell, despite unchanged access to care (health care insurance, source, and visits [−0.2%, P =0.97]). Antihypertensive monotherapy rose (+4.2%, P =0.04), although treatment resistance factors increased (obesity +4.0%, P =0.02, diabetes +2.3%, P =0.02). Hypertension control fell across age (18–39 [−4.9%, P =0.30]; 40–59 [−9.9%, P =0.0003]; ≥60 years [−6.5%, P =0.005]) and race-ethnicity groups (Non-Hispanic White [−8.5%, P =0.0007]; NHB −7.4%, P =0.002]; Hispanic [−5.2%, P =0.06]). Racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension control versus Non-Hispanic White were attenuated after adjusting for modifiable factors including education, obesity and access to care; NHB (odds ratio, 0.79 unadjusted versus 0.84 adjusted); Hispanic (odds ratio 0.74 unadjusted versus 0.98 adjusted). Improving hypertension control and reducing disparities require greater and more equitable access to high quality health care and healthier lifestyles.

Self-Reports of Spousal Violence in a Mexican-American and Non-Hispanic White Population

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Sorenson ◽  
Cynthia A. Telles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
Mexican American Women ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Hispanic White

As part of a survey of Los Angeles households, 1,243 Mexican Americans and 1,149 non-Hispanic whites were surveyed about their experiences of spousal violence. Questions to assess violence included both perpetration (whether they had been physically violent toward a partner) and victimization (whether they had been the victim of sexual assault by a partner). Over one-fifth (21.2%) of the respondents indicated that they had, at one or more times in their lives, hit or thrown things at their current or former spouse or partner. Spousal violence rates for Mexican Americans born in Mexico and non-Hispanic whites born in the United States were nearly equivalent (20.0% and 21.6%, respectively); rates were highest for Mexican Americans born in the United States (30.9%). While overall rates of sexual assault were lower for Mexican Americans, one-third of the most recent incidents reported by Mexico-born Mexican-American women involved the husband and approximated rape.

scholarly journals Impact of Targeted Local Interventions on Tuberculosis Awareness and Screening Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness During a Large Tuberculosis Outbreak in Atlanta, Georgia, 2015-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 90S-99S
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Kerr ◽  
Laura A. Vonnahme ◽  
Neela D. Goswami
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Homeless Shelters ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Annual Survey ◽  
Educational Campaigns

Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks disproportionately affect persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) in the United States. During 2014-2016, a resurgent TB outbreak occurred among PEH in Atlanta, Georgia. To control the outbreak, citywide policies and educational interventions were implemented in January 2015. Policy changes standardized and enforced TB screening requirements for PEH in homeless shelters. Educational campaigns informed PEH of the outbreak and encouraged TB screening. We evaluated factors associated with, and the effect policy changes and educational interventions had on, TB screening and awareness among PEH in Atlanta. Methods Questions related to TB screening and awareness of the outbreak were added to an annual US Department of Housing and Urban Development survey of PEH in Atlanta in 2015 (n = 296 respondents) and 2016 (n = 1325 respondents). We analyzed the 2016 survey data to determine characteristics associated with outcomes. Results From 2015 to 2016, reported TB screening increased from 81% to 86%, and awareness of the TB outbreak increased from 68% to 75%. In 2016, sheltered PEH were significantly more likely than unsheltered PEH to report being evaluated for TB in the previous 6 months (prevalence odds ratio [pOR] = 3.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.28-4.47) and to report being aware of the TB outbreak (pOR = 4.00; 95% CI, 2.89-5.55). Conclusions Implementation of required TB screening and educational interventions may reduce the incidence and severity of TB outbreaks among PEH in other communities. Furthermore, the annual survey of PEH offers an opportunity to collect data to better inform practices and policies.

Factors Associated With Early Deaths Following Neonatal Male Circumcision in the United States, 2001 to 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (13) ◽  
pp. 1532-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Earp ◽  
Veerajalandhar Allareddy ◽  
Veerasathpurush Allareddy ◽  
Alexandre T. Rotta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Inpatient Sample ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Circulatory Disorders

We sought to quantify early deaths following neonatal circumcision (same hospital admission) and to identify factors associated with such mortality. We performed a retrospective analysis of all infants who underwent circumcision in an inpatient hospital setting during the first 30 days of life from 2001 to 2010 using the National Inpatient Sample. Over 10 years, 200 early deaths were recorded among 9 833 110 subjects (1 death per 49 166 circumcisions). Note: this figure should not be interpreted as causal but correlational as it may include both undercounting and overcounting of deaths attributable to circumcision. Compared with survivors, subjects who died following newborn circumcision were more likely to have associated comorbid conditions, such as cardiac disease (odds ratio [OR] = 697.8 [378.5-1286.6]; P < .001), coagulopathy (OR = 159.6 [95.6-266.2]; P < .001), fluid and electrolyte disorders (OR = 68.2 [49.1-94.6]; P < .001), or pulmonary circulatory disorders (OR = 169.5 [69.7-412.5]; P < .001). Recognizing these factors could inform clinical and parental decisions, potentially reducing associated risks.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for the Development of Bacteremia in Previously Healthy Children with Non-typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S365-S365
Author(s):  
Bethany Burdick ◽  
Ankhi Dutta ◽  
Lauren Hess ◽  
Charles Minard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pediatric Study ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) causes approximately 1.2 million illnesses per year in the United States. There are very few pediatric studies which has investigated the risk factors for NTS bacteremia in healthy children with NTS gastroenteritis (NTS-AGE). Methods This was a retrospective study of children admitted to Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, with NTS-AGE from 2007–2016. Exclusion criteria included: patients aged ≤3 m or &gt; 18 years, immunodeficiencies, hemoglobinopathies, extraintestinal manifestations or those in whom blood cultures were not obtained. Demographics, clinical and laboratory data were collected from electronic medical records. Patients with NTS bacteremia (NTS-B) were compared with patients who were non-bacteremic (NTS-NB). Results Of 350 patients reviewed, 83 patients met inclusion criteria: 53 with NTS-B and 30 NTS-NB. The median age of diagnosis was 1.58 years (range 3.5 months-18 years). Thirty-nine patients (47.0%) were female and 44 (53.0%) were male. Majority of patients were non-Hispanic White (n = 70; 84.3%). The most common serotype was Salmonella Group C (n = 41(49.4%). There was no difference in risk factors between NTS-B vs. NTS-NB in terms of age, duration of diarrhea prior to admission, travel or pet exposure, prior antibiotic exposure or white blood cell count at presentation. Duration of fever prior to admission was statistically significant with median duration for NTS-B being 6.11 days compared with NTS-NB at 1.97 days (P = &#x2028;0.0000006). There was an increased trend for bacteremia in males and Salmonella Group C bacteremia (P = 0.07 and P = 0.08 respectively). Conclusion To our knowledge this is first pediatric study in the United States to evaluate risk factors for NTS bacteremia in healthy children with NTS-AGE. Duration of fever prior to admission was associated with increased risk of NTS-B along with increased trend with males and infection with Group C Salmonella. These risk factors should prompt clinicians to monitor patients with NTS-AGE closely and help in deciding whether antimicrobials are warranted or not. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Ingesting Self-Grown Produce and Seropositivity for Hepatitis E in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Diehl ◽  
Daniel J. Adams ◽  
Cade M. Nylund
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Interview

Background. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of hepatitis in developing and industrialized countries worldwide. The modes of HEV transmission in industrialized countries, including the United States, remain largely unknown. This study is aimed at evaluating the association between HEV seropositivity and consumption of self-grown foods in the United States. Methods. Cross-sectional data was extracted from the 2009–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data from the dietary interview and the serum HEV IgG and IgM enzyme immunoassay test results were linked and examined. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the significance and effect size of an association between self-grown food consumption and hepatitis E seropositivity. Results. The estimated HEV seroprevalence in the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population was 6.6% in 2009–2012, which corresponds to an estimated hepatitis E national seroprevalence of 17,196,457 people. Overall, 10.9% of participants who ingested self-grown foods had positive HEV antibodies versus 6.1% of participants who did not consume self-grown foods (P<0.001; odds ratio (OR) 1.87; 95% CI 1.41–2.48). In the age-stratified multivariable analysis, the correlation between ingesting self-grown foods and HEV seropositivity was significant for participants 40–59 years old, but not overall, or for those < 40 years or ≥60 years. Conclusions. Ingesting self-grown food, or simply the process of gardening/farming, may be a source of zoonotic HEV transmission.

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