scholarly journals Sprint interval exercise versus continuous moderate intensity exercise: acute effects on tissue oxygenation, blood pressure and enjoyment in 18–30 year old inactive men

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Kriel ◽  
Christopher D. Askew ◽  
Colin Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Utilisation ◽  
Local Oxygen

Background Sprint interval training (SIT) can be as effective, or more effective, than continuous moderate intensity exercise (CMIE) for improving a primary risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, there has been no direct comparison in inactive individuals, of the acute effects of a session of SIT with a work-matched session of CMIE on local oxygen utilisation, which is a primary stimulus for increasing CRF. Furthermore, post-exercise blood pressure (BP) and enjoyment, if symptomatic and low, respectively, have implications for safety and adherence to exercise and have not been compared between these specific conditions. It was hypothesised that in young inactive men, local oxygen utilisation would be higher, while post-exercise BP and enjoyment would be lower for SIT, when compared to CMIE. Methods A total of 11 inactive men (mean ± SD; age 23 ± 4 years) completed a maximal ramp-incremental exercise test followed by two experiment conditions: (1) SIT and (2) work-matched CMIE on a cycle ergometer on separate days. Deoxygenated haemoglobin (∆HHb) in the pre-frontal cortex (FH), gastrocnemius (GN), left vastus lateralis (LVL) and the right vastus lateralis (RVL) muscles, systemic oxygen utilisation (VO2), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) were measured during the experiment conditions. Results During SIT, compared to CMIE, ∆HHb in FH (p = 0.016) and GN (p = 0.001) was higher, while PACES (p = 0.032) and DBP (p = 0.043) were lower. No differences in SBP and ∆HHb in LVL and RVL were found between conditions. Conclusions In young inactive men, higher levels of physiological stress occurred during SIT, which potentially contributed to lower levels of post-exercise DBP and enjoyment, when compared to CMIE.

scholarly journals Acute Hypotension after High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Metabolic Syndrome Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (07) ◽  
pp. 560-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Morales-Palomo ◽  
Miguel Ramirez-Jimenez ◽  
Juan Ortega ◽  
Jesús Pallarés ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Intensity Interval

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the magnitude of post-exercise hypotension (PEH) after a bout of cycling exercise using high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in comparison to a bout of traditional moderate-intensity continuous exercise (CE). After supine rest 14 obese (31±1 kg·m−2) middle-age (57±2 y) metabolic syndrome patients (50% hypertensive) underwent a bout of HIIT or a bout of CE in a random order and then returned to supine recovery for another 45 min. Exercise trials were isocaloric and compared to a no-exercise trial (CONT) of supine rest for a total of 160 min. Before and after exercise we assessed blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (Q), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), intestinal temperature (TINT), forearm skin blood flow (SKBF) and percent dehydration. HIIT produced a larger post-exercise reduction in systolic blood pressure than CE in the hypertensive group (−20±6 vs. −5±3 mmHg) and in the normotensive group (−8±3 vs. −3±2 mmHg) while HIIT reduced SVR below CE (P<0.05). Percent dehydration was larger after HIIT, and post-exercise TINT and SKBF increased only after HIIT (all P<0.05). Our findings suggest that HIIT is a superior exercise method to CE to acutely reduce blood pressure in MSyn subjects.

Physical exercise and blood pressure with reference to the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Rauramaa ◽  
Raimo Kuhanen ◽  
Timo A. Lakka ◽  
Sari B. Väisänen ◽  
Pirjo Halonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Agt Gene ◽  
M235t Polymorphism

We investigated the role of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T polymorphism in determining blood pressure (BP) response to moderate intensity exercise in a 6-yr randomized controlled trial in 140 middle-aged men. Sitting, supine, and standing blood pressures were measured annually. Of the randomized men, 86% participated in the trial for 6 yr. Submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness increased by 16% in the exercise group. In the M homozygotes, sitting systolic BP decreased by 1.0 mmHg in the exercise but increased by 14.6 mmHg in the reference group ( P = 0.007 for net effect). Sitting and supine diastolic BP decreased by 6.2 and 3.3 mmHg in the exercise but increased by 2.8 and 3.2 mmHg in the reference group ( P = 0.026 and 0.024 for net effects), respectively. Regular moderate intensity exercise attenuates aging-related increase in systolic BP and decreases diastolic BP among the M homozygotes of the AGT gene M235T polymorphism.

Early postnatal overnutrition impairs VO2max gains with moderate exercise and increase post-exercise muscle damage in adult male rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Douglas Lopes Almeida ◽  
Gabriel Sergio Fabricio ◽  
Laize Peron Tófolo ◽  
Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro ◽  
Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adaptation To Exercise

Abstract Exercise counteracts obesity effects, but information on how early-life obesity may affect long-term adaptation to exercise is lacking. This study investigates the impact of early-life postnatal overfeeding (PO) on animals’ adaptation to exercise. Only male Wistar rats were used. On postnatal day (PN) 30, rats from control (NL-9 pups) or PO (SL-3 pups) litters were separated into four groups: NL-sedentary (NL-Se), NL-exercised (NL-Ex), SL-sedentary (SL-Se), and SL-exercised (SL-Ex). Exercised groups performed moderate-intensity exercise, running on a treadmill, from PN30 to PN90. Further experiments were carried out between PN90 and PN92. PO promoted obesity in SL versus NL rats (P < 0.05). Exercise reduced body weight (P < 0.001), body fat (P < 0.01), and improved glucose homeostasis in SL-Ex versus SL-Se. SL-Ex presented lower VO2max (P < 0.01) and higher post-exercise LDH (P < 0.05) compared to NL-Ex rats. Although moderate exercise counteracted obesity in SL rats, early-life overnutrition restricts fitness gains in adulthood, indicating that early obesity may impair animals’ adaptation to exercise.

The acute effects of differential dietary fatty acids on human skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolette S. Bradley ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Brian D. Roy ◽  
Elizabeth M. Staples ◽  
J. Greig Inglis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is an important regulator of carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, and its activity can be downregulated by an increase in dietary fat. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute metabolic effects of differential dietary fatty acids on the activation of the PDH complex (PDHa activity) at rest and at the onset of moderate-intensity exercise. University-aged male subjects ( n = 7) underwent two fat-loading trials spaced at least 2 wk apart. Subjects consumed ∼300 g saturated (SFA) or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) fat over the course of 5 h. Following this, participants cycled at 65% of their maximum oxygen uptake for 15 min. Muscle biopsies were taken before and following fat loading and at 1 min exercise. Plasma free fatty acids increased from 0.15 ± 0.07 to 0.54 ± 0.19 mM over 5 h with SFA and from 0.11 ± 0.04 to 0.35 ± 0.13 mM with n-6 PUFA and were significantly lower throughout the n-6 PUFA trial. PDHa activity was unchanged following fat loading but increased at the onset of exercise in the SFA trial, from 1.18 ± 0.27 to 2.16 ± 0.37 mmol·min−1·kg wet wt−1. This effect was negated in the n-6 PUFA trial (1.04 ± 0.20 to 1.28 ± 0.36 mmol·min−1·kg wet wt−1). PDH kinase was unchanged in both trials, suggesting that the attenuation of PDHa activity with n-6 PUFA was a result of changes in the concentrations of intramitochondrial effectors, potentially intramitochondrial NADH or Ca2+. Our findings suggest that attenuated PDHa activity contributes to the preferential oxidation of n-6 PUFA during moderate-intensity exercise.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF STRETCHING EXERCISE ON HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES AND POST-EXERCISE HYPOTENSION IN NORMOTENSIVE WOMEN STUDENTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Mohebbi Hamid ◽  
Maroofi Abdulbaset ◽  
Ansari Nazanin ◽  
Jorbonian Aboozar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Women Students ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
And Control

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate acute effects of SE on post-exercise hemodynamic responses for 1-h in normotensive sedentary young women. Methods: Sixteen women (21.56±1.21yr; 159.6±0.5 cm; 54.53±6.02 kg) were randomly assigned to SE (n = 8) and control (C) groups (n = 8). SE group performed 20 stretches for the whole body. Each SE was repeated 2 times. Rest interval between repetitions and movement 10 s were considered. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial BP (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), pulse pressure (PP) and heart rate (HR) were measured during 1-h (minutes: 0,15,30,45 and 60) in SE and C groups. Results: There were significant decreases (P

Abstract 14433: High Intensity Exercise Training Safely Increases Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin A Dias ◽  
James P Macnamara ◽  
Christopher M Hearon ◽  
Mitchel Samels ◽  
Aslan Turer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Wide Complex Tachycardia ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Introduction: Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are excluded from high intensity activities due to perceived fear of sudden cardiac death. Observational data from athletes with HCM suggest that engaging in high intensity exercise (HIE) may be safe and is associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness. Whether HIE can safely elicit a superior increase in fitness compared to moderate intensity exercise in patients with HCM is unclear. Methods: Nine HCM patients (49 ± 7 years, 3 female) were assessed for maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max, Douglas Bag method), cardiac output (Q c , acetylene rebreathing), and peripheral oxygen extraction (av-O 2 diff, Fick equation) before randomization and after 5 months of MIE or HIE training. Patients completed 3-4 sessions of MIE each week, while the HIE group also incorporated 1-2 supervised high intensity interval training sessions/week from month 3 onwards. Arrhythmias were monitored via pre-existing implantable cardiac defibrillators or implantable loop recorders placed prior to training. Results: Five months of MIE increased absolute VO 2 max by 3% and relative VO 2 max by 4%, while HIE consistently increased absolute VO 2 max by 6% and relative VO 2 max by 5% (Figure). Maximal Q c did not change after MIE but increased in all HIE patients (+1.2L/min, 95% CI -1.4 to 3.9), while maximal av-O 2 diff remained stable in both groups. Training compliance was 84 ± 15% in HIE and 93 ± 11% in MIE. There were no serious exercise-related adverse events in either group though two HIE subjects had arrhythmias at rest: 1) 14-beat run of wide complex tachycardia of uncertain mechanism given underlying conduction disease prior to a training session, and 2) 11 beats of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia prior to post exercise testing. Conclusions: Preliminary findings show that five months of HIE safely and consistently increased cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with HCM, though overall the improvements were comparable to MIE.

Progressive increase in human skeletal muscle AMPKα2 activity and ACC phosphorylation during exercise

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. E688-E694 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Stephens ◽  
Z.-P. Chen ◽  
B. J. Canny ◽  
B. J. Michell ◽  
B. E. Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Content ◽  
Muscle Creatine

The effect of prolonged moderate-intensity exercise on human skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α1 and -α2 activity and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCβ) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSμ) phosphorylation was investigated. Seven active healthy individuals cycled for 30 min at a workload requiring 62.8 ± 1.3% of peak O2consumption (V˙o 2 peak) with muscle biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis at rest and at 5 and 30 min of exercise. AMPKα1 activity was not altered by exercise; however, AMPKα2 activity was significantly ( P < 0.05) elevated after 5 min (∼2-fold), and further elevated ( P < 0.05) after 30 min (∼3-fold) of exercise. ACCβ phosphorylation was increased ( P < 0.05) after 5 min (∼18-fold compared with rest) and increased ( P< 0.05) further after 30 min of exercise (∼36-fold compared with rest). Increases in AMPKα2 activity were significantly correlated with both increases in ACCβ phosphorylation and reductions in muscle glycogen content. Fat oxidation tended ( P = 0.058) to increase progressively during exercise. Muscle creatine phosphate was lower ( P < 0.05), and muscle creatine, calculated free AMP, and free AMP-to-ATP ratio were higher ( P < 0.05) at both 5 and 30 min of exercise compared with those at rest. At 30 min of exercise, the values of these metabolites were not significantly different from those at 5 min of exercise. Phosphorylation of nNOSμ was variable, and despite the mean doubling with exercise, statistically significance was not achieved ( P = 0.304). Western blots indicated that AMPKα2 was associated with both nNOSμ and ACCβ consistent with them both being substrates of AMPKα2 in vivo. In conclusion, AMPKα2 activity and ACCβ phosphorylation increase progressively during moderate exercise at ∼60% of V˙o 2 peak in humans, with these responses more closely coupled to muscle glycogen content than muscle AMP/ATP ratio.

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