Elucidating physiological and biochemical alterations in giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza L. Schleiden) under diethyl phthalate stress: insights into antioxidant defence system

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8267 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ritika Sharma ◽

Rajinder Kaur

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Diethyl Phthalate ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Spirodela Polyrhiza ◽

Biochemical Alterations ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Antioxidant Defence System ◽

High Doses ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Background The emollient properties of phthalates have led to their extensive production and intense use in plastic products. Owing to their weak covalent bonding with the plastic polymers, phthalates enter into the environment during their manufacturing, processing, disposal, consequently found their way directly into water sources, soil, and sediments. Methods The present study envisaged the toxic effects of diethyl phthalate (DEP) on physiological and biochemical attributes of Spirodela polyrhiza, when exposed to various concentrations of DEP (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, 200, and 400 ppm) for short term exposure period of seven days. Results Plants of S. polyrhiza accumulated significant amount of DEP (112 mg kg−1 fw) when exposed to various concentrations of DEP for seven days. Results depicted that DEP toxicity significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected growth parameters and pigments in treated S. polyrhiza as compared to control. Further, high doses of DEP (400 ppm) caused significant decrement in carbohydrate (86%), protein (76%) and elevation in MDA content (42%). Meanwhile, DEP altered the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, GPX and GR) along with the induction of enhanced levels of proline, electrolyte leakage and phenolic content. Scanning electron microscopic and confocal studies also confirmed oxidative stress in plants under DEP stress. Conclusions Present findings will help understand the accumulation, tolerance, and detoxification mechanisms of DEP by S. polyrhiza to counteract the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with the evaluation of environmental threat for aquatic plants in aquatic ecosystems.

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The Morphology of the Rat Kidney Following Folic Acid Administration

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067996 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 200-201

Author(s):

Aline Byrnes ◽

Elsa E. Ramos ◽

Minoru Suzuki ◽

E.D. Mayfield

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

De Novo ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Rat Kidney ◽

Present Report ◽

Intracellular Localization ◽

Male Rats ◽

Renal Hypertrophy ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Biochemical Alterations

Renal hypertrophy was induced in 100 g male rats by the injection of 250 mg folic acid (FA) dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO3/kg body weight (i.v.). Preliminary studies of the biochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism of the renal tissue have been reported recently (1). They are: RNA content and concentration, orotic acid-c14 incorporation into RNA and acid soluble nucleotide pool, intracellular localization of the newly synthesized RNA, and the specific activity of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The present report describes the light and electron microscopic observations in these animals. For light microscopy, kidney slices were fixed in formalin, embedded, sectioned, and stained with H & E and PAS.

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Toxic effects of inhaled DMMP on the kidneys of Fischer-344 rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128687 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 880-881

Author(s):

D.R. Mattie ◽

C.J. Hixson

Keyword(s):

Left Kidney ◽

Inhalation Exposure ◽

Electron Microscopic Examination ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Male Rats ◽

Continuous Exposure ◽

Fischer 344 Rats ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Fischer 344

Dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) is a simple organophosphate used industrially as a flame retardant and to lower viscosity in polyester and epoxy resins. The military considered the use of DMMP as a nerve gas simulant. Since military use of DMMP involved exposure by inhalation, there was a need for a subchronic inhalation exposure to DMMP to fully investigate its toxic potential.Male Fischer-344 rats were exposed to 25 ppm or 250 ppm DMMP vapor on a continuous basis for 90 days. An equal number of control rats were sham-exposed. Following the 90-day continuous exposure period, 15 male rats were sacrificed from each group. Two rats from each group had the left kidney perfused for electron microscopic examination. The kidneys were perfused from a height of 150 cm water with 1% glutaraldehyde in Sorensen's 0.1M phosphate buffer pH 7.2. An additional kidney was taken from a rat in each group and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.4. A portion of the 9 kidneys collected for electron microscopy were processed into Epon 812. Thin sections, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, were examined with a JEOL 100B Transmission Electron Microscope. Microvilli height was measured on photographs of the cells of proximal tubules. This data, along with morphologic features of the cells, allows the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) to be identified as being S1, S2, or S3 segment PCT.

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Phytoextraction of Lead Using a Hedge Plant [Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson]: Physiological and Biochemical Alterations through Bioresource Management

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13095074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 5074

Author(s):

Urooj Kanwal ◽

Muhammad Ibrahim ◽

Farhat Abbas ◽

Muhammad Yamin ◽

Fariha Jabeen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Citric Acid Concentration ◽

Biochemical Alterations ◽

Biomass Plant ◽

Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽

Pb Concentration

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach that can be used for the remediation of metals in polluted soil. This study used a hedge plant–calico (Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson) to determine the role of citric acid in lead (Pb) phytoremediation by exposing it to different concentrations of Pb (0, 200, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) as well as in a combination with citric acid concentration (0, 250, 500 µM). The analysis of variance was applied on results for significant effects of the independent variables on the dependent variables using SPSS (ver10). According to the results, maximum Pb concentration was measured in the upper parts of the plant. An increase in dry weight biomass, plant growth parameters, and photosynthetic contents was observed with the increase of Pb application (200 mg kg−1) in soil while a reduced growth was experienced at higher Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). The antioxidant enzymatic activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced under lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas the reduction occurred at greater metal concentration Pb (1000 mg kg−1). There was a usual reduction in electrolyte leakage (EL) at lower Pb concentration (200, 500 mg kg−1), whereas EL increased at maximum Pb concentration (1000 mg kg−1). We concluded that this hedge plant, A. Bettzickiana, has the greater ability to remediate polluted soils aided with citric acid application.

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Electron microscopic studies of silicon layers irradiated with high doses of nitrogen ions

phys stat sol (a) ◽

10.1002/pssa.2210360108 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 81-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

P. V. Pavlov ◽

T. A. Kruze ◽

D. I. Tetelbaum ◽

E. I. Zorin ◽

E. V. Shitova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopic ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Nitrogen Ions ◽

High Doses

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Impact of Melatonin on Growth and Antioxidant Activity of Cicer arietinum L. Grown under Arsenic Stress

Journal of Ravishankar University (Part-B) ◽

10.52228/jrub.2021-34-1-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 69-79

Author(s):

Deepali Nagre ◽

Roseline Xalxo ◽

Vibhuti Chandrakar ◽

S. Keshavkant

Keyword(s):

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Melatonin Treatment ◽

Radicle Growth ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Arsenic Stress ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

The ability of melatonin to regulate number of physiological and biochemical processes under different environmental stresses has been widely studied in plants. So, this investigation was done to study the protective roles of melatonin on Cicer arietinum L. grown under arsenic stress. Subjecting Cicer arietinum L. seeds to arsenic stress caused significant decreases in germination percentage, radicle growth, biomass accumulation, protein content and activities of antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, melatonin treatment significantly increased growth parameters and protein quantity via improving antioxidant enzyme systems as compared with their corresponding untreated controls.

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Electron Microscopic Observations on Spinal Ganglion Cells of Rana pipiens after Injection of Malononitrile

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.4.1.83 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 83-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Everett Anderson ◽

V. L. van Breemen

Keyword(s):

Golgi Complex ◽

Rana Pipiens ◽

Ganglion Cells ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Membrane System ◽

Spinal Ganglion ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Biochemical Alterations ◽

Spinal Ganglion Cells ◽

Electron Microscopes

Spinal ganglionic cells of Rana pipiens were studied with light and electron microscopes in normal animals and in animals which had received graded dosages of malononitrile intraperitoneally. After treatment no increase in the intensity of staining was noted in the Nissl substance when spinal ganglion cells were examined with the light microscope. The electron micrographs demonstrated the following in malononitrile-treated animals: 1. The cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum composing the Nissl bodies appeared to fragment and lose their parallel orientation. 2. The microvesicular components of the Golgi complex appeared to increase in number, and the increase was apparently due to fragmentation of the membrane system of the Golgi complex. 3. The mitochondria enlarged and became pleomorphic, but displayed no alterations of internal structure. The morphological changes may be interpreted as reflections of biochemical alterations.

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Efficacy of Alternanthera bettzickiana to Remediate Copper and Cobalt Contaminated Soil Physiological and Biochemical Alterations

International Journal of Environmental Research ◽

10.1007/s41742-020-00251-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 243-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Amna Khalid ◽

Mujahid Farid ◽

Muhammad Zubair ◽

Muhmmad Rizwan ◽

Usman Iftikhar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Biochemical Alterations ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

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Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles and spermine on antioxidant responses of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. to cold stress

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.37427/botcro-2020-025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 137-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vahideh Kardavan Ghabel ◽

Roya Karamian

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽

Tio2 Nps ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra L ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is known as an important medicinal plant throughout the world. Glycyrrhizin is one of the most important specialized metabolites produced by licorice. In order to study the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and spermine on physiological and biochemical traits of licorice under cold stress conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Plants were exposed to optimum temperature (26 ºC) as control and low temperature (4 ºC) as cold stress conditions and also treated with TiO2 NPs (2 and 5 ppm) and spermine (1 mM), separately. Results from physiological and biochemical analyses of the aerial parts of licorice seedlings showed that the growth parameters and the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased in response to low temperature. TiO2 NPs and spermine treatments increased plant resistance to cold stress and decreased the level of oxidative damage by reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. In other hand, TiO2 NPs and spermine caused increase of phenolics, total protein and osmolytes contents under cold stress conditions. An increase in glycyrrhizin content was significantly induced by low temperature, TiO2 NPs and spermine.

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